Showing papers on "Liquid paraffin published in 1979"

The spleen is required for the suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by prostaglandin precursors.

Abstract: In this paper we report a study of the effects of splenectomy on the immunosuppressive action of essential fatty acids (EFA) which is thought to be mediated through prostaglandins (PG) produced in the spleen. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in normal, splenectomized and sham splenectomized Lewis rats. EFA were administered orally, the animals in the control groups being treated with liquid paraffin. Treatment with EFA significantly suppressed clinical disease in those animals in which EAE was induced by the inoculation of central nervous system material of guinea-pigs or by passive transfer by Con A-stimulated spleen cells. Splenectomy abrogated the suppressive effect of EFA. This observation, together with previous results showing the abrogation of EFA immunosuppression by an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of PG from EFA, led us to postulate a close relationship between EFA, PG and a splenic factor suppressing immunopathological mechanisms in EAE.

Identification of viridans streptococci on the Minitek Miniaturised Differentiation System.

Abstract: A total of 227 strains of viridans streptococci were simultaneously identified on the Minitek Miniaturised System (BBL) and by a conventional method according to Colman and Williams. The Minitek discs were each overlaid with a drop of sterile liquid paraffin, and the trays were incubated in GaSPak jars (BBL) with CO2 generator envelopes. Identification was possible three to four days earlier than with the conventional method. The results were found to be in agreement with the conventional method. Compared to the identification schemes of Cowan and Steel and of Facklam, the results were also in good agreement. Minor differences were found in the number of positive and negative results in those reactions that are variable in all three schemes.

Effects of Tween and Span Group Emulsifiers on the Stability of o/w Emulsions

Abstract: The effect of blending Tween and Span emulsifiers on emulsion formation were investigated, and the HLB values required to produce stable o/w emulsions are considered in detail. The emulsifiers used were the commercial grade Tween series and Span series, and the oil used was a liquid paraffin (dispersed phase). Emulsion stability was measured by four methods : with a measuring cylinder, a Coulter counter, a turbidimeter, and a rheometer. The following results were obtained ; (1) The rate of separation increased in the following order with blended emulsifiers : Tween 80+Span 20, Tween 20+Span 20, Tween 40+Span 20, and Tween 20+Span 80. However, the emulsion prepared with Tween 20+Span 80 was unstable over the whole range of HLB. (2) The o/w emulsions prepared using mixtures of Tween and Span showed a maximum droplet number at an HLB value of 11.0. (3) The viscosity of the emulsion prepared with Tween alone was clearly smaller than those obtained with blended emulsifiers.

Vascularization of premalignant lesions in carcinogen-treated hamster cheek pouch.

Abstract: Of 27 lesions induced in Syrian golden hamsters by 12 applications of 0.5% 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in liquid paraffin, 14 showed a static phase of at least 28 days' duration in their life history. Ten static lesions resumed growth, and this was accompanied by clinically obvious vascularization in 8 cases, 7 of which culminated in carcinomas by the end of the study. Because the wall of the normal hamster cheek pouch possesses small nodules whose histologic structure closely resembles that of hyperplastic epithelium, they could be misinterpreted as a product of carcinogenesis.

Liquid paraffin pneumonia--with chemical analysis and electronmicroscopy.

Abstract: Liquid paraffin pneumonia was diagnosed after open lung biopsy in a woman age 73 with a hiatus hernia and rheumatoid arthritis who had been taking liquid paraffin nightly for fifty two years. Histological examination showed a lipid type pneumonia with involvement of alveoli, interstitial tissues and brochioles.

Pesticidal aqueous suspension

Abstract: OF THE DISCLOSURE A pesticidal aqueous suspension having an excellent dispersion stability, which comprises, as a pesticidally active ingredient, an N-methyl- or N-phenylcarbamate which is solid and has a solubility in water of about 10 to 10,000 ppm at room temperature, suspended in water in a finely dispersed state with a surfactant having a hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) less than 5 and polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis of about 70 to 90 mol% and a degree of polymeri-zation of about 300 to 2,600 as dispersing agents in the presence of ethylene glycol and liquid paraffin as dispersion stabilizers.

