Showing papers on "Open design published in 2017"

What is the “Source” of Open Source Hardware?

Abstract: What “open source” means once applied to tangible products has been so far mostly addressed through the light of licensing. While this approach is suitable for software, it appears to be over-simplistic for complex hardware products. Whether such a product can be labelled as open source is not only a question of licence but a question of documentation, i.e. what is the information that sufficiently describes it? Or in other words, what is the “source” of open source hardware? To date there is no simple answer to this question, leaving large room for interpretation in the usage of the term. Based on analysis of public documentation of 132 products, this paper provides an overview of how practitioners tend to interpret the concept of open source hardware. It specifically focuses on the recent evolution of the open source movement outside the domain of electronics and DIY to that of non-electronic and complex open source hardware products. The empirical results strongly indicate the existence of two main usages of open source principles in the context of tangible products: publication of product-related documentation as a means to support community-based product development and to disseminate privately developed innovations. It also underlines the high variety of interpretations and even misuses of the concept of open source hardware. This reveals in turn that this concept may not even be clear to practitioners and calls for more narrowed down definitions of what has to be shared for a product to be called open source. This article contributes towards this effort through the definition of an open source hardware lifecycle summarizing the observed approaches to open source hardware.

Sustainable Design Futures: An open design vision for the circular economy in fashion and textiles

Abstract: This paper explores the concept of the circular economy within the context of fashion and textile design in the UK, and does so from the textile and fashion perspectives to explore how this might b...

Open Design at the Intersection of Making and Manufacturing

Abstract: This one-day workshop aims to consider the opportunities for HCI at the intersection of maker culture and professional, industrial manufacturing. In particular, we are interested in exploring how the concept of "open design" could help support productive interactions between professional manufacturers and non-professional makers. Our proposal builds on momentum established by previous related workshops (including one at CHI2016) and aims to respond critically to several key industry and government reports published in 2015-2016 on the "maker movement".

What is the “Source” of Open Source Hardware?

Abstract: What "open source" means once applied to tangible products has been so far mostly addressed through the light of licensing. While this approach is suitable for software, it appears to be over-simplistic for complex hardware products. Whether such a product can be labelled as open source is not only a question of licence but a question of documentation, i.e. what is the information that sufficiently describes it? Or in other words, what is the "source" of open source hardware? To date there is no simple answer to this question, leaving large room for interpretation in the usage of the term. Based on analysis of public documentation of 132 products, this paper provides an overview of how practitioners tend to interpret the concept of open source hardware. It specifically focuses on the recent evolution of the open source movement outside the domain of electronics and DIY to that of non-electronic and complex open source hardware products. The empirical results strongly indicate the existence of two main usages of open source principles in the context of tangible products: publication of product-related documentation as a means to support community-based product development and to disseminate privately developed innovations. It also underlines the high variety of interpretations and even misuses of the concept of open source hardware. This reveals in turn that this concept may not even be clear to practitioners and calls for more narrowed down definitions of what has to be shared for a product to be called open source. This article contributes towards this effort through the definition of an open source hardware lifecycle summarizing the observed approaches to open source hardware.

The growth of digital social innovation in Europe. An Open Design approach to support innovation for the societal good

Abstract: Built upon the definition of social innovation, the umbrella expression “digital social innovation” was introduced to describe a wide range of projects that use digital technologies, community enga...

A data-driven approach for understanding Open Design. Mapping social interactions in collaborative processes on GitHub

Abstract: The development and adoption of digital technologies in the past decades has modified existing working conditions and introduced new ones in many fields and disciplines. This process has also influ...

Supporting, categorising and visualising diverse learner behaviour on MOOCs with modular design and micro-learning

Abstract: Much is made of the diversity for MOOCs learners—with their varied motivations and interests; yet MOOCs are often run and judged on the assumption that learners would progress through the course in its entirety, to completion. This paper presents an analysis of three recently delivered MOOCs that were designed to support a broader set of learner goals. A modular design was used, where each part included well defined learning outcomes and assessment criteria, and where completion was rewarded with digital badges. The paper proposes a new categorisation of learner achievement and methods of visualising learner behaviour that compliment this more open design. Results show that this approach recognises micro-learning that is missed if only completion rates are considered.

