Showing papers on "Logotherapy published in 2020"

Existential positive psychology and integrative meaning therapy

Abstract: The unprecedented changes in our society because of COVID-19 and the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) shows that our healthcare system and the medical approach to psychotherapy can no longer meet the mental health needs of society. This paper first described the negative impact of COVID-19 and 4IR on our mental health. Then, following a brief critique of the medical model, this paper proposes that the future of psychotherapy needs to be based on the more inclusive and integrative framework of existential positive psychology (PP 2.0), which emphasizes flourishing through suffering. Finally, the paper emphasizes Viktor Frankl's cure and Wong's integrative meaning therapy. It concludes that integrative meaning therapy represents the future of psychotherapy, because it is situated in the area of interactions of at least three traditions: Clinical psychology, existential psychology, and positive psychology. This integrative model is holistic, recognising humans as bio-psycho-social-spiritual beings and considers several theoretical perspectives in both diagnosis and treatment.

Faith and spirituality in the meaning of life of the elderly with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Abstract: Objective: to understand faith and spirituality in the meaning of life of the elderly with Chronic Kidney Disease. Methods: a qualitative research based on Viktor Emil Frankl’s Logotherapy and Existential Analysis. Twenty elderly people were interviewed between August 2018 and January 2019, between 60 and 79 years old, who underwent dialysis in a private unit, a reference in nephrology in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Results: two categories of analysis emerged: Meaning of faith in the lived of the elderly with Chronic Kidney Disease; Faith as a forerunner of the meaning of life. Final considerations: faith and spirituality were understood as a fundamental foundation in the search for the meaning of the study participants’ lives, besides unveiling itself as an important strategy of resilience to the experienced of the elderly person with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Foundations and Applications of Logotherapy to Improve Mental Health of Immigrant Populations in the Third Millennium.

Abstract: Although migration is a natural phenomenon, a number of special conditions of this third millennium result in a rising number of populations exposed, worldwide, to the impact of risk factors for mental health associated to immigration and asylum. In this scenario, the vulnerability to distress and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety disorders and PTSD is increased in these immigrant populations due to the severity of traumatic experiences while struggling in their attempts to reach their destinations but also a poor capacity of immigrant/host to handle the situation once there. The risk for psychological and mental health problems worse with time, failure of expectancies, lack of knowledge of resources or lack of support, among other difficulties. Here, we analyzed the foundations and applications of logotherapy on immigrant mental health problems, showing the benefits that ‘finding meaning and purpose in live’ can have in these populations. Thus, among the interventions that urge to reduce depression and anxiety symptoms among older adult immigrants, we propose three logotherapy techniques, namely, paradoxical intention, dereflection and Socratic dialogue. After development and adaptation to the specific scenarios (populations/ destinations) these logotherapy techniques can have a huge potential to become effective therapeutic strategies improving the mental health of the current immigrant populations facing misfortune in the Third Millennium (Figure 1).

Effectiveness of group logo-therapy program on existential anxiety among patients with metabolic syndrome

Abstract: Metabolic syndrome is one of the most common diseases both in Iran and in the world, which has been widely reported to be associated with anxiety and distress in the metabolic syndrome group. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of an educational group logotherapy on existential anxiety in patients with metabolic syndrome. This study was a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group. The study population consisted of adult women aged between 25 to 60 years old with Metabolic Syndrome that referred to the health center of Semnan County in 2018. The sample included 30 (15 for each group) patients with Metabolic Syndrome who were selected as an available and randomly recruits to each of the groups. Then, the participants in the experimental group participated in 10 sessions of 90 min of Group Logo-Therapy Program, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The instrument for gathering data was the Existential Anxiety Questionnaire. To analyze the data, SPSS.v21 software and statistical tests such as MANCOVA and paired t-test were applied. The results indicated that the group logo-therapy program had a statistically significant impact on components of meaning anxiety and death anxiety, but no difference between control and experimental group in term of loneliness anxiety and responsive anxiety was observed. Also, the results indicated that there was stability at the follow-up stage for death anxiety and loneliness anxiety. According to the results, the group logic training program has been effective in changing some of the variable dimensions of existential anxiety and has increased the ability of individuals to face logic and consequently responsibility for life. And, considering the transient existence of the world in place of insecurity and isolation, it calls for human effort and activity, so it is recommended to use this intervention for people with existential anxiety.

