Showing papers on "Monocytosis published in 2000"

T cell activation, apoptosis and cytokine dysregulation in the (co)pathogenesis of HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).

Abstract: Immune parameters were compared in four groups of Ugandan subjects: HIV-and HIV+ adult patients with active pulmonary TB (HIV- PTB n = 38; HIV+ PTB n = 28), patients with HIV infection only (n = 26) and PPD+ healthy controls (n = 25). Compared with healthy controls, CD4 and CD8 T cells from patients with HIV and/or PTB expressed more activation markers (HLA-DR, CD38); their CD8 T cells expressed more CD95 (pre-apoptosis) and less CD28 (co-stimulatory receptor). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with either HIV or PTB were impaired in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production upon antigenic stimulation. PTB (with or without HIV) was characterized by monocytosis, granulocytosis, increased transforming growth factor-beta 1 production and PPD-induced apoptosis. In vivo CD4 T cell depletion, in vitro increased spontaneous CD4 T cell apoptosis and defects in IFN-gamma responses upon mitogenic stimulation were restricted to HIV+ subjects (with or without PTB). Overlapping and distinctive immune alterations, associated with PTB and HIV, might explain mutual unfavourable influences of both diseases.

Erythrocyte transfusion causes immunosuppression after total hip replacement.

Abstract: A prospective study of 34 patients undergoing total hip replacement was done to determine whether homologous erythrocyte transfusion causes postoperative immunosuppression. In the transfused patient group (14 patients), there was a reduction in CD3+ and CD3+4+ cell numbers at Day 2, returning to preoperative levels by Day 7. In contrast, in the untransfused patient group (20 patients), there was no significant depression in these lymphocyte subgroups at Day 2 and an increase in total lymphocyte, CD3+, CD3+4+, and CD3+4-8- cell numbers at Day 7. In both patient groups there was postoperative leukocytosis, granulocytosis, and monocytosis at Days 2 and 7, with no significant change in postoperative B (CD19+) cell numbers, natural killer cells, or the minor T cell populations of CD3+4+8+ and CD3+25+. The lymphocyte functional test of Candida recall was significantly impaired at Day 7 in the transfused patient group, where Candida recall is a memory T cell response to an antigen extracted from the yeast Candida Albicans. These findings suggest that homologous erythrocyte transfusion after hip replacement surgery causes cell mediated immune suppression. The main clinical implication of the current study is that perioperative homologous erythrocyte transfusion may place patients at greater risk of infectious complications, including infection of the prosthesis.

Acute parvovirus B19 infection mimicking juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia.

Abstract: An 11-month-old patient with parvovirus infection mimicking juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is presented. The patient's history, presenting physical and laboratory features, was suggestive of JMML and consisted of fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, desquamation of the skin, anemia, leukocytosis with monocytosis and trilineage dysplastic findings of the peripheral blood and bone marrow. However, positive IgM titers for parvovirus B19 followed by seroconversion, negative cytogenetics and the benign follow-up of the patient suggested acute parvovirus infection as an etiologic factor for development of dysplastic features in the patient, and thus is recommended for consideration in the differential diagnosis of MDS. Although parvovirus B19 infection mimicking MDS has previously been shown in two patients with spherocytosis and one with subclinical immune deficiency; to our knowledge, the present report is the first describing the association of acute parvovirus B19 infection with dysplastic features mimicking myelodysplasia (MDS) in a child without a demonstrable underlying hematolymphoid disorder.

Intestinal String Foreign Body in an Adult Umbrella Cockatoo (Cacatua alba)

Abstract: Gastrointestinal foreign bodies are reported in zoo birds, ratites, and juvenile psittacine birds; however, foreign body ingestion by adult psittacine birds is uncommon. We examined an adult umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba) because of a 4-month history of weight loss and intermittent, dark brown, malodorous stool. Physical examination findings were unremarkable. Results of laboratory testing revealed anemia, leukocytosis, lymphopenia, monocytosis, hypoproteinemia, and hypoalbuminemia; blood lead and zinc concentrations were not elevated. Enterococcus durans was cultured aerobically from the feces. Gas-filled, dilated intestinal loops and a gas-filled proventriculus were evident on survey radiographs. The clinical signs did not resolve with initial treatment, which included ciprofloxacin, ketoconazole, and a lactobacillus supplement. Over the next 2 months, results of blood tests revealed nonregenerative anemia, intermittent leukocytosis, monocytosis, and hypoproteinemia. Staphylococcus lugdunensi...

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in a cat.

Abstract: A 1-year-old spayed domestic short-haired cat was referred with anorexia and weight loss. Hematologic findings indicated nonregenerative anemia, severe neutropenia and monocytosis. The feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen test was positive reaction by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dysgranulopoiesis with slight increase in blast cells were observed in bone marrow smears. On the basis of blood and bone marrow findings, the cat was diagnosed as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL), which possibly corresponds to a kind of the subtypes in human myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

Connective tissue-type mast cell leukemia in a dog.

Abstract: An unusual case diagnosed as connective tissue-type mast cell leukemia with marked mastocyte infiltration into visceral organs in a seven-year-old female Curly-Coated retriever is presented. Acute circulatory collapse, emesis, diarrhea, abdominal enlargement, icterus, cyanosis, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, hepatomegary, ascites, and right ventricular enlargement were observed. Hematologic and biochemical examinations revealed mast cell leukemia, mature neutrophilia, monocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia, hyperhistaminemia, renal and hepatic injuries. Mast cells were distributed systemically, but predominantly in the diaphragm and liver with a large mass among the serosa of ileum, cecum and colon. Mast cells were stained intensely by both safranin and berberine sulfate.

