Showing papers on "Mixing (process engineering) published in 1979"

Method for individually encapsulating magnetic particles

Abstract: A method for encapsulating magnetic particles by enclosure within oil drops, mixing in an aqueous solution and dispersing the oil drops with the enclosed particles by application of an alternating magnetic field. The dispersed and oil covered particles are microencapsulated with at least one type of polymer.

Chemically Reacting, Turbulent Shear Layer

Abstract: A chemically reacting, turbulent shear layer between two streams was investigated in a new, blowdown water tunnel. The two streams contained dilute, aqueous solutions of diffusion-limited reactants (phenolphthalein and sodium hydroxide, respectively) which mixed in the layer and reacted to form a visible reaction product. Using optical densitometry techniques, the amount of product was measured as a function of Reynolds number. These results for water (Schmidt No. = 600) are compared with the previous mixing measurements of Konrad in a gaseous shear layer (Sc = 0.7) and the simple mixing method of Broadwell. The unique flow visualization provided by the visible reaction product revealed a remarkable spanwise instability (superimposed on the large coherent vortices) which appears to be important in introducing three-dimensional motions into the flow.

Continuous process mixing of pulverized solids and liquids and mixing apparatus

Abstract: The invention deals with continuous process mixing of pulverized solids and liquids. It offers a mixing process comprising: continuously introducing a liquid into a mixing container; continuously introducing a solid powder into said container at such a rate that specified proportions of solid and liquid in the mixture are maintained; rotating the products in the container in such a way as to establish a vortex; regulating the solid and liquid supply rate in such a way that a given level of filling of container is constantly maintained; continuously emptying the products mixture so that level of filling is maintained. It offers as well a mechanism to implement the process including a mixing container having an intermediate bottom and a runoff opening, a turbine mounted above the intermediate bottom, and mechanism for supplying a liquid and a solid. Advantageously, the liquid is used to wash down the walls of the mixing container and may be applied to parts of the turbine to avoid retention of solids in the container. It can be applied to hydraulic binders preparations and specifically to continuous process preparation of a plaster and water mixture.

Method and apparatus for blending liquids and solids

Abstract: A high capacity blender has been devised which is adaptable for use in achieving the proper blend of liquid-to-liquid or liquid-to-solid constituents making up a gel composition for use in fracturing oil and gas well formations in which a high speed impeller is mounted for rotation concentrically within an outer casing and has a solids inlet which is isolated from the liquid inlet. A series of liquid inlet apertures are disposed in outer concentric surrounding relation to the impeller, and impeller vanes within the impellers are operative to impart a centrifugal force to solids introduced therein whereby to direct the solids and materials radially and outwardly under considerable force into the liquid stream which is directed axially along the inner wall of a mixing chamber. A preselected amount of the blended materials may be recirculated through the impeller inlet, and varying amounts of the solids in proportion to the liquid may be introduced through the impeller region while assuring intimate mixing with the liquid stream in a single stage for introduction under the desired pressure for pumping into the well.

Asphalt plant with improved temperature control system

Abstract: Continuous asphalt plant including a temperature control system for controlling the temperature of the asphalt-aggregate mix by varying the flow of hot gases through a mixing enclosure. The temperature of the source of heat, such as a flame burner, is controlled to maintain the temperature of the hot gases as they enter the mixing enclosure, and the hot gases are recirculated to assist in controlling the temperature of the hot gases entering the mixing enclosure and to provide more efficient operation of the plant.

Heat transfer in trickle-bed reactors

Abstract: The mechanism of radial heat transfer in two-phase flow through packed beds is examined. A model with 2 parameters: an effective radial thermal conductivity in the bed, ke , and a heat transfer coefficient, hw , at the wall, give a satisfactory interpretation of the radial temperature profile. ke was expressed in terms of a stagnant contribution, due to the heat conduction through the solid and the fluid in the void space, and a radial mixing contribution of the gas and liquid phases, due to the radial component of the velocity of both fluids. The radial mixing contribution of the liquid ( ke ) L was compared with radial mass dispersion data, and a satisfactory agreement was obtained. Moreover, ( ke )was much higher than the gas mixing and the stagnant contributions. Correlations for hw and ke ) L have been proposed in accordance with the hydrodynamic regimes of the two-phase flow.

