Showing papers on "Nitrobenzene published in 1984"
TL;DR: Constantes de stabilite des complexes ML + dans le nitrobenzene. Evaluation des constantes d'extraction as discussed by the authors. But these constantes depend on the complexity of the complex.
Abstract: Constantes de stabilite des complexes ML + dans le nitrobenzene. Evaluation des constantes d'extraction
142 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the transfer of tetramethylammonium (TMA+) ion across the interface between LiCl aqueous solution and a 0.1 mol dm−3 tetrabutyammonium tetraphenylborate nitrobenzene solution was investigated by means of phase-selective a.c. polarography.
Abstract: The transfer of tetramethylammonium (TMA+) ion across the interface between a 0.1 mol dm−3 LiCl aqueous solution and a 0.1 mol dm−3 tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate nitrobenzene solution was investigated by means of phase-selective a.c. polarography. In recording the a.c. polarographic current a two-electrode cell system was used and the ohmic drop due to solution resistance in the cell was compensated for by positive feedback. The ion-transfer admittance vs. potential curves were determined in the a.c. frequency range between 10 and 100 Hz and the kinetic parameters of the TMA+-ion transfer across the water/nitrobenzene interface were determined.
96 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the partition of a series of protonated amines (aniline, benzylamine, 2-phenylethylamine and related compounds) between water and nitrobenzene was investigated using electrochemical approaches.
84 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the nitrobenzene est hydrogene en aniline en phase liquide en utilisant comme catalyseur: nickel Raney, ruthenium sur carbone, rhodium sur carboxylamine, and nickel sur alumine.
Abstract: Le nitrobenzene est hydrogene en aniline en phase liquide en utilisant comme catalyseur: nickel Raney, ruthenium sur carbone, rhodium sur carbone, rhodium sur alumine et nickel sur un support inerte
56 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that the majority of 3-substituted nitrobenzene derivatives substitution occurs at the most hindered position 2, which offers an efficient method of synthesis of 2,6 and 2,3-disubstitized nitro-benzenes.
50 citations
TL;DR: Carbonylation du nitrobenzene en presence de Pd(phenanthroline-9,10,11,12) and preparation du carbamate de phenyle as mentioned in this paper.
46 citations
TL;DR: Extraction de microquantites de 152,154 Eu par des solutions de Co(III)-dicarbolide as discussed by the authors, a.k.a. Co-Dicarboride.
Abstract: Extraction de microquantites de 152,154 Eu par des solutions de Co(III)-dicarbolide. Constantes d'extraction
37 citations
TL;DR: The most active system was obtained using the ligand 3,4,5,6,7,8-Me6phen in a chel:rhodium ratio of 3.4 as discussed by the authors.
36 citations
TL;DR: Cristallisation dans le systeme triclinique et affinement de la structure jusqu'a R=0,054 as mentioned in this paper, en couches paralleles au plan ab des cations complexes and des molecules de nitrobenzene
Abstract: Cristallisation dans le systeme triclinique et affinement de la structure jusqu'a R=0,054. Empilement en couches paralleles au plan ab des cations complexes et des molecules de nitrobenzene
32 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the activity of several catalysts of Pd supported on both SiO 2 -AlPO 4 and a sepiolite in the reduction of aromatic nitrocompounds, both with gaseous hydrogen and by hydrogen transfer.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the acid catalysts HF, H 2 S 0 4, BF 3, CF 3 S 0 3 H, FSO 3 H and SbF 5.
TL;DR: In this paper, current-controlled formation of a resistive surface film of tetraphenylborate salt during ion transfer has been studied, showing that the salt layer becomes visible at high concentrations and high currents, especially at times after the transition time.
TL;DR: In this article, a pulsed electron beam high ion source pressure mass spectrometer was used to measure gas phase electron transfer equilibria, and the ΔG01 were found to change little with temperature such that ΔG1≊ΔH1.
Abstract: Measurements of gas phase electron transfer equilibria [Eq. (1)] A−+B=A+B− were performed with a pulsed electron beam high ion source pressure mass spectrometer. The equilibrium constants K1 were used to evaluate ΔG01=−RT ln K1. The ΔG01 were found to change little with temperature such that ΔG01≊ΔH01. Good agreement was observed between the present results and earlier measurements by Fukuda and McIver, which used ion cyclotron resonance and worked at much lower pressures. Absolute electron affinities were obtained by anchoring the relative electron affinities (ΔH1 values) to known absolute E.A.’s from the literature. The relative results agree well with differences predicted by absolute measurements. The resulting E.A. are in eV: CH3NO2, 0.49; CS2, 0.54; (C6H5)CO, 0.64; 2, 4, 6‐trimethyl nitrobenzene 0.68; 2, 3‐butanedione 0.71; 2, 3‐dimethyl nitrobenzene, 0.83; 2‐methyl nitrobenzene, 0.88; 3‐methyl nitrobenzene, 0.94; nitrobenzene, 0.97; 1‐fluoro‐4‐nitrobenzene, 1.06; SO2 1.11; 1‐chloro‐3‐nitrobenzene, ...