Effect of calcium on absorption of fatty acid by rat jejunum in vitro

Abstract: The effect of Ca++ on jejunal osmiophilic particles was studied in a recirculating system which was not contaminated with plasma lipoproteins. An isolated, infused segment of rat jejunum was suspended in a bath of liquid paraffin. Transudate, containing osmiophilic particles, appeared like beads of sweat on the serosal surface, and fell to the bottom of the bath. In the range of 25–38 C, 30 C proved to be optimal for histological preservation of villous architecture. Production of transudate, 20 mg/min/g of jejunum, and transport of [14C] oleate proceeded nearly linearly after the first 30 min. Necrosis of mid-villus and crypt cells became obvious by light microscopy after one hour. Therefore, transudate was collected between the period of 30–60 min. Shadow casting of transudates, produced when saline was infused, revealed that 86±9 (SD) % of osmiophilic particles was <800 A in diameter; 13±8% was 800–1000 A; 0.4±0.5% was 1000–2000 A. Corresponding values were 58±10, 25±5, and 16±5% when 5 mM [14C] oleate+2.5 mM monoolein was infused; 75% of the transported [14C] appeared in triglyceride. Adding 2 mM Ca++ to the infusion doubled the transport of [14C] triglyceride without increasing particle size further. We conclude that luminal Ca++ increases the absorption of luminal fatty acid by rat jejunum in vitro.

Preparation of plaster

Abstract: PURPOSE: To prepare a plaster which does not cause allergic troubles to idiosyncratic person, by using a specific synthetic polymer as a base. CONSTITUTION: A plaster base composed of a polymer selected from (A) a styrene/ isoprene/styrene block copolymer, (B) a styrene/butadiene/styrene block copolymer and (C) a modified copolymer obtained by grafting methyl methacrylate to the (A) or (B) block copolymer, is mixed with liquid paraffin, a tackifying resin, and a filler. Effective drug components are added to the mixture, kneaded uniformly, and coated and spread to a substrate to obtain the objective plaster. Allergy caused by the impurities (e.g. proteins, etc.) of crude rubber used in a conventional menthol- rubber plaster can be eliminated. It is a novel plaster having a mild adhesivity between those of a menthol-rubber plaster and a poultice. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio

Studies on Removal of a Fatty Soil Mixture of Triglyceride and Fatty Acid. II.

Abstract: Effect of the interaction between fatty acid soils and surfactants on removal of a triglyceride soil from cotton fabrics was studied in relation to the interfacial tension in a liquid paraffin (Nujol)/water system. Triolein as a model triglyceride was mixed with equal amount of individual fatty acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, and oleic acid and the mixtures were applied to cotton fabrics from chloroform solution. Triolein mixed with individual fatty acids was removed more easily than triolein alone in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution. The effect of saturated fatty acids on removal of triolein increased slightly with increasing carbon chain length of fatty acids. Further, the interfacial tension in the Nujol/SDS solution was lowered markedly by the addition of palmitic acid. From the calculation of the adsorbed amounts of palmitic acid and SDS at the Nujol/water interface by Gibbs' equation, the ratio of palmitic acid to SDS was approximately 1 : 2. When the effect of the surfactants, SDS and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), on the removal of triolein in the presence of palmitic acid was compared, SDS was more effective than LAS. Further, in the system of which oil phase contained palmitic acid, SDS lowered the interfacial tension more than LAS did. From these results, it is concluded that the complex formation by the interaction between fatty acid and surfactant at the soil/solution interface facilitates the removal of triolein by emulsification.

