Showing papers on "Object (computer science) published in 1982"

Reconstruction of the support of an object from the support of its autocorrelation

Abstract: The phase-retrieval problem consists of the reconstruction of an object from the modulus of its Fourier transform or, equivalently, from its autocorrelation. This paper describes a number of results relating to the reconstruction of the support of an object from the support of its autocorrelation. Methods for reconstructing the object’s support are given for objects whose support is convex and for certain objects consisting of collections of distinct points. The uniqueness of solutions is discussed. In addition, for the objects consisting of collections of points, a simple method is shown for completely reconstructing the object functions.

Characteristic Views As A Basis For Three-Dimensional Object Recognition

Abstract: This paper describes a new technique for modeling 3D objects that is applicable to recog-nition tasks in advanced automation. Objects are represented in terms of canonic 2D models which can be used to determine the identity, location and orientation of an unknown object. The reduction in dimensionality is achieved by factoring the space of all possible perspective projections of an object into a set of characteristic views, where each such view defines a characteristic-view domain within which all projections are topologically identical and related by a linear transformation. The characteristic views of an object can then be hierarchically structured for efficient classification. The line-junction labelling constraints are used to match a characteristic view to a given unknown-object projection, and determination of the unknown-object projection-to-characteristic view transformation then provides information about the identity as well as the location and orientation of the object.

Pattern recognition apparatus and method

Abstract: An image pattern of an object is inputted. An input subspace calculation section calculates an input subspace from the image pattern. A dictionary subspace calculation section calculates a dictionary subspace from a learning pattern of each object. A constraint subspace calculation means calculates a constraint subspace from a plurality of input subspaces previously calculated according to constraints to suppress unnecessary patterns. A projection section projects the input subspace and the dictionary subspace onto the constraint subspace. A recognition section recognizes the object by comparing the projected input subspace with the projected dictionary subspace.

Contour recording device

Abstract: A device for measuring object contours (11) comprises a mirror system with at least three mirrors (13) for reading a contour marked preferably by means of several light sources (12). The contour detection system comprises lenses (14) which render the measurement angle-independent and a collecting optical system (15). The collecting optica) system (15) forms a single faithful image from the sub-images from the respective mirrors (13), which is then imaged, for example, on a television camera (17). The device furthermore comprises an image display device (21) and means (24) for the comparison of contours.

Machine vision system utilizing programmable optical parallel processing

Abstract: An object or scene viewed by the programmable optical processor based machine vision system is converted into a video signal representative of a spatial orientation and position of a viewed object being viewed. Reference information stored within a system control processor and indicative of a desired object to be identified and its spatial orientation and position of is used to produce a reference video signal. Both the object video signal representative of the object being viewed and the reference video signal representative of the desired object to be identified are converted into incoherent optical representations of these signals which are optically parallel processed in order to obtain a cross-correlation of the respective signals. This cross-correlation is converted into an electrical signal and is evaluated using any suitable known correlation evaluation technique in order to determine whether a high degree of correlation exists between the object being viewed and its position and orientation and the reference signal indicative of a desired object to be identified and its orientation. If a high degree of correlation exists, the effector control processor is provided with information related to the object so that the effector control processor may control a robotic manipulator in a desired manner. If a high degree of correlation does not exist between the respective signals, new object signal or reference signal information related to the object being viewed is iteratively correlated with the remaining original signal in order to determine the degree of correlation between these two signals.

An algorithm and data structure for 3D object synthesis using surface patch intersections

Abstract: There are several successful systems that provide algorithms that allow for the intersection of polygonal objects or other primitive shapes to create more complex objects. Our intent is to provide similar algorithms for intersecting surface patches. There have been contributions to this concept at the display algorithm level, that is, computing the intersection at the time the frame is generated. In an animation environment, however, it becomes important to incorporate the intersection in the data generation routines, in order that those parts of the intersected object that never contribute to an image are not processed by the display algorithm. This only increases the complexity of the object unnecessarily, and subsequently puts an additional burden on the display algorithms.An algorithm is described which uses a modified Catmull recursive subdivision scheme to find the space curve which is the intersection of two bicubic patches. An associated data structure is discussed which incorporates this curve of intersection in the patch description in a way suitable for efficient display of the intersected object. Sample output of these intersections are shown which serve to illustrate the capabilities and limitations of the described procedures.