From Design for One to Open-ended Design. Experiments on understanding how to open-up contextual design solutions

Abstract: Online platforms (i.e. Instructables) often provide design solutions developed locally for one specific person's needs. The goal of the research is to understand how existing specific projects, created to be for one person, can be translated into open design solutions that facilitate spontaneous re-appropriation in a variety of new contexts. By observing and interviewing 36 teams of students within a living lab project where occupational therapists and designers co-design personal assistive devices with and for disabled clients, we explored how the relevant design information can be meaningfully reorganized to create open design. We focused on the designers' choices of concrete attributes with a high impact on the end-result. We suggest a model wherein these attributes are listed and categorized as: Undefined, Defined-Fixed, Contextual, balancing openness and over-design. The research led to a new definition that distinguishes "Open-ended Design" from "Open Design".

Networked production and outsourced design. A comparison of three case studies

Abstract: Openness is a common feature in the contemporary design field. It may be found in both production and design processes, and enables the ability to spread information, create networks and connect pe...

Designing Design Education. An articulated programme of collective open design activities

Abstract: Design Education is changing. Setting out from the awareness that “the profile of design professions need not – and should not – remain what it is today” (Findeli, 2001, p.17) and from insight sugg...

Dragon architect: open design problems for guided learning in a creative computational thinking sandbox game

Abstract: Educational games have a potentially significant role to play in the increasing efforts to expand access to computer science education. Computational thinking is an area of particular interest, including the development of problem-solving strategies like divide and conquer. Existing games designed to teach computational thinking generally consist of either open-ended exploration with little direct guidance or a linear series of puzzles with lots of direct guidance, but little exploration. Educational research indicates that the most effective approach may be a hybrid of these two structures. We present Dragon Architect, an educational computational thinking game, and use it as context for a discussion of key open problems in the design of games to teach computational thinking. These problems include how to directly teach computational thinking strategies, how to achieve a balance between exploration and direct guidance, and how to incorporate engaging social features. We also discuss several important design challenges we have encountered during the design of Dragon Architect. We contend the problems we describe are relevant to anyone making educational games or systems that need to teach complex concepts and skills.

Distributed economies through open design and digital manufacturing

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is 1) to analyze the potential digital manufacturing technologies and open design have to achieve a distributed economy and 2) to identify the limits and possibilities of digital manufacturing and open design in relation to the principles of Design for Sustainability applied to the clothing sector. The method used was bibliographic review. This paper emphasizes the benefits of distributed economies on attempting design for sustainability principles. Then, it discusses the relation between open design and digital manufacturing with distributed economies. We argue that open design and digital manufacturing have the potential to reduce the impacts caused by the clothing sector, but we emphasize that both strategies per se do not lead to a more sustainable scenario.

What will designers do when everyone can be a designer

Abstract: In this chapter, the author writes from the position that there is no fundamental difference between the design practised by professionals and that undertaken by amateurs. Much of the literature dealing with personalisation and the involvement of the consumer in the design process has concentrated on the possibility of changing the product's appearance. In the past, one of the key advantages of the professional designer – what allowed them to engage in design to a higher level than the amateur – was their access to the means of production. Within the field of industrial design, strategies such as user-centred design and co-design are common-place methods for the integration of user needs into the design process. Sinclair and Campbell present a classification of Consumer Involvement in New Product Development (NPD), which compares the new approaches to more conventional methods. Mass customisation, crowdsourcing and open design all, to varying extents, constrain the ability of the user to modify the original design.

Open Design 3D-Printable Adjustable Micropipette that meets ISO Standard for Accuracy

Abstract: Scientific communities are drawn to the open source model as an increasingly utilitarian method to produce and share work. Initially used as a means to develop freely available soft- ware, open source projects have been applied to hardware including scientific tools. Increasing convenience of 3D printing has fueled the proliferation of open labware projects aiming to develop and share designs for scientific tools that can be produced in-house as cheap alter- natives to commercial products. We present our design of a micropipette that is assembled from 3D-printable parts and some hardware that works by actuating a disposable syringe to a user adjustable limit. Graduations on the syringe are used to accurately adjust the set point to the desired volume. Our open design printed micropipette is assessed in comparison to a commercial pipette and meets ISO 8655 standards.

From stitch to society: a multi-level and participatory approach to design research

Abstract: This paper describes a doctoral research project that investigated the theme of openness in fashion, generating insights related to reworking, open design, and the lived experience of homemade clothes. A distinctive, practice-based approach to design research emerged from the project, which uses generative and participatory processes of designing and making to investigate research questions at multiple levels: from micro-scale practical challenges to much broader social issues. This multi-level structure emphasizes the theoretical contribution of the research and the methods used, and could be used to support future design-led research projects.

