Showing papers on "Lead acetate published in 1973"

Immunosuppression produced by lead, cadmium, and mercury.

Abstract: Rabbits given lead acetate, cadmium chloride, or mercuric chloride in their drinking water for 70 days and then inoculated with pseudorabies virus (3 doses, 7 days between doses) as antigen had significantly lower neutralizing antibody titers than did the controls. The titers were determined by the plaque assay method using serum samples prepared 7 (experimental day 78) and 24 (experimental day 95) days after the first viral innoculation was given.

Learning deficits in lead-injected rats☆

Abstract: Weanling and adult rats injected with one of three concentrations of lead acetate for 37 days failed to demonstrate any learning impairments as measured by a Hebb-Williams maze series relative to water injected controls. Rats at the highest dose level showed clear symptoms of lead poisoning. Pregnant females injected during pregnancy with an asymptomatic dose of lead acetate showed a 100% abortion rate, while 75% of water injected controls delivered litters. Rats whose mothers were injected with asymptomatic doses of lead acetate throughout nursing developed more slowly, weighed less, and demonstrated learning deficits relative to controls. The behavioral and physiological effects of lead may be greatest during the earliest developmental stages.

Experimental oral lead toxicity in young dogs

Abstract: Litter-mate male pups were fed a calcium-and-phosphorus-low purified diet with and without 100 ppm of lead as lead acetate from age 6 to 18 weeks. Lead-toxic dogs exhibited cyclic but terminally severe anorexia and cachexia, significant anemia, normoblastocytosis and leukopenia within six weeks, hypoproteinemia, decreased serum albumin, ..cap alpha../sub 1/-globulin, ..beta../sub 2/-globulin, alkaline phosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase 1, elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic and pyruvic transaminases, delayed closure of the thoracic vertebral epiphyses, lead lines in the distal radii and thoracic spinous processes, enlargement of liver, kidney, and brain, hepatic fatty metamorphosis, focal proximal renal tubular necrosis, hydropic degeneration of spermatognia, and lead inclusion body formation. Approximately 97% of the tissue lead was estimated to be skeletal; the greatest concentration of lead in the brain was found in the occipital gray matter.

Effects of lead acetate on sensitivity to shock, intravascular carbon and endotoxin clearances, and hepatic endotoxin detoxification.

Abstract: SummaryLead acetate iv at 5 mg/300 g to male rats of the Holtzman strain sensitized to the lethal shock induced by endotoxin, Noble-Collip tumbling trauma, hind limb ischemia, bowel ischemia, and horse serum anaphylaxis. Lead treatment depressed the intravascular phagocytic clearance of colloidal carbon as evaluated at 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min. By use of an endotoxin bioassay based on lethality in lead-treated assay rats, the intravascular removal of a test dose of 0.5 mg of endotoxin was not altered by lead treatment as compared to normal and sodium acetate treated controls. The ability of liver homogenates to detoxify endotoxin was not altered by lead administration at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, or 8 hr prior to sacrifice. The in vitro addition of lead to homogenates incubated with endotoxin did not alter detoxification. It is suggested that the mechanism of lead sensitization to endotoxin probably does not reflect alteration in its rate of clearance or detoxification but rather may relate to lead's ability to al...

Hypoglycemia and depressed hepatic gluconeogenesis during endotoxicosis in lead-sensitized rats.

Abstract: SummaryThe administration of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin to male rats rendered hypersensitive by lead acetate resulted in profound hypoglycemia, lactacidemia, and depletion of liver glycogen. Lead acetate depressed gluconeogenesis as studied in isolated hepatocytes. Possible mechanisms for lead's action on gluconeogenesis and the significance of this metabolic lesion in lead hypersensitivity to shock are discussed.

Effects of lead on heme-synthesizing enzymes and urinary -aminolevulinic acid in the rat.

Abstract: SummaryIn a study of early effects of lead on delta aminolevulinic acid (ALA) metabolism in rats a 4-fold increase in concentration of this metabolite was found in the urine within 12 hr after a single oral dose of lead acetate. This corresponded in time with a 3-fold increase in blood ALA synthetase (ALAS) and was preceded by at least 6 hr by a 90% decrease in blood ALA dehydrase (ALAD). Urinary ALA reached a peak at about 3-4 days and had returned to control levels at 6 days. Tissue ALAD increased towards normal throughout the 6-day period and was about twice the control values in liver after the second day. Blood ALAS decreased to half-normal by the second day.

Congenital Cardiac Anomalies in Lead Poisoning

Abstract: Microscopic studies of the 8-day-old chick embryos which had been administered with lead acetate on the 2nd day of incubation revealed the presence of cardiac lesions. Aortic stenosis, valvular defect

Treatment of lead sulphide bearing material

Abstract: A method is disclosed for leaching finely divided lead sulphide bearing material to convert contained lead values to soluble lead acetate with concurrent conversion of sulphur values associated with the lead sulphide to an elemental state. The method involves forming a slurry consisting of the material dispersed in an aqueous medium containing free acetate ions and having a pH below 5.1. The slurry is reacted at a temperature of 60° to 120°C. with a free oxygen-bearing gas under a partial pressure of oxygen of 20 to 60 p.s.i. in order to convert lead sulphide to soluble lead acetate with concurrent production of insoluble elemental sulphur.