Endotoxin-triggered haematological interactions in Fusobacterium necrophorum infections.

Abstract: The haematological mechanisms in the course of liver abscess formation were evaluated. They were examined by employing viable cells of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme in comparison with their endotoxins. Whole cell infection with F. n. necrophorum led to neutrophilia and to a concomitant monocytosis in parallel with those responses induced by the in vivo injection of its endotoxin. Viable infection with F. n. funduliforme was characterized by a sustained endotoxin-related monocytosis against neutropenia. The stimulatory impact of endotoxin on monocytes when released from a viable F. n. funduliforme infection suggested an inherently peculiar mechanism which differed from the induction of both neutrophilia and monocytosis when F. n. funduliforme endotoxin was administered alone. The neutrophilic inducing capacity of the F. n. necrophorum endotoxin was equally illustrated by its positive chemotactic effect on polymorphonuclear neutrophils in vitro. The data presented here emphasize the virulence of F. n. necrophorum viewed in reference to changes in leucocyte trafficking and as complemented by a relatively high endotoxin content.

Atypical chronic myeloid leukaemia with trisomy 21 mosaicism as a sole chromosomal abnormality.

Abstract: We present a 46-year-old patient with Ph-chromosome negative, bcr-negative chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) in accelerated phase with a clonal trisomy 21 in the leukaemic blast cells. A rapid progress of disease with appearance of monocytosis is described, showing similar features to chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML). Heterogeneous characteristics and possible distinction of these two entities are discussed.

Choroidal infiltrates simulating fundal changes of acute leukemia during hematological recovery following high-dose chemotherapy in acute myelomonocytic leukemia in remission.

Abstract: A young female patient of 18 who was diagnosed to have acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML M4) developed choroidal infiltrate and fundal changes suggestive of acute leukemia deposits while she was in remission and was recovering from chemotherapy induced myelosuppression. The choroidal infiltrates were associated with peripheral blood and CSF monocytosis. The choroidal lesion resolved on its own in 2 week's time, when the peripheral and CSF monocytosis subsided. Interestingly this patient had pseudo-Chediak Higashi inclusions in leukemic blasts with normal karyotype.

Intestinal String Foreign Body in an Adult Umbrella

Abstract: Gastrointestinal foreign bodies are reported in zoo birds, ratites, and juvenile psittacine birds; however, foreign body ingestion by adult psittacine birds is uncommon. We examined an adult umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba) because of a 4-month history of weight loss and intermit- tent, dark brown, malodorous stool. Physical examination findings were unremarkable. Results of laboratory testing revealed anemia, leukocytosis, lymphopenia, monocytosis, hypoproteinemia, and hypoalbuminemia; blood lead and zinc concentrations were not elevated. Enterococcus durans was cultured aerobically from the feces. Gas-filled, dilated intestinal loops and a gas-filled proventriculus were evident on survey radiographs. The clinical signs did not resolve with initial treatment, which included ciprofloxacin, ketoconazole, and a lactobacillus supplement. Over the next 2 months, re- sults of blood tests revealed nonregenerative anemia, intermittent leukocytosis, monocytosis, and hypoproteinemia. Staphylococcus lugdunensis and E faecium were isolated from a crop swab and fecal samples. A barium contrast study revealed a filling defect in the area of the large intestine, whereas results of fluoroscopy were normal. The cockatoo responded poorly to further treatment, including 5 days of supportive care in the hospital, and the owners requested euthanasia. On nec- ropsy, a string foreign body (7 cm long) was found in the proximal large intestine. The string had originated from a rope toy in the bird's cage.

Pronounced monocytosis in a case of nephropathia epidemica

Abstract: Nephropathia epidemica is a mild form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Thrombocytopenia is common and characteristic. We report here a case of a young man with nephropathia epidemica and marked transient monocytosis.

Trisomy 14 with thrombocytosis and monocytosis.

Abstract: It has been reported that trisomy 14 is associated with myeloid malignancies, but a case with increased platelet count has also been reported. However, the clinical significance of trisomy 14 is still uncertain. We report a patient with trisomy 14 with thrombocytosis and a gradual increase in monocytosis. He was treated with hydroxyurea, cytarabine and aclarubicin in low doses and his quality of life was maintained for a period of about 1 year from blastic crisis. Hydroxyurea, cytarabine or aclarubicin in low doses may be the treatment of choice for trisomy 14 patients with respect to the patients' quality of life.

T cell activation, apoptosis and cytokine dysregulation in the (co)pathogenesis of HIV and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)

Abstract: SUMMARY Immune parameters were compared in four groups of Ugandan subjects: HIV 2 and HIV 1 adult patients with active pulmonary TB (HIV 2 PTB na 38; HIV 1 PTB na 28), patients with HIV infection only (na 26) and PPD 1 healthy controls (na 25). Compared with healthy controls, CD4 and CD8 T cells from patients with HIV and/or PTB expressed more activation markers (HLA-DR, CD38); their CD8 T cells expressed more CD95 (pre-apoptosis) and less CD28 (co-stimulatory receptor). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with either HIV or PTB were impaired in interferon-gamma (IFN-g) production upon antigenic stimulation. PTB (with or without HIV) was characterized by monocytosis, granulocytosis, increased transforming growth factor-beta 1 production and PPD-induced apoptosis. In vivo CD4 T cell depletion, in vitro increased spontaneous CD4 T cell apoptosis and defects in IFN-g responses upon mitogenic stimulation were restricted to HIV 1 subjects (with or without PTB). Overlapping and distinctive immune alterations, associated with PTB and HIV, might explain mutual unfavourable influences of both diseases.