The effect of Islamic semanticism on self-reporting and lifestyles of mothers of adolescents with thalassemia.

Abstract: Background Thalassemia is the most common chronic hereditary disease in the world. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of logotherapy on the level of resilience of mothers of children with thalassemia major. Methods The statistical population of this study included all mothers with children with thalassemia major in Gonbad-e-Qabus. After selecting eligible samples, each sample was given a number and the number was put into a non-transparent envelope. The samples were assured that numbering and placement in one of two groups were completely random and 60 mothers were selected using available sampling. The research tool used was the Kollahen Brief Self-reporting Questionnaire. For the experimental group, eight sessions of 90 min of logotherapy training were performed. For both groups, pre-test and post-test were performed. The confidentiality of the data of the research samples was assured. Data were gathered. Finally, the information was analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Results The results showed that the mean of the resilience of the experimental group was 28/16 ± 8/63 in the pre-test to was 24/76 ± 6/4 in the post-test. The result of paired t-test analysis showed that after eliminating the effect of the pre-test, the mean scores of the post-test of the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0/01, t = 18/4). Conclusion This study shows that logotherapy for mothers with children with thalassemia is useful and it is effective in increasing the resilience of mothers.

The efficacy of group logotherapy on community‐dwelling older adults with depressive symptoms: A mixed methods study

Abstract: Purpose This mixed-methods study evaluated a group logotherapy program's efficacy on Korean older adults with depressive symptoms. Design and methods An intervention group (n = 23) participated in eight sessions of group logotherapy; a control group (n = 21) received the usual care. Participants completed the pretest, posttest, and 4-week follow-up questionnaires. Ten participants also had focus group or individual interviews. Findings A linear mixed model showed significant differences between groups in terms of changes in purpose in life, depression, self-esteem, and quality of life over time. These quantitative findings were supported and enriched by qualitative data.

Psycho-social Impact Psychological Concerns and Interventions "Academic Stress among College students during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown"

Abstract: During Lockdown situation, mostly in the college students, common feelings are fear of death, fear of being isolated, sense of meaninglessness, Anxiety have been observed Moreover, the present Lockdown situation has shot up the Academic stress levels among college students where they are clueless about what to do next The concept of Logotherapy can be very useful in alleviating the symptoms of Stress and Anxiety during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown period From a logotherapy perspective, it can be argued that meaning is an unconditional 'potentiality ' A low sense of meaning among students in the present crisis can lead to 'existential frustration' and/or the 'existential vacuum' (Frankl, 1978;Makola, 2007) thus inhibiting the pursuit of meaningful life The Narrative literature review was conducted in order to, find the management solution for reducing Academic stress among college students By Critically evaluating the literature surrounding Logotherapy, some analysis was done Though, there is a dearth of literature and evidences in context of Logotherapy effectiveness in reducing the Academic stress of students, yet it lays down the foundation for empirical studies to be conducted in future Moreover, a Logotherapy-based Psycho-educational model (Conceptual Framework) could be taken into consideration

Implementing Logotherapy in Its Second Half-Century: Incorporating Existential Considerations Into Personalized Treatment of Adolescent Depression.

Abstract: Although biological processes have been directly targeted to substantial advantage in effective treatments for major depression, the evidence base for addressing potential "existential" contributions to depressive syndromes has lagged behind that related to other tractable mediators of the condition, such as cognitive bias, nonadaptive learned behavior, and variation in monoamine neurotransmission. Whether the experience of existential conflict is a cause or an effect of these phenomena is incompletely understood. Here, we provide a clinical update on knowledge surrounding a psychotherapeutic tradition that addresses existential issues but has not consistently been invoked in contemporary approaches to adolescent depression, and we consider whether the evolution of this approach, in concert with parallel advances in positive psychology, is nearing readiness for more systematic implementation in the treatment of adolescent depression. The goal of this article is to briefly summarize the state of the literature on logotherapy and to consider ways in which its implementation might be incorporated to advantage in the approach to treating adolescent depression.

