Showing papers on "Mineral absorption published in 2017"

Lotus Seed Resistant Starch Regulates Gut Microbiota and Increases Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production and Mineral Absorption in Mice.

Abstract: Lotus seed resistant starch, known as resistant starch type 3 (LRS3), was orally administered to mice to investigate its effects on the gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, and mineral absorption. The results showed that mice fed LRS3 displayed a lower level of gut bacterial diversity than other groups. The numbers of starch-utilizing and butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridium, respectively, in mice increased after the administration of medium and high doses of LRS3, while those of Rikenellaceae and Porphyromonadaceae decreased. Furthermore, SCFAs and lactic acid in mice feces were affected by LRS3, and lactate was fermented to butyrate by gut microbiota. LRS3 enhanced the intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and iron, and this was dependent on the type and concentration of SCFAs, especially butyrate. Thus, LRS3 promoted the production of SCFAs and mineral absorption by regulating gut micr...

The unresolved role of dietary fibers on mineral absorption.

Abstract: Dietary fiber is a complex nutritional concept whose definition and method of analysis has evolved over time. However, literature on the role of dietary fiber on mineral bioavailability has not followed pace. Although in vitro studies revealed mineral binding properties, both animal and human studies failed to show negative effects on mineral absorption, and even in some cases reported absorption enhancing properties. The existing literature suggests that dietary fibers have negative effects on mineral absorption in the gastrointestinal tract largely due to mineral binding or physical entrapment. However, colonic fermentation of dietary fibers may offset this negative effect by liberating bound minerals and promoting colonic absorption. However, existing studies are limited since they did not control for more potent mineral absorption inhibitors such as phytates and polyphenols. Animal studies have mostly been on rats and hence difficult to extrapolate to humans. Human studies have been mostly on healthy young men, who likely to have an adequate store of iron. The use of different types and amounts of fibers (isolated/added) with varying physiological and physicochemical properties makes it difficult to compare results. Future studies can make use of the opportunities offered by enzyme technologies to decipher the role of dietary fibers in mineral bioavailability.

A review phytic acid: As antinutrient or nutraceutical

Abstract: Phytic acid is a substance found in many types of plant foods, such as grains, legumes (including peanuts and soybeans), nuts, and seeds. It is the storage form of phosphorus, an important mineral used in the production of energy as well as the formation of structural elements like cell membranes (Jacela et al., 2010). These foods, are getting a bad reputation due to phytic acid content (Navert, et al,,1985) and its ability to bind to essential minerals such as iron, zinc, calcium, and magnesium in the digestive tract and inhibit their absorption by the body (Weaver &Kannan, 2002). Recent studies indicate despite being somewhat demonized for its ability to reduce mineral absorption, phytic acid actually has some potentially beneficial properties. On the plus side, phytic acid can act as antioxidant, exhibits anti-cancer properties, and may have a positive impact on cholesterol and blood sugar (Omni et al., 2004). Preparation methods can reduce the phytic acid content in food, as well as adjusting meal times and food choices (Sade., 2009), can help to have better mineral absorption.

Dietary Phytate and Interactions with Mineral Nutrients

Abstract: For decades phytate has been regarded as an antinutrient, as, during gastrointestinal passage, it may inhibit the absorption of some essential trace elements and minerals, which under certain dietary circumstances leads to calcium, iron and zinc deficiencies. In the last 25 years, however, important healthy beneficial properties of phytate have been observed (antioxidant, anticancer, renal stone prevention, etc.). In this chapter, the effects of phytate on mineral and trace element bioavailability are reported. From the available information it can be deduced that in balanced diets the inhibitory effects of phytate on mineral absorption are low, and little evidence exists from nutritional surveys that in well-nourished population groups,dietary phytate may really affect the status of iron, zinc and calcium. Under malnutrition and non-balanced diets, low in minerals and essential trace elements but high in phytate, however, the situation is different. Vulnerable groups in developing and developed countries, with inadequate intake or deficiencies of minerals and trace elements, need to increase total intake of these elements. This can be accomplishedvia the daily diet or improve their bioavailability, through modification of factors inhibiting or enhancing the bioavailability of the minerals and trace elements in the diet.

Eggshell fractions containing different particle sized affect mineral absorption but not bone mineral retention in growing rats

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the calcium (Ca) bioavailability from eggshell fractions containing different particle size to purified CaCO3 in male growing rats. Mineral absorption, bone mineral concentration, and biomechanical properties were evaluated. Mean Ca absorption of rats fed with eggshell diets amounted to 56.2% of the ingested Ca, which is considered high. However, we observed lower Ca absorption in large-sized particle eggshell fraction (ES L) and small-sized particle eggshell fraction groups but similar Ca absorption in intermediate-sized particle eggshell fraction (ES M) compared with the CaCO3 group. Rats that received ES M and ES L had higher P and Mg absorption than the CaCO3 group. No changes were observed in the bone mineral deposition, weight or mechanical resistance. We conclude that eggshell Ca is well absorbed by the intestine and retained in bones of growing rats, being a low cost alternative to achieve adequate Ca ingestion.

Reducing mineral usage in feedlot diets for Nellore cattle: I. Impacts of calcium, phosphorus, copper, manganese, and zinc contents on microbial efficiency and ruminal, intestinal, and total digestibility of dietary constituents.

Abstract: This study evaluated intake, microbial efficiency, and ruminal, small and large intestinal, and total digestibility of DM, OM, CP, and NDF, as well as availability of Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Cu, Mn, and Zn in Zebu cattle fed with or without supplemental sources of Ca and P or a micromineral premix. Five rumen- and ileum-cannulated Nellore bulls (BW = 200 ± 10.5 kg; 9 mo) were used in the experiment, distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The experiment was developed in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design to measure the effects of mineral supplementation on intake, digestibility, and site of nutrient absorption. The factors consisted of 2 Ca and P levels (macromineral factor; CaP+ or CaP-) and 2 microminerals levels (micromineral factor; CuMnZn+ or CuMnZn-). In addition, a treatment with alimentary restriction (REST) was evaluated at 1.7% of BW. Nutrient fluxes were measured in the omasum and ileum, in addition to intake and fecal excretion. Microbial efficiency was estimated using purine derivative excretion. Dry matter, OM, NDF, CP intake, and total digestibility were not affected ( ≥ 0.058) by the absence of Ca, P, Cu, Mn, and Zn supplementation. Intake of Ca, P, and Mg were reduced ( 0.05) of OM, NDF, and CP digestion sites and coefficients, we assume that omitting supplemental sources of Ca, P, Cu, Mn, and Zn may be an option in raising cattle on feedlots. If supplementation is viable, knowledge about the specific absorption site of each mineral could positively impact choices about the supplemental source.