Showing papers on "Ostium published in 2000"

Filter apparatus for ostium of left atrial appendage

Abstract: Apparatus for permanent placement across an ostium of a left atrial appendage in a patient, which includes a filtering membrane configured to extend across the ostium of the left atrial appendage. The filtering membrane has a permeable structure which allows blood to flow through but substantially inhibits thrombus from passing therethrough. The apparatus also includes a support structure attached to the filtering membrane which retains the filtering membrane in position across the ostium of the left atrial appendage by permanently engaging a portion of the interior wall of the left atrial appendage. The support structure may be radially expandable from a first configuration to a second configuration which engages the ostium or the interior wall of the left atrial appendage. The filtering membrane may define an opening therethrough that is configured to expand from a first size which inhibits the passage of thrombus therethrough to a second size which allows an interventional device, e.g., an expansion balloon, to pass therethrough, and wherein the opening is resiliently biased towards the first size.

Barrier device for ostium of left atrial appendage

Abstract: A membrane applied to the ostium of an atrial appendage for blocking blood from entering the atrial appendage which can form blood clots therein is disclosed. The membrane also prevents blood clots in the atrial appendage from escaping therefrom and entering the blood stream which can result in a blocked blood vessel, leading to strokes and heart attacks. The membranes are percutaneously installed in patients experiencing atrial fibrillations and other heart conditions where thrombosis may form in the atrial appendages. A variety of means for securing the membranes in place are disclosed. The membranes may be held in place over the ostium of the atrial appendage or fill the inside of the atrial appendage. The means for holding the membranes in place over the ostium of the atrial appendages include prongs, stents, anchors with tethers or springs, disks with tethers or springs, umbrellas, spiral springs filling the atrial appendages, and adhesives. After the membrane is in place a filler substance may be added inside the atrial appendage to reduce the volume, help seal the membrane against the ostium or clot the blood in the atrial appendage. The membranes may have anticoagulants to help prevent thrombosis. The membranes be porous such that endothelial cells cover the membrane presenting a living membrane wall to prevent thrombosis. The membranes may have means to center the membranes over the ostium. Sensors may be attached to the membrane to provide information about the patient.

The Anatomic Basis of Connections Between the Coronary Sinus Musculature and the Left Atrium in Humans

Abstract: Background—This study determined the histological features of the atrial myocardium connecting the coronary sinus and the left atrium in humans. Methods and Results—Ten necropsied hearts were studied by performing serial longitudinal sections parallel to the long axis of the coronary sinus that extended its full length using a large microtome. In all specimens, the venous wall of the coronary sinus was surrounded by a cuff of striated muscle extending 40±8 mm from the ostium. Striated myocardial connections of varying number and morphology left this coronary muscle cuff and connected to the left atrium; they ranged from 1 to 2 fascicles to a widely intermingled continuum (thickness, 2.79±2 mm; width, 2.91±3.5 mm). These connections originated 8.8±5.7 mm from the coronary sinus ostium and inserted 18±11 mm distally into the left atrium. The insulating compartment in which the connections traversed between the left atrium and the coronary sinus was mostly formed of adipose tissue. The valve of Vieussens was...

Barrier device for covering the ostium of left atrial appendage

Abstract: A membrane applied to the ostium of an atrial appendage is disclosed The membrane prevents blood clots in the atrial appendage from escaping therefrom and entering the blood stream which can result in a blocked blood vessel, leading to strokes and heart attacks The membrane may be permeable or impermeable with respect to blood flow The membrane is configured to extend over the ostium of the left atrial appendage The membrane has an outer periphery with a dimension larger than a corresponding dimension of the ostium Securement means is provided to secure the outer periphery of the membrane in direct engagement with the atrial wall surrounding the ostium The securement means may be located between the membrane and the atrial wall, or the securement means may extend distally from the membrane through the ostium

Method of delivering a stent with a side opening

Abstract: A method of aligning a side opening in a primary stent in registry with the ostium of a branch vessel includes advancing a first guidewire through a primary vessel such that a distal end of the first guidewire extends past an intersection of the primary vessel and the branch vessel, advancing a catheter over the first guidewire to the intersection of the primary vessel and the branch vessel. A second guidewire is advanced out of the stent through the side opening and into the branch vessel.

