Showing papers on "Mimosine published in 2016"

The Chemistry and Biological Activities of Mimosine: A Review

Abstract: Mimosine [β-[N-(3-hydroxy-4-oxypyridyl)]-α-aminopropionic acid] is a non-protein amino acid found in the members of Mimosoideae family There are a considerable number of reports available on the chemistry, methods for estimation, biosynthesis, regulation, and degradation of this secondary metabolite On the other hand, over the past years of active research, mimosine has been found to have various biological activities such as anti-cancer, antiinflammation, anti-fibrosis, anti-influenza, anti-virus, herbicidal and insecticidal activities, and others Mimosine is a leading compound of interest for use in the development of RAC/CDC42-activated kinase 1 (PAK1)-specific inhibitors for the treatment of various diseases/disorders, because PAK1 is not essential for the growth of normal cells Interestingly, the new roles of mimosine in malignant glioma treatment, regenerative dentistry, and phytoremediation are being emerged These identified properties indicate an exciting future for this amino acid The present review is focused on the chemistry and recognized biological activities of mimosine in an attempt to draw a link between these two characteristics Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Artepillin C and Other Herbal PAK1-blockers: Effects on Hair Cell Proliferation and Related PAK1-dependent Biological Function in Cell Culture

Abstract: PAK1 (RAC/CDC42-activated kinase 1) is the major oncogenic kinase, and a number of herbal PAK1-blockers such as propolis and curcumin have been shown to be anti-oncogenic and anti-melanogenic as well as anti-alopecia (promoting hair growth). Previously, we found several distinct PAK1-inhibitors in Okinawa plants including Alpinia zerumbet (alpinia). Thus, here, we tested the effects of these herbal compounds and their derivatives on the growth of cancer or normal hair cells, and melanogenesis in cell culture of A549 lung cancer, hair follicle dermal papilla cell, and B16F10 melanoma. Among these herbal PAK1-inhibitors, cucurbitacin I from bitter melon (Goya) turned out to be the most potent to inhibit the growth of human lung cancer cells with the IC50 around 140 nM and to promote the growth of hair cells with the effective dose around 10 nM. Hispidin, a metabolite of 5,6-dehydrokawain from alpinia, inhibited the growth of cancer cells with the IC50 of 25 μM as does artepillin C, the major anti-cancer ingredient in Brazilian green propolis. Mimosine tetrapeptides (MFWY, MFYY, and MFFY) and hispidin derivatives (H1-3) also exhibited a strong anti-cancer activity with the IC50 ranging from 16 to 30 μM. Mimosine tetrapeptides and hispidin derivatives strongly suppressed the melanogenesis in melanoma cells.

Isolation and characterization of mimosine, 3, 4 DHP and 2, 3 DHP degrading bacteria from a commercial rumen inoculum

Abstract: The presence of the toxic amino acid mimosine in Leucaena leucocephala restricts its use as a protein source for ruminants. Rumen bacteria degrade mimosine to 3,4- and 2,3-dihydroxypyridine (DHP), which remain toxic. Synergistes jonesii is believed to be the main bacterium responsible for degradation of these toxic compounds but other bacteria may also be involved. In this study, a commercial inoculum provided by the Queensland's Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Forestry was screened for isolation and characterization of mimosine, 3,4- and 2,3-DHP degrading bacterial strains. A new medium for screening of 2,3-DHP degrading bacteria was developed. Molecular and biochemical approaches used in this study revealed four bacterial isolates - Streptococcus lutetiensis, Clostridium butyricum, Lactobacillus vitulinus, and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens - to be able to completely degrade mimosine within 7 days of incubation. It was also observed that C. butyricum and L. vitulinus were able to partially degrade 2,3-DHP within 12 days of incubation, while S. lutetiensis, was able to fully degrade both 3,4 and 2,3 DHP. Collectively, we concluded that S. jonesii is not the sole bacterium responsible for detoxification of Leucaena. Comprehensive screening of rumen fluid of cattle grazing on Leucaena pastures is needed to identify additional mimosine-detoxifying bacteria and contribute to development of more effective inoculums to be used by farmers against Leucaena toxicity.