Toy building block

Abstract: My invention relates to toy building blocks and it has for its object the provision of a new and improved form of arrangement of parts in a toy building block whereby there may be an improved cooperative action between the several blocks of a set employed for building purposes so as to enable...

Device for detecting the position of an object

Abstract: In prior art object position detectors using a radiation source 32, a beam-splitting prism 30 and a radiation sensitive detection system 34, 35 to detect the position of an object 10 relative to a base, the detector components have been positioned on the object and base so that electrical leads must be taken to both object and base. Alternatively a large and heavy auxiliary mirror was mounted on the object. In the invention, only the prism 30 is mounted on the object 10 and it can be small and light. Each detector 34 and 35, of the detection system is divided into two sub-detectors 36, 37 and 38. 39, the outputs of which are combined in two ways 51, 52, 53. 54 to provide two outputs Sy and S Xr giving translation and angular position error signals which can be fed to electromagnetic actuators to correct the object position.

Carrier for music player

Abstract: An adjustable band fits around a wearer's upper arm for carrying, in a pocket of the band, a musical tape player, radio or the like, which cannot otherwise conveniently be worn or carried. An object in the pocket is protected during outdoor use. Additional pockets can be provided.

Traits: An approach to multiple-inheritance subclassing

Abstract: This paper describes a new technique for organizing software which has been used successfully by the Xerox Star 8010 workstation. The workstation (WS) software is written in an “object-oriented” style: it can be viewed as a system of inter-communicating objects of different object types. Most of the WS software considers object types to be constructed by assembling more primitive abstractions called traits. A trait is a characteristic of an object, and is expressed as a set of operations which may be applied to objects carrying that trait. The traits model of subclassing generalizes the SIMULA-67 model by permitting multiple inheritance paths. This paper describes the relationship of WS software to the traits model and then describes the model itself.

Robotic vision system

Abstract: A robotic system for grasping a randomly oriented object, comprising grasping means for grasping said object is disclosed. Motor means places the grasping means at a desired position and causes performance of a gripping function. Camera means forms a first image of the object. An optical train conveys an image from a predetermined point to the camera means, the predetermined point being fixed relative to the grasping means. Image means contains a second image of the object to be grasped. Comparison means compares the first image to the second image. First coupling means couples the image means to the comparison means. Second coupling means couples the output of the camera means to the comparison means. Image rotation means causes rotation of the second image with respect to the image produced by the camera means. The comparison means is responsive to the first and second coupling means to stop rotation of the image rotation means when a coincidence in angular position is detected between the second image and the image produced by the camera means. Finally, angular orientation means generates an angular orientation signal in response to a detection of coincidence between the second image and the image produced by the camera means to generate an orientation signal indicating the orientation of the object and providing the orientation signal to the motor means to angularly orient the grasping means with the object to be grasped.

Ultrasonic measuring method

Abstract: A method for measuring the physical characteristics of an object through the use of an ultrasonic wave, which comprises the steps of transmitting an ultrasonic pulse to the object, receiving a reflected wave from the object, analyzing the spectrum of a parameter representing the strength of the reflected wave and obtaining a center frequency of the spectrum to measure the physical characteristics of the object. The center frequency is used as a function of distance or time to obtain its differential or difference coefficient, or a computation similar to that for an X-ray computer tomography is carried out, thereby to obtaining an attenuation slope and other data to be used as the physical characteristics of the object.

