Showing papers on "Lead zirconate titanate published in 1979"
TL;DR: In this article, a focused ion-beam sputtering technique was used to sample lead zirconate titanate (ZrxTi1−x)O3 in an O2 atmosphere.
Abstract: Lead zirconate titanate is a solid solution with nominal composition Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3. Ferroelectric thin films of this material have been successfully deposited by a focused ion‐beam sputtering technique in an O2 atmosphere. These films were characterized according to composition, crystal structure, and dielectric and ferroelectric properties. The effects of deposition temperature, heat treatment after deposition, and substrate and target material were investigated. The composition of the films was within 1 at.% of the composition of the multicomponent PZT target for substrate temperatures up to 200 °C. The Pb concentration decreased for substrate temperatures above 200 °C. Films deposited at substrate temperatures below 250 °C were microcrystalline. At 300 °C, the pyrochlore phase was obtained. Films with the ferroelectric perovskite structure were deposited above 400 °C, which is the lowest deposition temperature ever reported for this phase. O2 losses during postdeposition annealing resulted in a collap...
182 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a synthetic process for the preparation of both pure and doped lead zirconate titanate solid solution powders is presented, based on the reaction of the constituent oxides, or their precursors, in a molten salt solvent.
152 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a microscopic model for the anomalous phase transition behavior of these compounds is suggested, and the temperature-dependent optical second-harmonic generation in thermally depoled La-doped lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics was studied.
Abstract: The temperature-dependent optical second-harmonic generation in thermally depoled La-doped lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics of composition 8/65/35 and 9/65/35 has been studied. A microscopic model for the anomalous phase transition behaviour of these compounds is suggested.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, pressure-induced ferroelectric to antiferroelectric (FE) phase transitions at ∼ 0.2 GPa of hydrostatic pressure were studied as a function of both hydrostatic and uniaxial stress, and two effects were observed: rotation of FE domains and the FE-AFE phase transition.
Abstract: Mechanical properties of ferroelectric ceramics with compositions Pb0.99Nb0.02(Zr0.95Ti0.05)0.98O3 and Pb0.97La0.02(Zr0.92Ti0.08)O3 have been studied as functions of both hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial stress. Measurements of ultrasonic velocity and sample strains have been made in order to characterize unpoled samples. Both materials have pressure‐induced ferroelectric (FE) to antiferroelectric (AFE) phase transitions at ∼0.2 GPa of hydrostatic pressure. Under uniaxial‐stress conditions two effects are observed: rotation of FE domains and the FE–AFE phase transition. These effects are separately resolved by the measurements, even though they occur in overlapping stress regions. The domain reorientation responses of the two materials appear to be nearly identical, but the FE–AFE transition begins at lower stress levels for the Nb‐doped material. This is presumably due to that material transforming into the orthorhombic (PbZrO3) phase, whereas the La‐doped material transforms into the tetragonal AFE pha...
13 citations
Patent•
07 May 1979TL;DR: In this article, an array of electrically switched lanthanum modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) light gates are located between a light polarizer and a complementary light analyzer.
Abstract: Electric signals are recorded on a recording medium having a light sensitivity extending to wavelengths shorter than 475 nm, with an array of electrically switched lanthanum modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) light gates located between a light polarizer and a complementary light analyzer. The light gates are illuminated through the polarizer with light whose wavelength essentially is longer than 475 nm. Such light is selectively gated through electrically switched light gates through the analyzer and to the recording medium having a light sensitivity extending to wavelengths shorter than 475 nm. Information recordings may be made in this manner over extended periods of time without the typical performance degradation through photoinduced birefringence observed with conventionalPLZT electrooptic shutters.
10 citations
9 citations
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, a single-shot, shock-activated power supply was proposed, where electrical energy is stored in a ferroelectric element by the initial poling process, and the passage of a shock wave through the material releases part or all of this stored energy into an external electrical load by actually destroying (non-reversibly) the State of initial polarization.
Abstract: Electromechanical transducers made of ferroelectric ceramic materials such as those based on barium titanate (BT) or on various lead zirconate titanate (PZT) compositions have become widely used for a variety of applications over the past 25 years [1]. Most of these applications utilize the linear piezoelectric effect for the conversion between electrical and mechanical energy, and one of the prime advantages of the BT or PZT materials is that their piezoelectric coupling coefficients are large. Another kind of application of ferroelectric ceramics — one that is perhaps not as generally familiar — is based on non-linear and non-reversible processes that can take place in these materials. One example of this kind of application is the single-shot, shock-activated power supply [2,3]. In this device, electrical energy is stored in a ferroelectric element by the initial poling process, and the passage of a shock wave through the material releases part or all of this stored energy (into an external electrical load) by actually destroying (non-reversibly) the State of initial polarization. There are two important mechanisms by which the destruction of polarization may occur. The first is by domain reorientation processes [4] whereby the directions of the polarization vectors in the individual ferroelectric domains change from one preferred crystallographic axis to another in response to the external stress. This process tends to randomize the domains and dramatically reduce the net polarization of the ceramic. The second possible mechanism for shock-induced depoling is a structural phase transition [3,5] induced by the stress behind the shock front, which transforms the material into a non-ferroelectric State. When such a transformation occurs, the polarizations of the individual crystallites of the ceramic become zero, so that all of the initial poling energy is released.
Patent•
12 Apr 1979
TL;DR: In this article, a new piezoelectric ceramic (I) of the Pb zircontatetitanate system with Mn-Nb complex portion PbZrxTi1-x-z(MnaNbb)z O3, the ratio a:b is 1:4 to 1:6 with 0.42 x 0.44 and 0.75 z 0.125.
Abstract: In a new piezoelectric ceramic (I) of the Pb zircontatetitanate system with Mn-Nb complex portion PbZrxTi1-x-z(MnaNbb)z O3, the ratio a:b is 1:4 to 1:6 with 0.42 x 0.44 and 0.75 z 0.125. (I) is produced by reaction for 1.5-2.5 h at 850-1000 degrees C and sintering for 1.5-2.5 h at 1280-1320 degrees C. Min. temp. coefft. of the mechanical quality is attained with retention of the temp. coefft. of the resonance frequency and opt. the dielectric constant.
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: The first ferroelectric ceramic was BaTi03 which was discovered in Japan,in 1944, and independently in the USA and USSR as discussed by the authors, and since the subsequent discovery of the very strong and stable piezoelectric effect in lead zirconate titanate ceramics, many materials with various additives have been developed also in Japan.
Abstract: Research and d evelopment of mainly piezoelectric ceramic devices in Japan is reviewed. The first ferroelectric ceramic was BaTi03 which was discovered in Japan ,in 1944, and independently in the USA and USSR. Since the subsequent discovery of the very strong and stable piezoelectric effect in lead zirconate titanate ceramics in the USA in 1954, many materials with various additives have b een developed also in Japan. have b een developed. However, the biggest market for piezoelectric ceramics is ceramic filters which are use as IF filters in AM and FM radio and SIF filters for Tv. Surface acoustic wave filters for VIF in color TV have been developed recently using piezoelectric ceramics or sputtered ZnO thin films. The latest marketing information shows that production and sales of these devices is increasing very rapidly in Japan. Many applications of these materials