Richard Aspinall

TL;DR: The mechanisms that shape B-cell responses at the extremes of age are described and how they could be taken into account to design more effective immunization strategies for these high-risk age groups are described.

TL;DR: The aim of this Commission is to provide the strongest evidence base through involvement of experts from a wide cross-section of disciplines, making firm recommendations to reduce the unacceptable premature mortality and disease burden from avoidable causes and to improve the standard of care for patients with liver disease in hospital.

TL;DR: An understanding of the causal mechanism of thymic involution could lead to the design of a rational therapy to reverse the loss ofThymic tissue, renew thymo function, increase thymi output, and potentially improve immune function in aged individuals.

TL;DR: This work discovers and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine–cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist.

TL;DR: It is therefore important that the vaccines used against common but preventable diseases, such as influenza, are specifically enhanced to overcome the reduced immune responsiveness of this vulnerable population.