A set of systemic design tools for the design of flourishing local fashion systems

Abstract: Our research is part of a new decentralized vision of the territories and takes part in the construction of new socio-technical models of circular economy, which seek to increase the environmental efficiency of processes, optimize the use of accessible resources and the autonomy of stakeholders in regional ecosystems. Our research focus on the study of intermediary objects of design present in collective entrepreneurial actions and seeks to develop new methods of animation promoting the design for emergence. More precisely, we analyze how to create more synergies between the new entrepreneurs of the territory, the existing industrial cluster and the political decision-makers by investigating three problematics: – What tools will enable actors to share a holistic and evolving vision of territorial metabolism? – How to prepare and animate organization/business modelling workshops for emergent third-places of open design and distributed production on the territory? (hubs, resource centers, fablabs, living lab…) – How to actively manage the flows and tensions present in the structure to accelerate the continuous creation of virtuous loops promoting a more circular economy? Our research is anchored in a research-action approach on the territory of Nouvelle Aquitaine. This resolutely inductive and empirical approach considers the field as a place for experimenting and confronting the concepts and tools imagined from the observations and situations experienced within this terrain. From an operational point of view, the research action is based on a collective action aimed to endeavor the development of activities around the valorization of used textiles and old clothing. It involves innovation clusters, the regional circular economy platform, sorting, upcycling and recycling centers, designers, seamstresses, brands and citizens of the territory.

Implementing ‘Design for Do-It-Yourself’ in Design Education

Abstract: The technological changes that concern the tools for making have an effect on the type of profession designers will have in the near future. The traditional ‘industrial’ relationships between suppliers, manufacturers, designers and users alter rapidly, causing business models to change as a consequence [Beyond the Brand: Why Engaging the Right Customers Is Essential to Winning in Business, Dearborn Trade Publishing, 2004; MCPC: World Conference on Mass Customization, Personalization, and Co-Creation 2011, San Francisco Airport Marriott Waterfront, 2011], as many economic principles seem to be no longer valid [NV Weekblad De Groene Amsterdammer, De Groene Amsterdammer, Amsterdam, 2015]. While many education programs prepare students for a future in a traditional user–supplier relationship context, anticipating the recent changes should probably be considered [Open Design Now, BIS Publishers, Amsterdam, 2011].

Towards a model of the open-design process: Using the grounded theory for modelling implicit design processes

Abstract: The open-source approach arose in the computer industry. It now also impacts physical goods. In order to benefit from alleged benefit of open-design for tangible artefact, it appears needed to model this design process. We thus studied the 12 projects that took part to the PoC21 innovation camp, and construct a model based on interviews of projects stakeholders we have conducted. To develop the model, we followed the methodology of the grounded theory. The two main contributions of this paper are: first, the model of the open-design; and second, the methodology we used to construct this model. We have found that it is possible to use the grounded theory framework for formalizing implicit processes. Our model depicts the open-design process as a process, which features resemble to both traditional product design processes, and open-source software development processes. However, it also presents specifics that are not shown in any of these models detailed in literature. This model can serve as a basic for future prescriptive research on open-design. Moreover, we recommend a grounded-theory based methodology to model undocumented and implicit design processes.

Products of the open design context

Abstract: Open design is commonly seen to derive from the power of the Internet and its associated technologies to distribute the means of producing and reproducing data and content of all kinds – including product designs Open design connects the generation and transmission of digital content to actual material production and physical embodiment – the making of tangible things Open design therefore represents an opening-up of the means of production of our material culture – how we make things This chapter considers products in the open design context more broadly, in relation to considerations of sustainability and practices of social and sustainable design It takes a broad view of the term ‘product’ Object-based designing is not necessarily the optimal way of addressing the ‘wicked’ problems we face as manifestations of the inherent unsustainability of our existing systems of production and consumption, and our current lifestyles and value systems The open design context can be seen to extend beyond the current model of the creation of products via an expanded circle of participation, to include the expanded field of design represented by service design and social innovation This chapter, therefore, considers not simply products in the open design context (in the form of new modes of doing product design) but also products of the open design context It uses an expanded idea of product which includes any form of designed outcome, physical or non-physical, and an expanded idea of openness which goes beyond the internet- and digitally-enabled production of physical objects

Geometry as Assembly - Integrating design and fabrication with discrete modular units

Abstract: This paper proposes a design and fabrication approach based on the conceptualization of architectural formations as spatial assemblies of discrete building blocks to be aggregated through custom robotic procedures. Such strategy attempts to create synergies between different technological methods and to define a new and open design space where discrete design, serial prototyping and robotic assembly can be exploited to create complex reconfigurable structures. With the aim to allow users to explore the field of discrete geometries for architectural application without need for prior programming knowledge, we developed a software framework for representing and designing with discrete elements, different digital fabrication techniques integrated with conventional production processes for serial prototyping of repetitive units, and custom robotic fabrication routines, allowing a direct translation from aggregated geometry to assembly toolpath. Together these methods aim at creating a more direct connection between design and fabrication, relying on the idea of discrete elements assembly and on the parallel between modular design and modularized robot code generation.