The concept "sinn des lebens" in philosophy and psychology

Abstract: Purpose. The paper considered the explication of the concept of "Sinn des Lebens" within the framework of Western philosophy and psychology of the ХІХ-ХХІ centuries. On the basis of this, the role of this concept in contemporary theoretical discussions and psychological and psychotherapeutic practices is understood. Theoretical basis. The authors believe that understanding the concept of "Sinn des Lebens" is possible only based on the synthesis of modern analytical philosophy methods with the methodological guidelines of modern psychology, in particular logotherapy. Originality . The authors have proved that the problem of "meaning of life" is not an "eternal problem" of philosophy, but arises only in the early nineteenth century as a reflection on European secularization and widespread individualistic values and becomes extremely relevant gaining different interpretations at the beginning of the twentieth century based on the crisis of the sensory values of modern man. Conclusions. The concept of "Sinn des Lebens" originated in the philosophy of the German Romantics and gained philosophical significance only in the works by Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche. Russian philosophy and literature (especially L. Tolstoy) give priority to the meaning of life in ethical and anthropological studies, focusing on its religious intentions. Analytical philosophy and existentialism appear to be diametrically opposed to the life-purpose anthropological problems, but they attempt to solve this problem by understanding the absurdity of human existence and language from different angles of view. The most reasonable concept of meaning in psychology can be considered Frankl’s logotherapy, which, despite certain drawbacks, remains the most significant in modern Western psychology. Modern philosophical studies on the problems of the meaning of life, despite their prudent analyticity and systematic nature, have not found credible criteria and means of human life self-reflection yet and have further incentives to develop their methodological and philosophical considerations. However, the diversity of interpretations of the concept of "meaning of life" that exists in modern scientific literature needs further reflection.

Effect Of Logotherapy On Academic Stress Of Senior Secondary School Students

Abstract: This study examined the effect of Logotherapy on the academic stress of Senior Secondary School students. An experimental design using purposive and random sampling methods were used to conduct the study. The sample population consists of one hundred and twenty (120) Senior Secondary School students of OCAC College, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria. The research instrument; a self-developed and validated inventory (Academic Stress Inventory-ASI) was administered and students’ scores determined their assigned group before and after the therapy. The data for the study were analysed using t-test and one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result of the data analysis revealed that Logotherapy was effective in reducing the academic stress of Senior Secondary School students without the interference of gender, religion and course of study. Based on the findings, it is evident that psychotherapeutic services in Schools are beneficial.

Literature Review on Logotherapy

Abstract: This article is a literature review on logotherapy developed by Viktor Frankl following the years of World War II. Firstly, background information of logotherapy is introduced. Afterwards, philosophical background of logotherapy is discussed. Then, effectiveness of group logotherapy based on researches conducted at last 10 years was presented. Finally, techniques and structures of group logotherapy were given.

Comparison of the effectiveness of two mindfulness and logotherapy methods on anxiety index in chronic daily headache of women with marital conflict: A clinical trial study

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Anxiety is considered as the most common psychiatric disorder and the most common response to stress stimuli. Women with marital conflict experience a significant level of anxiety, which can have an adverse effect on other psychological and, in general, quality of life. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of two mindfulness and logotherapy methods on anxiety in women with chronic daily headache (CDH) with marital conflict. METHODS: In a randomized clinical trial (RCT), during April 2015 to July 2015, 45 female patients with marital conflict were selected from among the referrers to the psychiatric centers of Hamadan City, Iran, using a purposive sampling method and were assigned into two treatment and control groups through block randomization method. Two mindfulness and logotherapy methods were presented in the form of 8 weekly sessions to the participants of the experimental group and the control group merely received the routine treatments of the center. Evaluation of two anxiety and marital conflict indices was performed at two points before and after treatment. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and Shefeh test in the software environment of SPSS. RESULTS: The primary outcomes of the study showed that both mindfulness therapy and logotherapy were associated with a decrease in total anxiety scores (P < 0.0010). Secondary outcomes also showed that logotherapy had a significant effect in reducing apparent anxiety (P < 0.0010) and hidden anxiety (P < 0.0040) compared to mindfulness therapy. CONCLUSION: The results of this study, consistent with the research background, suggest that both mindfulness therapy and logotherapy are effective in reducing anxiety syndrome in women. However, the logotherapy was associated with more favorable therapeutic outcomes. These findings can have clinical applications in the context of family interventions.