Lowwdusting* lowwhygroscopic filler

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare a harmless filler useful for adding to a thermosetting resin for casting or molding use or to paint, and effective to improve the defoaming characteristics and fluidity of the product, by compounding a saturated liquid hydrocarbon to a filler. CONSTITUTION:A heat-stable, chemically inactive saturated liquid hydrocarbon of formula CnH2n+2 (n is 5-17) having high boiling point and ignition point (pref. liquid paraffin) is slowly added or sprayed to powdery filler or fibrous filler or their mixture, under agitation, and throughly kneaded. Addition of a silane coupling agent to the system further improves the effect.

Identification ofviridans streptococci ontheMinitek Miniaturised Differentiation System

Abstract: SUMMARY A total of227strains ofviridans streptococci were simultaneously identified on the Minitek Miniaturised System(BBL)andbya conventional methodaccording toColmanand Williams. TheMinitek discs wereeachoverlaid with a dropofsterile liquid paraffin, andthetrays wereincubated inGasPakjars(BBL)withCO2generator envelopes. Identification was possible three tofourdaysearlier thanwiththeconventional method. Theresults werefound tobeinagreementwiththeconventional method. Compared totheidentification schemes ofCowanandSteel and ofFacklam, theresults werealso ingoodagreement. Minordifferences werefound inthenumberof positive andnegative results inthose reactions that arevariable inallthree schemes. Identification ofthedifferent species within thesocalled viridans streptococci grouphasbecome more important inthelast decade. Streptococcus mutans, oneofthemembersoftheviridans streptococci group, hasattracted interest forits possible causative relationship to dentalcaries (Gibbons and Fitzgerald, 1969). Infective endocarditis duetothe viridans groupiswell recorded (Johnson etal., 1975), andithasbeenshownthat especially Strep. mutans, Strep. sanguis, andStrep. mitior havebeeninvolved (Parker andBall, 1976). Itistherefore important to beable tosubdivide theviridans groupinto species. Theconventional methods fortheidentification ofthis grouparetime-consuming. An average of threetofivedayselapses before carbohydrate reactions canbereadwithcertainty. TheuseoftheMinitek Miniaturised Differentiation System fortheidentification oftheEnterobacteriaceae iswellrecorded (Hansen etal., 1974; Kiehnetal., 1974; Finklea etal., 1976). Thesystem hasalsobeensucessfully employed fortheidentification ofanaerobic bacteria (Hansen andStewart, 1976; Stargel etal., 1976). We therefore decided to runa short trial ontheidentification ofviridans streptococci onthis system. Material andmethods STREPTOCOCCI TESTED Twohundred andtwenty-seven strains ofviridans

Sealing of joint of waterproof sheets

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prevent leak of water through the joint of waterproof sheets made of vulcanized rubber, by sealing the joint with a specific cold-curing pressure-sensitive adhesive mainly composed of an olefin terpolymer. CONSTITUTION:Joint of water proof sheets of vulcanized rubber is sealed with a curable pressure-sensitive adhesive composed of (A) 100 parts by weight of a rubbery polymer containing >= 50 wt% of an olefin terpolymer composed of ethylene, an alpha-olefin, and non-conjugated double bonds, (B) 10-50 parts of a tackifier suchd as rosin, petroleum resin, etc., (C) 80-200 parts of a softener such as liquid paraffin, polybutene, etc., (D) 0.1-20 parts of a vulcanizing agent comprising one or more peroxides selected from hydrogen peroxide, ketone peroxide, and hydroperoxides, and (E) 0.05-5 parts of a vulcanisation assistant and a vulcanisation accelerator.

Resin composition for plating with good heattcycle properties and plated articles

Abstract: PURPOSE:A graft polymer made from a diene rubber, aromatic vinyl and vinyl cyanide monomers along with a organosilicon compound and a lubricant are kneaded to produce title composition with improved processability and releasing properties without adverse effect on the impact strength. CONSTITUTION:A composition is kneaded that comprises (A) 5 - 95 parts by wt of a polymer prepared by grafting 10 - 90% of an aromatic vinyl monomer, preferably styrene, and 5 - 50% of a vinyl cyanide, preferably acrylonitrile, onto 5 - 80% of a conjugated diene rubber, preferably polybutadiene, through emulsion polymerization, (B)95 - 5 parts of a copolymer preferably with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.4 - 0.8 that is composed of 40 - 90% of an aromatic vinyl monomer and 60 - 10% of a vinyl cyanide, (C) 0.05 - 3 parts of an organosilicon compound of the formula (R1 - R4 are alkyls), preferably with a viscosity of 10 - 10 cps and (D) 0.005 - 3.0 parts of a lubricant selected from liquid paraffin and others.