Multiple stage jet nozzle and aeration system

Abstract: An improved system for mixing gas with waste water in which the water is pumped through a plurality of nozzles or vortex mixing chambers into which the gas is injected at a step region to form parallel streams of gas and water. The multiple stage nozzle includes an extending chamber which contains the parallel streams as the interface between them becomes unstable, breaks down creating vortices and produces tiny bubbles which mix with the water. The extending chamber is divided into three sections or stages with at least one section tapered inwardly at a rate of 11°-22° to permit operation at higher air flow rates without loss of efficiency and the outermost section from which the mixed stream is directly discharged into the body of waste water being non-diverging, preferably cylindrical.

Process and apparatus for the removal of particulate matter and reactive or water soluble gases from carrier gases

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the removal of particulate matter and reactive or water soluble gases from carrier gases is disclosed. The process includes driving the carrier gas through a conduit, in part by a fan or blower, passing the carrier gas through a turbulent free jet emitted from a supersonic nozzle and containing a large number of small high velocity liquid droplets, passing the mixture of the carrier gas and the free jet through a subsonic nozzle, injecting additional liquid as droplets into the mixture, retaining the mixture in a mixing tube to promote the further growth of the liquid droplets and separating the liquid droplets from the carrier gas. The apparatus includes a conduit having mounted therein a supersonic nozzle and liquid injector apparatus located upstream from a subsonic and liquid injector nozzle, a mixing tube downstream from the subsonic nozzle, separating means downstream from the mixing tube and blower or fan means arranged to drive, at least in part, the carrier gas containing pollutant material through the apparatus.

Aeration method and apparatus

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for aerating and circulating a liquid in a vessel comprising utilizing a surface aerator and a bottom mixing rotor mounted on a hollow common shaft. The rotor entrains liquid and air into the hollow center of the common shaft from the liquid surface region and affects a downward two-phase flow in the hollow center. The gas-liquid mixture is subsequently injected into the liquid body through the channels of the rotor which communicate with the hollow center of the shaft. The discharged jet streams disperse the entrained gas bubbles throughout the liquid body and provide turbulent mixing in the bottom section of the vessel. The present invention not only provides sufficient bottom mixing but also enhances the mass transfer efficiency of the surface aeration by enriching the gas content in the surface layer of the liquid.

Apparatus for thorough mixture of a liquid with a gas

Abstract: An apparatus with a unique venturi construction and restriction structure, a liquid intake conduit and mixing chamber is provided for mixing virtually any liquid with any gas, and is particularly designed for efficient aeration of water, such as for use with aquariums and home aquaculture systems. The relative placement of different portions of the apparatus and relative sizes of the component parts are found to be a factor in improving efficiency. One embodiment, combining the unique restriction structure with a rough-edged ring inside the apparatus, is designed for excellent operation efficiency at liquid circulation pressures previously thought to be too low for incorporation of an aerating or intermixing device. The need for an additional intermixing pump is thereby eliminated and a high percentage of gas is dissolved in the liquid, compared to other similar use devices. A second embodiment is designed more specifically for use at higher liquid pressures such as for purification of standing bodies of water, for sewage treatment and for commercial "fish farms", providing excellent intermixing at these higher pressures.

Self-curing composition based upon polymethylmethacrylate and process for manufacturing said self-curing composition

Abstract: Self-curing compositions are prepared based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are by mixing a finely powdered solid polymer phase of PMMA and/or poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) with a liquid monomer phase of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and/or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in a weight ratio of polymer phase to monomer phase of 1.5 to 3.3:1 wherein the portion of PHEMA in the cured product is between 2 and 99 weight %. The product is prepared by vigorously stirring the mixture at room temperature until the polymerization is essentially finished.

Plate type heat exchanger

Abstract: A plate type heat exchanger is disclosed having flow passages extending beyond the area of heat transfer on at least one end. The extending ends of the flow passages serve as sacrificial inlets for flow of one of two fluids through the heat exchanger so that any leak resulting from flow erosion or from corrosion in the extending flow passages does not result in mixing of the two fluids.