Ostial stent positioning device and method

Abstract: A stent positioning device and associated method for precisely delivering and deploying an intravascular stent in a vascular lumen adjacent the ostium thereof. The stent positioning device is slidably disposed about a stent delivery catheter and includes a distally disposed expandable member having an expanded diameter that is larger than the vascular lumen adjacent the ostium. The stent positioning device is positioned in the vasculature such that the distal end of the expandable member engages the ostium. The stent delivery catheter is positioned such that the proximal end of the stent is positioned adjacent the distal end of the expandable member by using either a visible marker on the stent delivery catheter or a radiopaque marker on the expandable member. When the stent is positioned adjacent the distal end of the expandable member, the stent may be deployed such that the proximal end of the stent is located in the vascular lumen adjacent the ostium.

Bifurcation stent system and method

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for deploying a stent (20) in a bifurcated body lumen (10). The stent comprises a tubular body defining a lumen therethrough and having a side hole. The tubular body has a first portion (28) with a first wall mass and a second portion (26) with a second wall mass. The first wall mass is less than the second wall mass. When deployed, first portions of two stents overlap in a bifurcated body lumen. The side holes of the two stents are aligned with ostium of branch vessels (14, 16) at a bifurcated body lumen.

Pulmonary vein ablation stent and method

Abstract: A system for treating atrial fibrillation includes a stent and a delivery catheter for carrying the stent to a treatment site. The stent is self-expanding, for example, being formed of a shape memory alloy, and is configured to lodge against the interior wall of a pulmonary vein. The stent may be formed as a loop, helix, progressively wound helix or other suitable shape, and in one embodiment has an exposed proximal portion including an ablation region that contacts and subtends a circumference of the vein, or contacts endocardial wall tissue along a circumferential path at the ostium. The proximal portion is attached to an energy delivery line in the catheter to energize the stent and ablate tissue in the circumferential region, forming a lesion to block conduction across the ostium or preventing trigger signals originating in the pulmonary vein from initiating or sustaining fibrillation in the atrium. The stent also provides support for the vessel wall, reducing the likelihood of developing pulmonary vein stenosis. The stent may also be deployed without concurrent or concomitant ablation, to prevent or treat primary or secondary pulmonary vein stenosis.

Documentation of Variations in Sinonasal Anatomy by Intraoperative Nasal Endoscopy

Abstract: Objectives: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) requires a thorough understanding of the variability in sinonasal anatomy. Previous reports have relied primarily on anatomic studies of cadaveric specimens or skulls, or on radiographic analysis. Relatively few comparative anatomic data have been accumulated with endoscopic examination of living patients. Study Design: Retrospective review of video recordings of 119 consecutive patients undergoing intraoperative nasal endoscopy at the time of sinonasal surgery. Methods: At the beginning of each surgical procedure, endoscopic examination of the nasal cavities was performed with 0° and 30° telescopes and recorded with a three-chip video camera on 3/4-inch U-matic videotape. These video records were then reviewed with attention to variations in anatomical configuration of different sinonasal structures. Results: Data demonstrating variations in the anatomical configuration of the following structures of the lateral nasal wall are presented. Middle turbinate: typical (63%), concha bullosa (15%), sagittal cleft (6%), laterally displaced (4%), “L” shaped (3%), medially bent (3%), laterally bent (3%), medially displaced (2%), and transverse cleft (0.5%). Uncinate process: typical (85%) and medially rotated (15%). Ethmoid bulla: typical or balloon (45%), sausage-shaped (34%), and flat (21%). Accessory ostium: round (50%), oval (46%), and kidney-shaped (4%). Sphenoid sinus ostium: oval (42%), slit (32%), and round (26%). The classification system for the anatomical categories is illustrated with digitized images. Conclusions: This study attempts to provide statistical data regarding variations in sinonasal anatomy in living subjects. Familiarity with such anatomy is important in differentiating normal variants from pathological conditions to optimize surgical treatment of sinus disease, while avoiding complications.