Cold curing pressureesensitive adhesive

Abstract: PURPOSE:To provide a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition composed of a rubbery polymer mainly composed of an olefin terpolymer, and a tackifier, softener, peroxide, etc., and having high creep resistance, stable adhesive strength at high temperature, and curable uniformly from the surface to the center even at a low temperature. CONSTITUTION:A cold curing pressure-sensitive adhesive composition composed of (A) 100 parts by weight of a rubbery polymer composed mainly of an olefin terpolymer consisting of ethylene, an alpha-olefin (e.g. propylene) and a polyene monomer having non-conjugated double bonds (e.g. dicyclopentadiene), (B) 5-50 parts of a tackifier such as rosin, petroleum resin, etc., (C) 50-150 parts of a softener (e.g. process oil, liquid paraffin, etc.) (D) 1-10 parts of a peroxide vulcanizing agent selected from hydroperoxides, ketone peroxides and hydrogen peroxide, (E) 5-30 parts of a vulcanization agent or accelerator, e.g. a reducing agent such as ferrous chloride, and if necessary, (F) a filler.

Polyolefin film with excellent antiifogging properties

Abstract: PURPOSE:To manufacture the title film inhibiting dew condensation even under a condition with fairly large temperature difference leading to exhibition of anti- fogging effect in a short time, along with little deterioration at the heat-sealed part, by incorporating a polyolefin with a mixture consisting of liquid paraffin and a glyceride. CONSTITUTION:A polyolefin is incorporated with 0.03 wt. % of a mixture consisting of (1) a glyceride and liquid paraffin or (2) a sorbiton ester of fatty acid and liquid paraffin. Especially, the former is effective for polyethylene, and the latter for polypropylene. The time for exhibiting the anti-fogging effect can be controlled with variation of the content of said mixture (anti-fogging agent). USE:Useful as the packaging films for foods to be displayed in refrigerating show- cases.

Preparation of plaster (application)

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a plaster (application) without allergy or a pain on peeling, by coating or spreading a substrate with a mixture comprising a plaster base, a specific synthetic high polymer, low-density polyethylene etc. as a modifier, a softener, a tackifier resin and a filler. CONSTITUTION: A substrate is coated or spread with a mixture comprising (A) a plaster base selected from SIS (Cariflex TR1107, Shell Chemical Corp.) SBS (Cariflex TR1101, Shell Chemical Corp.), and a modified copolymer prepared by grafting methyl methacrylate onto SIS or SBS, (B) a modifier selected from low- density polyethylene (PE), polyisobutylene and PE-ethyl acrylate, (C) liquid paraffin, (D) a tackifier resin and (E) a filler to give a plaster (or application). The amounts of (A) and (B) are preferably 20W35wt% and 1W10wt% respectively. The disadvantage of a plaster based on raw rubber can be corrected by the present product. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio

Halogenncontaining resin composition

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare a halogen-containing resin composition having excellent heat stability, first discoloration resistance, water resistance, and moldability, and high dispersibility and compatibility of stabilizing components, by adding basic magnesium carbonate, an organic alkaline earth metal salt, dipentaerythrithol, etc, to a base resin CONSTITUTION:The title composition is prepared by the hot blending of (A) 100 parts by weight of a halogen-containing resin, (B) 01-25 parts of basic magnesium carbonate of formula, (C) 01-5 parts of an organic acid salt of an alkaline earth metal (Ca, Mg, Ba or Sr) or zinc, (D) 1-5 parts of dipentaerythrithol, (E) 01-10 parts of lubricant (pref liquid paraffin, etc) (F) 0-20 parts of fillers selected from calcium carbonate, clay, titanium oxide, and carbon black Addition of anorganic phosphorous acid ester improves tht heat resistance of the composition