TL;DR: In this article, the reaction of solvated electrons with nitrobenzene, N, is nearly diffusion controlled in both pure and mixed solvents, and the value of kN is approximately proportional to the inverse viscosity η−1 in the pure, and in the mixed, at different temperatures.
Abstract: Reaction of solvated electrons with nitrobenzene, N, is nearly diffusion controlled in both pure solvents; kN ~ 1010 dm3/mol s. The value of kN is approximately proportional to the inverse viscosity η−1 in the pure solvents, and in the mixed solvents at different temperatures. However, on going from zero to 74 mol% water at the same temperature kN is independent of the 40% increase of η. Electron diffusion in the mixed solvents is not a simple function of fluidity.Reaction with the inefficient scavengers tryptophane (kS ~ 109 dm3/mol s) and phenol (kS ~ 107–108 dm3/mol s) correlates inversely with the electron optical absorption energy. The latter is related to the trap depth in the solvent; electrons in deeper traps have less tendency to react with molecules of low electron affinity.Addition of 3 mol% 2-PrOH to water at 296 K increases the value of Gemax by 16%, although the value in pure 2-PrOH is three-fold smaller than that in pure water. The increase is attributed to an increase in the free ion yield...
TL;DR: A method utilizing reverse-phase liquid chromatography/electrochemistry (LC/EC) was developed for the simultaneous determination of aniline and its hydroxylated derivatives, p-aminophenol, o-aminphenol, m-amin phenol, and N-phenylhydroxylamine, using reductive amperometric detection.
TL;DR: In this article, the cationic polymerization of N-vinyl carbazole by trityl salts in nitrobenzene at 20°C was studied.
Abstract: The cationic polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole by trityl salts in nitrobenzene at 20°C has been studied. The kp values are independent of initiator concentration and an average value of 8.9.104M−1s−1 has been obtained which, according to the reaction conditions, has been interpreted in terms of propagation by free ions.
TL;DR: The 1 H and 2 H NMR spectra and 13 C satellites of nitrobenzene and 15 N in PCH and ZLI nematic phases, respectively, were recorded and analyzed.
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential response of the ion exchange and salt partition between immiscible electrolyte solutions at equilibrium has been analyzed using the partition data of nitrobenzene/water system.
TL;DR: In this paper, the rate measurements of the polymerisation of acenaphthylene in nitrobenzene at 298 K by PhCO+ SbF6− gave kp+ = 23,2 ± 2 dm3 · mol−1 · s−1.
Abstract: Rate measurements of the polymerisation of acenaphthylene in nitrobenzene at 298 K by PhCO+ SbF6− gave kp+ = 23,2 ± 2 dm3 · mol−1 · s−1 which confirmed our previous value with yet another initiator. Under the same conditions we obtained kp+ = 188 ± 9 dm3 · mol−1 · s−1 for styrene. The completeness of initiation was indicated by a count of carbonyl groups by spectroscopy. The conductivity measurements indicated that [Pn+] is independent of time and that there is no ion-pairing. The DPD of the polymers was unimodal and the DP independent of m0 and c0. Exploratory experiments showed that HClO4 and CF3SO3H in nitrobenzene are not useful for kp+ determinations. In an Appendix a detailed treatment is given of how the impurity content of solvent and monomer can be determined by kinetic measurements.
TL;DR: In this paper, the reduction of nitrobenzene and m-dinitrobenzinene on platinum surfaces modified by Pb and Tl monolayers deposited at underpotentials was studied in aqueous acid solutions.
TL;DR: Cristallisation dans le systeme triclinique et affinement de la structure jusqu'a R=0,054 as discussed by the authors, en couches paralleles au plan ab des cations complexes and des molecules de nitrobenzene
Abstract: Cristallisation dans le systeme triclinique et affinement de la structure jusqu'a R=0,054. Empilement en couches paralleles au plan ab des cations complexes et des molecules de nitrobenzene
TL;DR: The yields of radiolytical products in the mixtures of carbon tetrachloride-nitrobenzene in a wide concentration scale have been established and found to depend on the composition of the mixture.