Sterilization of male goats by formaldehyde and some metallic salts.

Abstract: An investigation concerned with the induction of sterility in male goats by formaldehyde and some metallic salts is reported. A single intratesticular injection of lead acetate (10 mg/kg) yttrium nitrate (5 mg/kg) and lanthanum chloride (5 mg/kg) caused extensive damage and calcification of interstitium connective tissue and blood vessels with total arrest of spermatogenesis. Formaldehyde (10 ml of 4% solution) caused mild to moderate damage to the seminiferous tubules and interstitium; the latter however regenerated after an initial phase of atrophy. The metallic salts and formaldehyde affected the semen quality to the same degree. The spermatozoa became immotile and the count and appearance of abnormalities indicated a complete arrest of spermatogenesis with a possible direct effect on the residual forms. Alkaline phosphatase activity rose appreciably in the testis treated with lead acetate yttrium nitrate lanthanum chloride and formaldehyde particularly in calcified areas of the tubules and the interstitium. Alkaline phosphatase is liberated from tissues following injury and is presumed to inactivate the calcification inhibitors (such as polyphosphates) in tissues which normally prevent calcification.

Study on Calcium Metabolism in Rats treated with Lead

Abstract: To know the calcium metabolism of rats treated with lead acetate, the serum and urinary calcium levels were determined, and the hepatic calcium content was measured. No differences were demonstrated in the serum and urinary calcium levels in the lead-administered and control rats but significant difference was found between the two groups in the serum and urinary amount of inorganic phosphorus and in the serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Correlation between alkaline phosphatase activity and inorganic phosphorus was demonstrated in the serum. In the thyroparathyroidectomized rats, the serum calcium level of the lead-treated group increased 1.25 times (P<0.01) that of the untreated group. The calcium content in liver of rats treated with lead was about 22 times that of the control rats. In the case of thyroparathyroidectomized rats, the former was only about 3 times that of the latter. From these facts it is demonstrated that thyroid and parathyroid glands in lead-poisoned rat play an important part in high calcium accumulation in the liver.

Mastocalcergy in the mouse.

Abstract: Mice previously injected intravenously with lead acetate solution were injected subcutaneously with Polymixin B Sulphate. This resulted in calcification at the latter injection site. Histological evidence showed marked mast cell degranulation, local vasodilation and the efflux of lead ions from these vessels. At twenty four hours after injection abundant calcium and phosphate ions were readily demonstrated. In addition, groups of mice pre-injected intravenously with lead acetate, were injected with constituents of mast cell granules. These included histamine phosphate, serotonin creatinine sulphate, heparin, chondroitin sulphate or hyaluronic acid. Of these exogenous constituents used, calcification was found only after serotonin and histamine injections, both of which are potent vasodilators and presumbly increase capillary permeability. It is postulated that the role of the mast cell in calcergy may be mainly that of producing local vasodilation with increased capillary permeability rather than the initial binding of metallic ions.

Study on the Deposition of Calcium in the Livers of Rats intoxicated with Lead

Abstract: To find the mechanism of indirect action of lead on the body, movement of trace metals in the liver of rats intoxicated with lead acetate was examined. Lead acetate was dissolved in distilled water to a concentration of 20 mg/ml as lead ion. The solution (1.0 ml/kg) was administered intraperitoneally once to rats. Some trace metals (Ca, Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn, and Cu) in the liver was quantitatively determined using chloric acid digestion by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. No significant difference was found in the amount of Cu, Zn, Mg, and Mn in the liver of rats between the lead-poisoned group and the control group, but the content of calcium in the liver of rats treated with lead acetate increased 25.77 times (p<0.001) and the content of iron decreased about one-third (p<0.01) compared with normal rats. In the case of administration of stannous acetate, zinc acetate, manganese acetate, or calcium acetate, no significant difference was found in the amount of calcium in the liver between the matal-treated and normal rats. The content of calcium in the kidneys of rats treated with stannous acetate increased 6.19 times (p<0.01) compared with normal rats, and then the kidneys changed into white. After a single intraperitoneal administration of lead acetate, the amount of calcium in the liver reached a maximum after 72 hr, and deposition of calcium increased rapidly and linearly in proportion to the amount of lead adminisered.

Blood porphyrin determination: a rapid field test for lead poisoning in cattle

Abstract: Changes in blood porphyrin in cattle following intravenous injection of lead acetate are reported. A case report on acute lead poisoning in a herd of Hereford cattle is also presented. Qualitative blood porphyrin determination is a rapid field test for diagnosis of lead poisoning.