JANUS: an interactive document formatter based on declarative tags

Abstract: This paper describes the architecture of an experimental document composition system named JANUS, which is intended to support authors of complex documents containing mixtures of text and images. The JANUS system is highly interactive, providing authors with immediate feedback and direct electronic control over page layouts, using a special two-display workstation. Authors communicate with the system by marking up their documents with high-level descriptive "tags." A tag definition language is provided whereby new tags may be defined and the format of each tagged object may be controlled.

Multiplex photocopier system with portable scanner

Abstract: A multiplexing electrostatic copier system employing one or more detachable portable optical reader units, each including a "memory" or recorder, that may be readily carried about by a user for temporarily recording a "video" image of a printed document or other object to be copied or reproduced For reproducing the recorded video image, the portable units are selectively connectable to an electrostatic copy making machine at the convenience of the users to transfer the remembered or recorded "video" images to the copy machine for reproducing the stored images and preparing a hard copy of the original document, eg a printed copy document on paper The copier machine may also provide an advanced visual display of each of the transferred "video" images, enabling the users to initially observe the images before the hard copies are made

System for checking defects on a flat surface of an object

Abstract: A checking system for checking defects on an optically flat surface of an object to be checked is adapted to spirally scan the surface of the object with a laser beam which is projected from an optical head. The laser beam is reflected from the surface of the object and converted by a photodetector to an electric signal. The level of the electric signal is compared with a reference level to produce a defect signal. The rotation of the object is detected by a position sensor. A counter counts a position signal in response to the defect signal and the contents of the counter is stored, as data representing a defect start position, in a defect position memory. The length data of the defect signal is counted and stored in a defect length memory. Predetermined defect position data is read out of a defect position memory, while defect length data corresponding to the defect position data is read out of the defect length memory. Position data associated with an area to be displayed is compared with defect position data. When both data coincide with each other, the corresponding defect length data is counted down. During the down count period, defect picture element data is stored in a refresh memory. The picture element data stored in the refresh memory is delivered to a CRT where it is displayed as defect data.

System for the non-destructive testing of the internal structure of objects

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for the non-destructive testing of the internal structure of objects. The system comprises an object support, an X-ray generator and means for the detection of the attenuated X-ray beam from the object. The system also comprises means for controlling the successive displacements of the support relative to a fixed reference mark in such a way that the incident beam scans a sectional plane of the object, and means for processing the signals from the detection means for the purpose of displaying a section of the object in the sectional plane, the generator and detection means being fixed with respect to the reference mark. Application to the inspection and testing of objects by X-rays.

Apparatus for detecting the defect of pattern

Abstract: A pattern examining in which a pattern on an examined object such as reticle or mask is scanned to produce image binary signals of picture elements; binary information corresponding to a local area on the examined object is serially extracted from the image binary signals; and shape detection is effected for detecting by means of the binary information whether or not the pattern in the local area possesses a determined geometric shape or characteristics. The result of the shape detection is compared with the information on design relating to the geometric shape or characteristics which the pattern on the examined object should possess.

The use of characteristic views as a basis for recognition of three-dimensional objects

Abstract: This thesis describes a new technique for the representation of three-dimensional objects that is applicable to automation tasks such as recognition and assembly. The primary objective of this representation scheme is to reduce a 3D model into a canonic 2D model that can be used to determine object identity, orientation and location in 3D space. The reduction in dimensionality is based on the notion of factoring the space of all possible perspective projections of an object into a set of characteristic views, where each such view defines a family of projections which are topologically identical. Each characteristic view may be associated with one or more stable positions of the object. A linear transformation is then developed that allows mapping some member of the set of characteristic views to any arbitrary projection of the object to determine orientation and location of the object in 3D space. This transformation is used both for identification and for determining the stable position of the CV into which the arbitrary projection can be transformed. A line and junction labeling scheme is developed that is used for classifying the characteristic views into a hierarchy, based on the degeneracy of the projection. The labeling constraints are used at a later stage for guiding the search for matching two line structures. The problem of matching and correlating points between the characteristic view and an arbitrary projection is accomplished in two stages. In the first stage the gray-level image is reduced into a binary image describing the object line-structure. The line-structure is chain-encoded, labeled and the junctions classified. In the second stage a stage-space technique is used for matching silhouettes of the extracted line-structure to the stored characteristic-views. The semantics associated with the lines and junctions are used to prune the search space. Once the silhouettes are matched, one proceeds to determine the transformation that best maps the projection to the stored characteristic view. The transformation is then used for verifying other junction and line labels in the extracted line structure.