Isolation and biological activities of 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone

Abstract: 3-Hydroxy-4(4H)-pyridone (3,4-DHP), a degraded product of mimosine [β-[N-(3-hydroxy-4-oxypyridyl)]-α-aminopropionic acid], is known to cause goiters, loss of hair, and infertility in animals, but limits of 3,4-DHP on separation and purification have prevented efforts on investigating other toxicity and biological properties of 3,4-DHP. By this study, a novel and simple isolation of 3,4-DHP was developed either from Leucaena leaves using an ion-exchanged resin or mimosine degraded in high temperature (110°C, 6 h). The inhibition of mimosine on the growth of barnyardgrass was approximately fourfold higher (IC50 = 0.04 mg g−1) than that of 3,4-DHP (IC50 = 0.15 mg g−1). In general, the antifungal activity of mimosine is much stronger than that of 3,4-DHP, but it differs depending on the kind of fungi. The 1,1-diphyenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of 3,4-DHP, in contrast with the growth inhibitory activity, is about fourfold stronger [EC50 = 2.4 mg g−1 gallic acid equivalent (GA...

Heterologous Expression and Characterization of Mimosinase from Leucaena leucocephala

Abstract: Heterologous expression of eukaryotic genes in bacterial system is an important method in synthetic biology to characterize proteins. It is a widely used method, which can be sometimes quite challenging, as a number of factors that act along the path of expression of a transgene to mRNA, and mRNA to protein, can potentially affect the expression of a transgene in a heterologous system. Here, we describe a method for successful cloning and expression of mimosinase-encoding gene from Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) in E. coli as the heterologous host. Mimosinase is an important enzyme especially in the context of metabolic engineering of plant secondary metabolite as it catalyzes the degradation of mimosine, which is a toxic secondary metabolite found in all Leucaena and Mimosa species. We also describe the methods used for characterization of the recombinant mimosinase.

Isolation of Mimosine-Degrading Endophytic Bacteria from the Invasive Plant: Leucaena leucocephala

Abstract: .................................................................................................iii TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES..........................................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................vii CHAPTER 1.......................................................................................................

Mimosine suppresses the PGF2α-induced synthesis of osteoprotegerin but not interleukin-6 in osteoblasts.

Abstract: Mimosine, a plant amino acid, is known to act as a normoxic inducer of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Previous research has suggested that HIF plays important roles in angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling and bone metabolism. We previously reported that prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) induced osteoprotegerin synthesis through p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, p44/p42 MAP kinase and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. We have also demonstrated that PGF2α induced the synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6) via p38 MAP kinase and p44/p42 MAP kinase but not SAPK/JNK in these cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of mimosine on the PGF2α-induced synthesis of osteoprotegerin or IL-6 in MC3T3-E1 cells. We found that deferoxamine, another inducer of HIF, as well as mimosine, upregulated the protein levels of HIF-1α. Both mimosine and deferoxamine significantly suppressed the PGF2α-induced release of osteoprotegerin, and the mRNA expression level, without markedly affecting PGF2α-induced IL-6 release. Both mimosine and deferoxamine, by themselves, induced the release of vascular endothelial growth factor. The phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase, p44/p42 MAP kinase or SAPK/JNK induced by PGF2α was not markedly affected by either mimosine or deferoxamine. Thus, the results of the present study strongly suggest that mimosine, a normoxic inducer of HIF, inhibits the PGF2α‑induced osteoprotegerin synthesis without affecting the IL-6 synthesis in osteoblasts.

Cyclooxygenase inhibitor, nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase inhibitor and tyrosinase inhibitor that contain mimosine or derivative thereof

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide excellent inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, or tyrosinase.SOLUTION: A mimosine derivative is represented by the general formula (1) in the figure, where X represents an amino acid residue selected from the group consisting of L or D form phenylalanine (Phe), alanine (Ala), proline (ProP), valine (Val) and tryptophan (Trp)SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Mimosine derivative and insecticide, nematicidal agent and sunburn preventive containing the same

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a substance which is found among plant secondary metabolites and their derivatives and is usable as e.g. an insecticide for prevention of insect damage of crops by insects, etc.SOLUTION: Mimosine derivatives of formula (I) and an insecticide, a nematicidal agent and a whitening agent containing them as an effective ingredient are provided. In formula (I), A is a 1-amido-2-hydroxyalkyl group or alkyloxy-2-sulfsulfide 1,3,2-oxaazaphospholysin-4-yl group.