The Effect of Logic Therapy Combined with Quran Recitation and Prayer on Depression Symptoms in Women with Major Depressive Disorder

Abstract: Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population included all women with depressive disorder in Qom in 2017. The sample population consisted of 30 women with major depressive disorder (15 for each group) and the participants were selected on a voluntary basis. They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instrument used for gathering data was Beck depression Inventory. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interest. Results: In terms of severity of depressive symptoms, the mean scores for the experimental and control groups at the pretest stage were 35.80 and 33.60, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean scores were 19.86 for the experimental group and 32.46 for the control group. The level of depression remained unchanged in the control group but decreased in the experimental group at the post-test phase following the intervention, which was statistically significant (P<0.001).

An Existential Analysis of the Human Condition

Abstract: Our capacities of thought and choice beset us with many questions. We find that we are evaluating creatures; that we uncannily have a sense of what is right and pleasing, and wrong and horrifying in life. In this chapter, the reader is challenged to consider this reality by way of reflective thought about the prime and fundamental aspects of logotherapy, namely, self-transcendence as the essence of human existence; conscience as a moral compass in evaluating and judging actions or events as either life-enhancing and meaningful or life-destructive and meaningless; Frankl’s concept of the Unconscious God as a deep sense of being accountable before something or Someone other than ourselves; the meaning of meaning as the attitude, choice or action that is required of us in each and every situation of life; entering into meaningful dialogue with life in creatively making our personal contributions to the betterment of the lives of others (the creative values); becoming appreciatively responsive to all that is good, true and beautiful about life (the experiential values); and courageously taking a stand and having the right attitude in the face of the tragic situations we face in life (the attitudinal values). The reader is brought under the strong impression of the truth of Frankl’s statement that what man is, he is not yet, but ought to be and should become.

The Effect of Logotherapy Oriented Group Counseling on Post-Traumatic Embitterment Disorder

Abstract: The basic aim of this study is to examine effect of logotherapy oriented group counseling application on post-traumatic embitterment disorder. The study was carried out by experimental design because it is aimed to determine cause-effect relationship between independent variable (Logotherapy oriented group counseling) and dependent variable (Post-Traumatic Embitterment Disorder). The design of the study is the pretest-posttest control group design from true experimental designs. Participants are 22 university students whose post-traumatic embitterment disorder symptoms levels were high. It is randomly assigned that which participant will be in the experimental or control group. Each group was formed from 11 university students. Data had been collected by Post-Traumatic Embitterment Disorder Scale. While experimental group was applied Logotherapy oriented group counseling for ten weeks, any treatment program applied to control group. The same scale was applied three times for pre-experimental, post-experimental, and follow up processes. Data were analyzed by SPSS package program. According to findings of the research, Logotherapy oriented group counseling has effect on reducing the post-traumatic embitterment disorder symptoms. Findings were discussed by associating with the related literature and suggestions were made in consideration of findings.

Cognitive Therapy and Logotherapy on Depression of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract: Introduction : Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a severe health disorder that causes physical problems and psychosocial effects. Depression and anxiety are the most common psychosocial problems experienced by people with DM. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of cognitive therapy and logotherapy on and anxiety in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Methods : A quasi-experimental design has been conducted for the study at a hospital in Jambi Province. The total sample of 90 respondents with a consecutive sampling method. The independent variables are cognitive therapy and logotherapy, while the dependent variables are depression and anxiety. Data were analyzed by paired sample t-test and ANOVA. Results : The results showed that cognitive therapy and logotherapy could reduce depression more than giving cognitive therapy alone with a p-value of 0.0005. Conclusions : Cognitive therapy and logotherapy can be standard therapy in dealing with patients with psychosocial problems.