Consistency and Transactions in CAD Database

Abstract: A CAD database will reach a consistent state only at the end of the design process. This paper provides a framework for transforming the CAD database into the final consistent state. "or this purpose we developed a model of a design object. Each design object can be composed of several representations. Some representations are independent of any other representations and some can be derived using other representations. Several versions of each representations can be stored simultaneously in the database. Using this model we derive a set of global consistency rules. The concept of transaction is refined to suit the CAD environment. A mechanism assisting in reaching the global consistency is described. A protocol controlling the concurrent access to the representation versions is given. Finally the consistency manager observing both the consistency and the concurrency protocol is outlined.

Use of inversions in the near realtime control of selected functions in interactive buffered raster displays

Abstract: If object identity is written into pixel locations of the refresh buffer portion of a raster-driven display as objects are drawn or amended, and if such object identity is used to index color maps and tree-linked lists of multiple object displays, then editing functions, such as correlation and echoing, color mixing, and selective erasure, at the display level can be invoked and executed with a minimum of reprocessing of the display list at the host level.

Composite T-shirt construction

Abstract: A T-shirt on which a graphical representation comprises a portion imprinted on the T-shirt is a design of an overall object to be displayed with a 3-dimension self-supporting structure temporarily connected to the T-shirt completing the design.

Discrete Sequential Search with Positive Switch Cost

Abstract: Suppose one object is hidden in one of n boxes according to a known probability distribution p1,..., pn. The boxes are to be searched sequentially. The probability of overlooking the object if we search box k and if the object is in box k is denoted by qk. The cost of a search of box k amounts to ck. If we decide to search box k directly after box k' we have to pay some extra cost called switch cost: Tk', k. The problem is---under some reasonable assumptions---to construct a strategy with minimal expected cost. If T ≡ 0 the problem has a well-known solution. Unfortunately there are many reasons which establish the conjecture that there does not exist an easy construction rule for optimal strategies in the general case. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of optimal strategies which are ultimately periodic u.p.. Since we state bounds on the length not only of the transient phase but also of the period of optimal u.p. strategies we may construct these optimal strategies by comparing finitely many strategies if optimal u.p. strategies exist. We prove some other results to reduce the number of strategies which we have to compare. At last we present a numerical example.

Method and apparatus for extracting information from an object that is within a large interrogation zone

Abstract: A method and apparatus for extracting information from an object within a large interrogation zone by utilizing a retroreflective backing to define the location of the object and/or information on the object, and an apparatus designed to eliminate from consideration all specularly and diffusely reflected light otherwise present within the zone and thereby isolate the retroreflective backing within the zone. The apparatus then extracts the information which was defined by the retroreflective backing.

Stable Matching Between a Hand Structure and an Object Silhouette

Abstract: A method is proposed which determines the possible ways to grasp an object, defined by its silhouette. This method is quite general and versatile: the geometry of the object is arbitrary and a large class of grippers is allowed; no a priori information is needed, except the parameters of the gripper, and so the method applies, in particular, to all the automatic prehension problems when the object and/or its orientation are unknown. Suitable segmentation and parametrization of the silhouette yields an explicit solution and a very fast and simple algorithm.

Computer generated mold for contoured garment piece formation

Abstract: Three dimensional garment pieces are formed with a computer generated mold produced from pregathered numerical data describing the object or person to be clothed.