Abstract: The yields of major non-gaseous radiolytical products in the mixtures of carbon tetrachloride-nitrobenzene in a wide concentration scale have been established and found to depend on the composition of the mixture. Decrease of the yield hexachloroethane with increasing concentration of nitrobenzene was explained by the energy transfer from CCl4 to the molecule of C6H5NO2. Chlorobenzene is formed from an exciplex [CCl4.C6H5NO2]* or complex with charge transfer or from reaction of the excited molecules of nitrobenzene, and the formation of dichlorobenzenes, trichlorobenzenes and chloronitrobenzene can be explained by radical substitutional reactions.
Patent•
14 Jun 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, a new 1,4-diamino-5-chloro-2-nitrobenzene derivatives of the general formula I were introduced, with the proviso that at least one of R' or R 2 darsteilt 2,3-dihydroxypropyl processes for their preparation and hair dye with a content of these compounds.
Abstract: Neue 1,4-Diamino-5-chlor-2-nitrobenzolderivate der allgemeinen Formel I To new 1,4-diamino-5-chloro-2-nitrobenzene derivatives of the general formula I worin R' und R 2 gleich oder verschieden sein konnen und Wasserstoff, 2-Hydroxyethyl oder 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl bedeuten, mit der Masgabe, das mindestens einer der Reste R' oder R 2 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl darsteilt, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung sowie Haarfarbemittel mit einem Gehalt an diesen Verbindungen. wherein R 'and R 2 may be the same or different and are hydrogen, 2-hydroxyethyl or 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, with the proviso that at least one of R' or R 2 darsteilt 2,3-dihydroxypropyl, processes for their preparation and hair dye with a content of these compounds. Die Verbindungen der Formel I stellen rot bis violett farbende Direktfarbstoffe fur die Haarfarbung dar; The compounds of formula I are red to purple coloring direct dyes for hair dyeing are; sie sind gut wasserloslich und haben gunstige toxikologische Eigenschaften. they are water soluble and have favorable toxicological properties.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of solvent structure on the optical absorption spectrum and reactivity of solvated electrons has been extended to diol/water mixed solvents, using 1,2-ethanediol and 1,4-butanediol (14BD).
Abstract: Investigation of the effect of solvent structure on the optical absorption spectrum and reactivity of solvated electrons has been extended to diol/water mixed solvents, using 1,2-ethanediol (12ED) and 1,4-butanediol (14BD). The large effects that had been found in mono-ol/water mixed solvents did not occur in diol/water. Although addition of 3 mol% of a diol to water increased the optical absorption energies of e−s by 0.06 eV, similar to the shift caused by addition of 3 mol% of a mono-ol, the variation of the spectrum over the rest of the composition range was nearly ideal in diol/water, in contrast to the very non-ideal variation in mono-ol/water. Reaction rate constants kS at 298 K in the diol/water mixed solvents vary approximately as the inverse viscosity,η−1.0, in the diffusion-controlled limit. However, when reactions are two or three orders of magnitude slower than diffusion controlled, kS at 298 K is independent of η. Toluene reacts with e−s at a 10−3-fold smaller rate than does nitrobenzene; the...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the ozonation of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution by determining COD removal, ozone consumption and product distribution at different degrees of ozone removal.
Abstract: The ozonation of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution is investigated by determining COD removal, ozone consumption and product distribution at different degrees of ozonation.Results reveal that complete nitro benzene elimination is achieved at relatively short ozonation times, with no appreciable accumulation of unsaturated intermediates.Oxida–tive consumption of about 2.5 oxygen atoms per mole of absorbed ozone is observed in this ozonation stage. Much longer ozonation times are required to reach complete oxidation of intermediates to oxalic acid and carbon dioxide, with an oxidative consumption corresponding to 1.8 oxygen atoms per mole of absorbed ozone. A reaction scheme is proposed on the basis of the observed product distribution.
TL;DR: In this paper, the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 1-azabicyclo[4.2]octane was studied with initiators providing small and large anions.
Abstract: The cationic ring-opening polymerization of 1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]octane (1) was studied with initiators providing small and large anions, namely F⊖, Br⊖, I⊖, picryl(Pic⊖), CF3SO3⊖. In nitrobenzene as solvent the macroions and macroion-pairs, independently of the anion size, propagate with the same rate constant kp+ = kp± = 7,0 · 10−3 mol−1 · l · S−1 at 35°C ( Δ HP≠ = 55 ± 5kj· mol−1, Δ SP≠ = 105 ± 11 j · mol−1 · K−1). This result strongly indicates that it is not the large size of anoins which is exclusively responsible for the equality kP+ = kP±. The structure of the onium ions, their strong solvation, and the resulting weak interactions with anions are primarily responsible for the observed equalities. In methanol as solvent polymerization proceeds 30 times slowlier than in nitrobenzene and ion-pairs are more reactive by 40% than ions, in agreement with Enikolopyan's findings.