Logotherapy to Mitigate the Harmful Psychological Effects of Current Events: A Tool for Nurses

Abstract: Evidence suggests that political or current events can have adverse effects on mental health. Since the 2016 election, many mental health professionals have also noted a surge among Americans who associate their mental health symptoms with current events. It is therefore possible that when nurses speak with patients, discussions of current events will arise. Logotherapy is introduced as a tool that can help facilitate these discussions and a way that nurses might assist patients who are adversely affected by current events. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(4), 38-42.].

Meaning of life three amazing things about you and 728 hari

Abstract: This thesis entitled "Meaning of Life on the Leading Character in Mansell’s Three Amazing Things about You and Oesman’s 728 Hari : A Comparative Literature Analysis " This thesis discusses about meaning of life that can be seen by three areas of activity There are two problems that focused in this thesis; meaning of life portrayed in the novel Three Amazing Things about You by Jill Mansell and 728 Hari by Djono W Oesman and the similarities and the differences of meaning of life portrayed in the both of the novels The method of research that is used in this thesis is qualitative method Both of the novels are the primary source of data by using theory logotherapy by Viktor Emil Frankl and theory comparative literature which is will be compare in this study The purpose of this thesis is to find out how meaning of life and how the similarities and the differences of meaning of life are portrayed in the both of the novels From this research it is found that meaning of life can be prove from three areas of activity that potentially contain values, they are, creative values, experiential values and attitudinal values that portrayed in both of novels Keywords: meaning of life, comparative, literature

Sense of life, existential psychotherapy and COVID-19

Abstract: In the modern theory and practice of consulting the search for the meaning of life, prevention, and treatment ("intellectual vaccination"), the existential direction is not represented at all, although its need is obvious and has the right to life. Existential crises can be based on death, serious illness, transitional periods - positive and negative in personal life and professional activity, making irreversible decisions, sudden isolation, searching for the meaning of life, and all this, which is already becoming, we hope, a temporary basis - this is COVID 19. The main content of existentialism testifies that it is indeed one of the most worldly, personality-oriented directions of modern psychological science, which seeks to explain the essence of man in indissoluble unity with all the structures of its existence. Existential psychotherapy - psychological assistance based on the mind, respect, and active knowledge of the therapist of all the features and aspects of the individual being (existence) of the patient's personality, without the intention to find out the pathological or ineffective characteristics of his life, behavior, and activity. The humanistic potential is significant, which affirms a person as a self-sufficient person. The authors gave examples of the application of the method of existential psychotherapy in the rehabilitation of patients with postcovid syndrome and other pathological conditions.Analyzing the thoughts and actions of our patients, we have in practice received confirmation of the scientific works of scientists dealing with the problem under study. Promising areas can also be considered the creation of the school "Existential psychotherapy in the rehabilitation of patients with post-coid syndrome", the holding of a conference on the topic "Existential psychotherapy in the development and rehabilitation of recovering from COVID-19", the opening of a "humanitarian vaccination room" and others.Taking into account modern trends in society, existential psychotherapy has a great future in the cognitive, therapeutic areas, as well as in the rehabilitation of sick and post-sighted convalescents.Separately, it should be noted that all the data they use in this article is given taking into account the time frame until February 14, 2021.

What Is Logotherapy

Abstract: In answering the question set as the heading of this chapter, the reader is first of all provided with the basic tenets of logotherapy, namely, that as human beings we have freedom of will, an inherent will to find meaning in our lives and that the meaning we are searching for is there to be found. How are these fundamental human yearnings challenged by suffering and disaster; how free do we feel in the face of the pain and tragedies that we experience in our own lives; what do we make of the meaning of life in the face of so much evil and violence, sufferings and disasters that we witness in the world around us? What about Frankl’s own life? How did he manage to survive his internment in Nazi concentration and death camps and come out of it with the belief that life still holds meaning?

Self-Logotherapy, Mindfulness Meditation, Terror Management Theory, the Coronavirus Pandemic, and the Trump Presidency

Abstract: In this article the relationships between self-logotherapy, mindfulness meditation, terror management theory, the coronavirus pandemic, and the Trump presidency are described through the lens of various authors, supplemented by a relevant personal experience of the present author. The conclusion is that self logotherapy and mindfulness meditation are potentially powerful and effective tools to constructively deal with the terror management consequences of both the coronavirus pandemic and the Trump presidency.