Influence of coronary anatomy and reimplantation on the long-term outcome of the arterial switch.

Abstract: Background: Abnormal coronary artery anatomy is reported to have a significant influence on the outcome of the arterial switch operation. This study examines the impact of coronary anatomy and the occurrence of late coronary obstruction on left ventricular (LV) function and long-term outcome. Methods: Coronary artery anatomy, of 170 patients after arterial switch operation (1977-1999), was determined based on operative reports and pre-operative aortograms, Current status was evaluated using ECGs, echocardiograms, scintigraphy, and post-operative coronary angiograms. Results: In 133/170 patients, coronary artery anatomy consisted of an anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex artery (Cx) from the left sinus and the right coronary artery (RCA) from the right or posterior sinus. The left coronary had an intramural initial course in two of these patients, Fifteen patients had the LAD from the left and Cx and RCA from the right sinus; eight had LAD and RCA from one sinus and Cx from the other; four lead single ostium: and three had three separate ostia. Four patients had complex patterns and four patients had a supra commissural coronary. To date, follow-up angiography was performed in 59 patients. Surgical coronary sequellae were found in five patients, Two patients had an occluded left ostium, Initially, they were asymptomatic but showed polymorphic ventricular extrasystoles on ECG and moderate LV dysfunction with large irreversible perfusion defects on scintigraphy. Both patients developed ventricular fibrillation at the age of 14 years. One patient did not survive. The other patient required implantation of a defibrillator. One patient has an occluded RCA, one patient has stenosis of the right ostium and one patient has multiple tortuous collaterals without obstruction of a major branch. In the latter three patients, coronary sequellae were not suspected on ECG, echo, or scintigraphy and were only found on follow-up angiography. Retrograde collateral flow was noted in all three occluded coronaries. LV dysfunction, with normal coronaries, was noted in three patients. All, of these patients, had peri-operative ischaemia suggesting failure of myocardial protection. Two are now asymptomatic with mild LV dysfunction One patient continues to have severe myocardial dysfunction and secondary aortic insufficiency. A Ross-like procedure was performed placing the original aortic valve in the neo-aortic root. Coronary artery anatomy did not influence early survival or late coronary sequellae. Conclusion: Abnormal coronary anatomy was not a determinant of outcome in our study. Surgical coronary obstruction is independent of original anatomy. It can be almost silent and is potentially fatal Follow-up angiography must be considered in all patients after the arterial switch operation.

Surgical treatment of 52 patients with congenital coronary artery fistulas

Abstract: Objective To report surgical treatment of congenital coronary artery fistulas (CAF) in 52 patients between May 1988 and July 1997. Methods Fifty two patients ranged from 9 months to 58 years (mean 15 7±16 4 years) were operated. There were 36 patients without other coexisting cardiac defects, 9 of them over 20 years old were symptomatic, while only one less than 20 years old had clinical findings before operation. Sixteen patients associated with other cardiac lesions. The fistulae originated from right coronary artery in 37 patients (71 2%), and from left coronary artery system in 15 patients (28 8%). The sites of CAF drainage were to right ventricle, right atrium, left ventricle, left atrium and pulmonary artery in 22 (43 3%), 16(30 8%), 6(11 5%), 3(5 8%) and 5(9 6%) patients respectively. Results Correction under cardiopulmonary bypass was done in all patients with no mortality. The proximal opening of a fistula was closed through an arteriotomy on the anomalous coronary artery in 10 patients. Closure of the distal opening of a fistula draining into a cardiac chamber or the pulmonary artery was performed in 26 patients. In 16 patients, both the proximal and distal opening were closed. Two and 3 distal openings of a fistula were found in 6 and 3 patients respectively. The mean diameter of fistulas in 43 patients with single ostium was 7 34±4 12 mm (2 15 mm). No residual shunt was found at discharge from the hospital. Thirty seven patients were followed up for a mean period of 3 51±1 72 years (1 month 8 years). There were no clinical symptoms in all patients during follow up. ST T change persisted in one patient. Conclusion Early surgical management is a safe and effective treatment for congenital coronary fistula. Accurately locating and closing of the opening of CAF is the key point to prevent residual shunt. Other associated cardiac defects should be treated simultaneously.