Flush medium of emulsion base and night soil treating apparatus using this

Abstract: PURPOSE: To achieve saving of energy resources by cyclically reusing the flush medium removed from the night soil discharged into stools after it has been washed by using the emulsion liquid containing liquid paraffin, as the flush medium for sending said night soil into a separating tank. CONSTITUTION: The flush medium comprising the emulsion liquid is prepared by dissolving about 0.5W5wt% surface active agent (e.g.; sorbitan monooleate) soluble in liquid paraffin into the liquid paraffin then adding 1W10wt% water into this liquid and emulsifying the same. Next, the night soil discharged into a stool 1 is mixed together with said flush medium 2 and the mixture is sent via a diffuser 9 into a separating tank 4, where the medium 2 of specific gravity lighter than 1.0 is easily separated from the night soil and the mixture is separated into the medium 2 in the upper part and the night soil layer in the lower part. Only the medium 2 is then successively overflown to a settling tank 5 and a regenerative activating tank 8 and is mixed into the medium 2 having been purified or fortified by a regenerating device 22. It is then press-fed by a circulating pump 14 and is recirculated into a flush tank 2 whereby it is reused. COPYRIGHT: (C)1981,JPO&Japio

Biopharmaceutical studies on the effect of some topical vehicles on human skin.

Abstract: The effects of some essential vehicles in cosmetics or topical preparations for transepidermal water loss (TWL) and skin surface lipids were investigated on human skin in relation to their physicochemical properties. The test vehicles were isopropyl myristate (IPM), liquid paraffin 70cs (LPC70) and glycerol. The results revealed newer biopharmaceutical aspects concerning the mode of vehicles against skin surface as follows. 1) The degree of occlusive effect for TWL in the closed experimental system was graded in the following order : glycerol>LPC70>IPM. 2) The removal effect for sebaceous squalene and epidermal cholesterol was found to be in the following order : IPM>LPC70>glycerol. 3) The occlusive effect of vehicles on TWL was suggested to be inversely related to the removal effect of vehicles for skin surface lipids. 4) Vehicle viscosity seemed to be one of the physicochemical regulating factors for occlusive nature of vehicles against TWL. 5) The in vitro water loss test seemed to be meaningful for a better understanding of the vehicle effect on TWL. 6) The importance of the removal effect on epidermal cholesterol that reflected TWL increase was suggested in the evaluation of vehicles against human skin surface barrier properties.

Studies on the Keeping Interior Quality of Chicken Eggs

Abstract: From the food hygienic point of view, we have investigated on the problems of lipid peroxidation and migration into edible part (albumen and yolk) of edible vegetable oils coated to egg shell.The peroxide values were measured colorimetrically for lipids from shell with shell membrane and the edible part of eggs coated with five kinds of edible vegetable oils, which were prepared from a palm oil and a safflower oil which were subjected to fractional distillation, and from a coconut oil, as three kinds of a palm oil and safflower oil mixtures supplemented with 0, 150, and 300ppm of α-tocopherol, a coconut oil, and a palm oil, coconut oil and safflower oil mixture. The coated and uncoated eggs were held in a box at a room (temperature: 25-31°C; relative humidity: 60-93%) for 5 weeks in summer, and the peroxide values were determined weekly. The peroxide values of lipids from shell with shell membrane of the coated eggs ranged from 1.3 to 6.7meq/kg among the five kinds of oils used through storage period for 5 weeks. The corresponding figures for the edible parts gave less than 0.4meq/kg, while the edible part from the coated eggs tended to have peroxide value a slightly higher than that from the uncoated eggs from 2nd week through 5th week, with the latter remaining at about 0.1meq/kg.The migration amount of the palm oil and safflower oil mixture, which has a radioactivity of 2, 890cpm of carboxyl-14C-tripalmitin per mg, into the edible part have been investigated next. The coated eggs were held in a room (temperature: 14-28°C) for 60 days in early summer, and the respective radioactivities for the portions of egg shell, shell membrane and edible part (albumen and yolk) were measured. The migration amount of carboxyl-14C-tripalmitin into the edible part ranged from 0.07 to 0.39% of the amount (about 52mg) used for coating egg shell, but most of the radioactivity remained in egg shell and shell membrane. The obtained migration amounts of carboxyl-14C-tripalmitin in this experimnent were found to be about one-twentieth to one-tenth of the migration amount for mineral oil (liquid paraffin) reported in the literatures.