Revisión sistemática de artículos sobre biblioterapia y el sentido de la vida

Abstract: Bibliotherapy lays its foundations on Logotherapy, which poses it as an orderly technique around a potentially therapeutic resource that is the book and, by extension, any written letter that encloses a convening content for the person who receives it, This therapeutic instrument can be applied very well in patients individually as in populations suffering from noogenic neurosis helping to find the sense of life in vulnerable communities such as inmates institutions, such as prisons or nursing homes. From these ideas, a review of the literature available to date was carried out in the databases REDIB, DOAJ, Redalyc, SciELO, Dialnet and Regional Portal in Health Pan American Health Organization. All the studies reviewed in this paper provide evidence on the effectiveness of Bibliotherapy as a therapeutic resource for finding the meaning of life for vulnerable communities.

The effect of group logotherapy on the life expectancy of cancer patients in the north of Iran: a quasi-experimental study

Abstract: Introduction: Cancer as a formidable diagnosis causes the loss of life expectancy in patients. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of logotherapy on the life expectancy of cancer patients in the 5th Azar Hospital of Gorgan, Iran. Material and methods: This quasi-experimental study with two groups (intervention group and control group) was conducted on 40 cancer patients referred to Gorgan’s 5 Azar hospital in Golestan province in the north of Iran from 1 March 2019 to 1 December 2019. The samples were selected by simple random sampling method. The Snyder’s Hope Scale (AHS) was used for data collection. In the logotherapy group, eight 60–90 minute-long sessions were performed in 4 groups included 5 participants. The data were analyzed by SPSS-16 statistical software using descriptive statistics (mean table and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired t-test and ANOVA test). Results: The result of the paired t-test showed no significant difference before and after the intervention in the control group (p = 0.67), but this test showed a significant difference in the intervention group before and after the intervention (p = 0.01). The ANOVA test also showed a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of logotherapy on increasing the life expectancy of cancer people, it is recommended that relevant authorities should try to use this low-cost method to address the problems related to the meaning of life and life expectancy in cancer patients, and change the attitude of patients towards life expectancy.

Efektifitas logoterapi medical ministry terhadap motivasi pasien hemodialisa dengan harga diri rendah di rumah sakit di kota padang

Abstract: Hemodialysis is procedure that conducted for End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patient . This will lead to changes in the life of the patient such as psychosocial changes : low self-esteem, which can resulting in decreased motivation. This research aims to investigate the influence of logotherapy medical ministry on motivation on hemodialysis patients with low self-esteem in Padang City. Design used in this research is "Quasy Experimental Pre-Post Test With Control Group." Sample the number of was 86 respondents, consisting of 43 respondents for the intervention group and 43 respondents for the control group with consecutive sampling.The result shows the influence of logotherapy medical ministry on motivation after logotheraphy of medical ministry to the intervention group. In groups control showed no effect of logotherapy of medical ministry on motivation. It is recomended that hemodialysis with low self- asteem patient need to have specialist logotherapy of medical ministry.

Why Does Logotherapy Work? The Transformational Power of Meaning

Abstract: Readers are asked how they would have responded if, in therapy with me, I have used the kind of methods and techniques discussed in the previous chapter. Would it have had a transformational effect on them; have been a life-changing experience for them? If we are being plugged into what really matters in our lives, the invigorating power of meaning can be expected to flow through us! Readers who are psychotherapists or counselors, would be very much aware that, throughout this book, two orientations are in question: the purely psychological approach of psychotherapy and the essentially spiritual approach of logotherapy. Psychotherapy, as the name indicates, deals with the psyche, the effort to restore psychological equilibrium through emotional need-satisfaction. Logotherapy, as the name indicates, seeks to evoke and illuminate the spiritual, the tension and will to find meaning in life. Frankl warns against placing the focus on psychological or emotional needs only. The approach in logotherapy is radically different. Not emotionality, but rather spirituality is the focus in logotherapy. The transformational power of meaning: a stepping out into life in an inspired and goal-directed way, is what is effected in Logotherapy.