Noncontact Mapping-Guided Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Associated with Left Atrial Ectopy

Abstract: We report the use of a novel noncontact mapping system used to perform left atrial mapping and to guide radiofrequency ablation in two patients, each with atrial fibrillation (AF) triggered by left atrial ectopy. A noncontact multielectrode probe and ablation catheter were advanced into the left atrium through a transseptal puncture or a patent foramen ovale. Isopotential mapping delineated the focal origin at the ostium of the right lower pulmonary vein in one patient and close to the ostium of the left upper pulmonary vein in the other patient. The ablation catheter was guided to the target sites using a locator signal. The foci were ablated successfully in both patients. No recurrences of AF were observed during follow-up at 4 and 6 months, respectively.

Congenital atresia of the ostium of the left coronary artery. Diagnostic difficulty and successful surgical revascularization in two patients.

Abstract: We report two cases of congenital atresia of the ostium of the left coronary artery. Case 1: a six-month-old infant presenting with serious cardiac insufficiency. A noninvasive diagnosis of dilated myocardiopathy was established and the clinical picture was pharmacologically compensated. When the patient was nine months of age, a hemodynamic study was performed that revealed congenital atresia of the ostium of the left coronary artery; the infant immediately underwent a successful anastomosis of the internal mammary artery with the left coronary artery. Case 2: an eleven-year-old asymptomatic boy with a history of heart murmur from the age of six months on, was refered for surgery with a diagnosis of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from pulmonary trunk. A definitive diagnosis of atresia of the left coronary ostium was only established during surgery. Successful surgical revascularization with the left internal mammary artery, and left ventricular aneurysmectomy were performed.

System and method for accessing the coronary sinus

Abstract: The invention is generally directed to an accessing system for a patient's coronary sinus which includes a tubular support member with a distal extremity extending into the right atrium of the patient's heart. A guide member is disposed within a first lumen of the tubular support member and advanced out an angled distal tip, through the patient's coronary sinus ostium and into the coronary sinus. A stabilizing member, similar to a conventional intravascular guidewire, is disposed within a second lumen of the tubular support member and extends into the right ventricle of the patient and is seated in the apex thereof. To advance the guide member into the CS ostium, the position of the distal extremity of the tubular support member is adjusted within the atrial chamber by moving longitudinally along or rotating about (or both) the stabilizing member and the guide member is advanced into the CS ostium. These steps may be repeated in a predetermined pattern in order to pass into the coronary sinus ostium.

A case of a persistent left vena cava superior with atresia of the right atrial ostium of the coronary sinus

Abstract: A persistent left vena cava superior with an atretic ostium of the coronary sinus was found during the routine dissecting course in the embalmed cadaver of an 83-year-old woman who had died from cardiac infarction. The left vena cava superior was very narrow in diameter (4 mm), originated at the lateral part of the left vena brachiocephalica and ran down between the venae pulmonales sinistrae and the auricula sinistra. The vena cava opened into the sinus coronarius of the heart, which terminated as a blind sac due to an atretic ostium. The vena coronaria sinistra as well as the vena interventricularis posterior drained into the sinus coronarius. Congenital atresia of the coronary opening is a rare malformation and is usually associated with other anomalies. The congenital ostial atresia could be the cause of a persistent left vena cava superior, which then takes over the drainage of the cardiac veins.

Laparoscopic aortorenal bypass

Abstract: Background and Purpose: Open surgical renovascular repair, although producing excellent results, confers significant operative morbidity. As a result, less morbid procedures such as percutaneous balloon angioplasty and stenting have gained increasing acceptance. Laparoscopic techniques have not previously been applied to renal revascularization. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the technical feasibility and the long-term clinical and pathologic outcomes of laparoscopic aorto–left renal artery bypass in a chronic porcine model. Materials and Methods: Eight animals were used in the study. All laparoscopic suturing and knot-tying were performed intracorporeally using free-hand techniques. The following operative steps were employed: (1) aortic dissection and cross-clamping; (2) transection and refashioning of the left renal artery ostium; (3) in-situ renal hypothermia; (4) end-to-side aorto–left renal artery anastomosis; and (5) aortic unclamping. In situ renal hypothermia was achieved lapar...