Preparation of citronellic acid

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obatin the title compound, which is a perfume and an antibacterial, in high yield in a short period by the oxidative dehydrogenation of citronellol or citronellal, using a small amount of Cu-Zn or Cu-Cr catalyst CONSTITUTION:An optically active citronellic acid is prepared by the oxidative dehydrogenation of optically active citronellol, citronellal, or their mixture in the presence of a solvent, eg liquid paraffin and NaOH at 200-250 degC, preferably 230 degC, under atmospheric pressure using Cu-Zn or Cu-Cr catalyst in an amount of 05-5wt% of the starting material The reaction is completed within 2-3hr NaOH is used in an amount of 1-15 molsper mol of the starting material; the solvent, 05-3 parts per part of the starting material

Waterrinnoil type emulsion of waterrsoluble vinyl polymer

Abstract: PURPOSE:A water-in-oil type emulsion of water-soluble vinyl polymer having improved stability with time, comprising a specific water-insoluble organic compound and a nonionic surfactant in combination CONSTITUTION:(A) 10-70 wt% of a water-sluble vinyl polymer, eg 2-(meth) acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride, is incorporated with (B) 10-40 wt% water, (C) 20-50 wt% of a hydrocarbon liquid, eg isoparaffin, such as Isop ar, IP soluvent, etc, and liquid paraffin, (D) 1-30 wt% a nonionic surfactant, such as a higher alcohol adduct having an HLB of 7-13, and (E) 01-10 wt% of an organic compound having one or more polar groups capable of hydrogen bonding, and a water-solubility<=01% A 9-30c aliphatic primary alcohol, eg decyl, oleyl alcohols, etc is most suited to the organic compound

Migration of surface cells at the early developmental stages of a spider embryo.

Abstract: Using the early embryos of Agelena opulenta, the cell migration along the surface of the embryo was examined. It was especially investigated whether the cells migrated inward through the central region of the germ disc. The central region of the germ disc is generally called blastopore or primitive groove. The embryos were immersed into liquid paraffin and were filmed one frame per two minutes with a 16mm cinemicrographic apparatus attatched on a compound microscope. The cell migration was analyzed in detail on the cinefilms. The cells being distributed along the area to a little upper of the equator at the stage of germ disc formation were observed migrating towards the germ disc during the early development. When those cells arrived at the margin of the germ disc they further migrate towards the blastopore moving over the germ disc, then at the blastopore these cells disappeared among the cells of the germ disc. Probably the cells migrated inwards penetrating the cell layer of the germ disc at the blastopore. During this migration most of the cells divided once. The inward cell migration at the blastopore was clearly perceived on the film at the stage when the posterior cumulus started its migration toward the equator.

Effect ofdissolved gases, organicadditives andfield configuration onco-field motion ininsulating oils

Abstract: The effect of dissolvedgases (02,air and N2) and a wide range of concentrationof organic additives (quinoline, toluene and naphthalene)on the electrohydrodynamichead due to co-field motion in transformeroil and liquid paraffin has been measured fof both uniformand nonuniformfields using direct voltages. The effect of gap length on the head was also examined. The results indicate that all the dissolvedgases investigatedas well as toluene and napthalene reduced the developedhead, whereas quinoline increased the head. With a highly nonuniform fieldthe effect of 02 and toluene was found to be strongly dependent on the polarity of the point electrode.