Removal of sulfur dioxide from gas

Abstract: Emission gas to be scrubbed of sulfur dioxide or the like has turbulent lengthwise flow through an elongated mixing vessel At a mixing zone in the vessel, near where said gas enters it, finely comminuted lime (Blaine Number preferably 6000 before calcining) is fed into the gas and carried out of the vessel with the gas to a cyclone separator From the cyclone the gas passes to a baghouse at which residual lime is removed from it and it is released A minor portion of the lime separated at the cyclone is sent to waste; most is returned to the mixing zone for recycling Make-up lime is fed to the mixing zone from a suspension calcining furnace, reaching the mixing zone while still heated To maintain 650° C to 750° C at the mixing zone, recycled lime may be reheated in passing from the cyclone to that zone The total of recycled and fresh lime fed to the mixing zone is at least nine times the quantity required for stoichiometric reaction with pollutant in the emission gas and can be 40 or more times that quantity

Lightweight materials having a high dielectric constant and their method of manufacture

Abstract: A lightweight mixed dielectric and a manufacturing method thereof is described, which is prepared by mixing metal-coated expanded particles of plastic, glass or silica, thin-wall metal pipes or metal coated thin-wall plastic pipes and uncoated expanded particles of plastic, glass or silica and then forming the resulting mixture into a desired shape by thermal expansion or by the use of binder with the provision that these uncoated expanded particles are only made of plastic when the forming step is carried out by thermal expansion.

Solvent extraction method using static mixers

Abstract: An improved liquid-liquid solvent extraction system is provided having a mixing stage which includes a mixing device for creating a dispersion of the two liquid phases followed by a residence chamber designed to enhance contacting and mass transfer between the solute and solvent phases. The separating stage includes a drop size conditioning device which establishes a drop size in the discontinuous liquid phase of the dispersion which can be separated easily from the continuous liquid phase in the succeeding settling stage of the device. The drop size conditioning device also acts to reduce entrainment of the solvent phase in the solute phase during separation of the phases. The settling device may contain a series of baffles to reduce the time required for phase separation and to reduce entrainment of the solvent phase in the solute phase. The system is used to extract metal ions such as uranium, copper, cobalt, nickel, and vanadium from aqueous process streams containing dilute concentrations of such ions. Hydrocarbon solvents which are partially or totally immiscible in water are used to extract the metal ions and may contain additives such as complex-forming agents to aid in the mass transfer of metal ions to the solvent phase. After contacting and separation of the phases, the metal ions are recovered from the hydrocarbon solvent.

Installation for mixing and separating two non-miscible liquids, inter alia for liquid-liquid extraction

Abstract: In the illustrative embodiments of the invention disclosed, an installation for mixing and separating two non-miscible liquids includes, inter alia, an improved pump structure for raising the liquid dispersion from the mixing tank to the inlet level to the decanting tank, a low flat chute for conveying the dispersion from the mixing tank to the remote end of the decanting tank, height-controlling means for controlling the level of the interphase within the decanting tank, and provision for recycling the lighter liquid phase to the mixing tank.

Apparatus for vapor depositing a stoichiometric compound

Abstract: A method of producing compounds which comprises the steps of separately vaporizing a plurality of substances containing the component elements of a desired compound and placed in a plurality of crucibles to form vapors of the substances, mixing the vapors in a heated mixing chamber to form a mixed vapor, jetting the mixed vapor into a vacuum region to form clusters, ionizing the clusters to form cluster ions, and accelerating the cluster ions to make them impinge on a substrate. An apparatus for producing compounds which comprises a plurality of crucibles for separately vaporizing substances containing the component elements of a desired compound to form vapors of the substances, a mixing chamber for heating and mixing the vapors introduced therein to form a mixed vapor, the mixing chamber having at least one injection hole for jetting the mixed vapor into a vacuum region, communication pipes for connecting the mixing chamber to the crucibles, an ionization chamber for ionizing clusters produced from the mixed vapor jetted from the mixing chamber, means for accelerating cluster ions produced in the ionization chamber and making them impinge on a substrate, and a substrate holder for holding the substrate.