Exploration on the matching between Optical Comprehensive Design Experiment and Washington Accord

Abstract: Common problems faced in optical comprehensive design experiment and going against the Washington Accord are pointed out. For resolving these problems, an instructional and innovative teaching scheme for Optics Comprehensive Design Experiment is proposed. We would like to understand the student that can improve the hands-on practical ability, theory knowledge understanding ability, complex problem solving ability, engineering application ability, cooperative ability after tracking and researching the student who have attended the class about Optical Comprehensive Design Experiment, We found that there are some problems on the course such as the experiment content vague, the student beginning less time, phase separation theory and engineering application, the experiment content lack of selectivity and so on. So we have made some improvements reference to the Washington Accord for the class teaching plan about Optical Comprehensive Design Experiment. This class must relevant to the engineering basic courses, professional foundation course and the major courses, so far as to the future study and work that which can play a role in inheriting and continuity to the students. The Optical Comprehensive Design Experiment teaching program requires students learning this course to have learnt basic courses like analog electronics technique, digital electronic technique, applied optics and computer and other related courses which students are required to comprehensively utilize. This teaching scheme contains six practical complex engineering problems which are respectively optical system design, light energy meter design, illuminometer design, material refractive index measuring system design, light intensity measuring system design and open design. Establishing the optional experiment and open experiment can provide students with a greater choice and enhance the students' creativity, vivid teaching experimental teachers and enriching contents of experiment can make the experiment more interesting, providing students with more opportunities to conduct experiment and improving students' practical ability with long learning time, putting emphasis on student's understanding of complex engineering problems and the cognitive of the process to solve complex engineering problems with actual engineering problems. Applying the scheme in other courses and improving accordingly will be able to ensure the quality of engineering education. Look forward to offering useful reference for the curriculum system construction in colleges and universities.

Highlights in Mechatronic Design Approaches

Abstract: In the recent years a major change in the engineering process of mechatronics and robotics has taken place. In various design oriented laboratories around the world a shift can be recognised from a focus on analysis, simulation and modelling combined with outsourcing hardware design to the use of digital fabrication tools (laser cutter, 3D printer) allowing a cyclic (iterative) design process inside in the lab. This chapter aims to give an overview of the impact of this change, using many examples from various projects, and will share some insights and lessons learned for facilitating and implementing this process.

Open Source Repository, Discovering Resources for Forensic Accounting Education - An Exploratory Approach

Abstract: With the recent growing development of open education resources has opened up new avenues for education, learning and research. The open educational resources are offered universally with or without fee in the shape of courses or educational content regardless of credit hours or award of any degree or certificate. The typical societal paradigm, all leading world surveys indicate that we are living in a world, where white collar crimes and frauds are accelerating day by day. This has necessitated increasing the capacity of self-learners, students, educators and practitioners across the broad spectrum of jurisdictions confronting fraud must have an easy access to anti-fraud educational resources. The renowned universities around the world have responded to offer free or with nominal charges open anti-fraud education resources that can meet the modern day challenges of fraud, cyber-crime, and other white collar crimes.

Design Competencies Futures: How do we REDO Design Education?

Abstract: The REDO biannual Cumulus 2017 conference in Kolding describes “how designers struggle on many levels to gain influence on the decision-making processes” and that we need to “rethink design-doing.” In our professional and didactic experience, designers not always have the language or terminology to convey the depth, value or validity of ‘design-doing’ contributions to these decision-making processes. This raises the question whether design education can do a better job in providing language that can help design students articulate what makes ‘design doing’ so special and relevant. In order to better articulate the value, depth and validity of ‘design doing’ we have developed a framework of design competencies that maybe helpful to other design educators to define, organize and measure the value of ‘design doing’, and help future design practitioners to better understand and communicate the value of what they have learned. After a brief description of the pedagogical context from which the work originated, this paper presents a conference workshop proposal that aims to introduce participants to a framework of ‘design doing’ competencies that allows for diversity and scalability in usage, while appreciating the different cultural, national and regional backgrounds and variations for different design disciplines. In the workshop, we will guide participants through a series of hands-on exercises and ‘visual thinking’ experiences that enable design educators and practitioners to define and detail dynamic, open design competencies in a playful, energizing way. The overarching aim of the workshop is to collaboratively develop a shared language and terminology that helps educators, practitioners and design students to understand, define and communicate the value of ‘design doing’.