Catalytically heated curling device with automatic temperature control

Abstract: A catalytic heating means is disposed in a heating chamber of a tubular body member defining a hair winding portion. The curling device includes a supply of a liquid fuel and aspirating means for vaporizing the fuel and mixing the vaporized fuel with air to supply a vaporized fuel/air mixture to the catalytic heating means. A temperature control means automatically regulates the flow of vaporized fuel in response to the temperature of the heating chamber.

Industrial process for continuous production of zeolite A

Abstract: A process for continuous preparation of zeolite A of constant and homogeneous quality, consisting of instantly and continously mixing a sodium silicate solution and a sodium aluminate solution in the correct proportions and at an elevated temperature followed by transfer of the resulting slurry to a crystallization reactor. The product is recovered from the crystallization reactor washed and dried.

Fire detector housing

Abstract: A housing for a fire detector has a circumferential area including a series of vanes or slats, each positioned at an angle with respect to the tangent at the periphery of the housing. The angle is about 45°, which not only allows ready entrance of gases through the major portion of the "window" defined by the vanes, but also prevents particles from passing straight through the housing and out the other side. This effects good mixing of the gases, better detection of combustion particles, and also decreases the likelihood of spurious or incorrect signals due to extraneous air currents.

Concentrate metering apparatus

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for removing toxic liquid concentrates from their shipping and/or storage containers, mixing selected amounts of such concentrates with water, and rinsing the containers when they are empty, in a manner that avoids exposure of users to such concentrates.

Power consumption in aerated stirred tank reactor systems

Abstract: The aim of this contribution is to give all biochemists and biochemical engineers working in the field of biotechnology an insight into the information which is available on energy transfer in mixing equipment under various operational conditions.

Method of coating with a stoichiometric compound

Abstract: A method of coating which comprises the steps of separately vaporizing a plurality of substances containing the component elements of a desired compound and placed in a plurality of crucibles to form vapors of the substances, mixing the vapors in a heated mixing chamber to form a mixed vapor, jetting the mixed vapor into a vacuum region to form clusters, ionizing the clusters to form cluster ions, and accelerating the cluster ions to make them impinge on a substrate. An apparatus for coating which comprises a plurality of crucibles for separately vaporizing substances containing the component elements of a desired compound to form vapors of the substances, a mixing chamber for heating and mixing the vapors introduced therein to form a mixed vapor, the mixing chamber having at least one injection hole for jetting the mixed vapor into a vacuum region, communication pipes for connecting the mixing chamber to the crucibles, an ionization chamber for ionizing clusters produced from the mixed vapor jetted from the mixing chamber, means for accelerating cluster ions produced in the ionization chamber and making them impinge on a substrate, and a substrate holder for holding the substrate.

Bulk explosive mixing and delivery apparatus

Abstract: A mobile mixing and delivery apparatus for bulk slurry explosive compositions is provided. The apparatus comprises a vehicle body upon which is mounted a rotatable drum mixer. Explosive ingredients are fed into the mixer, mixed and then delivered close to the point of use where they are pumped through a hose into boreholes. Provision is made for the addition of thickness or other additives to the slurry during pumping.

Mixing and filtering vial

Abstract: A device for packaging ingredients, one of which is in the liquid phase, in a separated relation until mixed and extracted under sterile conditions by filtration of air introduced into the device and filtration of the mixture when extracted from the device.

Oil agglomeration process

Abstract: In methods for producing agglomerate particles from aqueous slurries containing from about 10 to about 40 weight percent solids, the solids comprising finely divided carbonaceous solids and finely divided inorganic solids, by mixing the aqueous slurry with oil in a first mixing zone to form a mixture and thereafter further agitating the resulting mixture in at least one other mixing zone to produce agglomerate particles containing the carbonaceous solids and the oil and recovering the product agglomerate particles, an improvement comprising (a) separating finely divided inorganic solids from the aqueous slurry after removal of the product agglomerate particles therefrom; (b) thereafter separating smaller agglomerates of carbonaceous solids and oil from the aqueous slurry after separation of the product agglomerate particles and the inorganic solids therefrom; and (c) recycling the smaller agglomerates to the second mixing zone.