Analysis of the course and the ostium of the oblique vein of the left atrium.

Abstract: Considerating the origin of the coronary sinus and the oblique vein of the left atrium, both are remnants of the left horn of the embryonal venous sinus. The studies were carried out on 100 human cadaver hearts. The causes of death were not cardiac reasons, no detectable changes in the coronary arteries. In the study, dissections and corrosion technique were used. Heart veins were filled by metacrylan through the coronary sinus. The beginning, the course, the tributaries and the ostium oblique vein of the left atrium to the coronary sinus were investigated. The variability of the length and the venous tributaries and the ostium of the oblique vein of the left atrium were noticed. The variability of the venous tributaries (the dendritic, forked and simple types of the tributaries) was noticed. Four groups of ostium were observed. The ostium oblique vein of the left atrium was situated at the level of: the posterior vein of the left ventricle and also the great cardiac vein, the posterior vein of the left ventricle, the great cardiac vein and the independence ostium.

The intranasal ostium after external dacryocystorhinostomy and the internal opening of the lacrimal canaliculi

Abstract: The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the appearance and location of the healed intranasal ostium and the internal aperture of the common canaliculus after uncomplicated external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). In 21 patients who underwent uncomplicated external DCR, the distances between the lacrimal puncta and the internal aperture of the common canaliculus were measured during surgery. The measurements were taken with a 1 mm diameter Bowman probe graded in millimeters. These measurements were recorded and considered the landmarks for the spatial localization of the internal aperture of the canaliculus. After surgery, under endoscopic control, the same method was used to measure the distance between the lacrimal puncta and the internal ostium, which was defined as the aperture through which it was possible to visualize the very first protrusion of the probe into the nose. The intra- and post-operative measurements were compared. Endoscopic photos of the healed endonasal ostium were also taken. The photos showed that when DCR procedures were not complicated by scarring or mucosal adhesions, the lacrimal sac became a depression perfectly integrated within the nasal mucosa. The scar at the site of junction between the nasal and the lacrimal sac mucosa appeared as a large-diameter pearl-like colored frame that surrounded the depression. In the context of the depression a small aperture, which presented a diameter of around 2 mm, could be easily visualized. The spatial location of this aperture corresponded to the internal aperture of the common canaliculus (p < 0.05).

About variability of Vieussen valve in the adult human heart

Abstract: The Vieussen valve is situated at the ostium of the great cardiac vein to the coronary sinus. There are no details about its shape in anatomic literature. The tested material consisted of 150 adult human hearts of both sexes from 18 to 85 years of age, fixed in a formalin/ethanol solution. Classical macroscopic anatomical methods were used. The Vieussen valve was found in about 65% of the tested material. It showed a large variability in terms of morphology.

Ectopic "high" origin of both coronary arteries from the left aortic wall: anatomic and postmortem angiographic findings.

Abstract: Anatomic and postmortem angiographic findings of a previously unreported case of ectopic origins and unusual courses of the right coronary (RC) artery and the left coronary (LC) artery were demonstrated. This specimen was unique among 450 angiographies and 60 corrosion castings of the human hearts examined in this study. The ostium of the RC artery was pocket-like, located in the left aortic wall at roughly 180 degrees to the long axis of the ascending aorta and 19 mm above the rim of the sinotubular junction (SJ). Initially, the RC runs to the right and downward, passing high in the cleft between the aorta and the pulmonary trunk, thereby avoiding a possible compression from them. The ostium of the LC faced upward and originated from the left aortic wall 7 mm above the SJ. The LC ran to the left and downwards for 16 mm until its division. Histologically, the first 11 mm of the RC were elastic. This observation, together with its high course between the great vessels, combined to make this case benign. The best x-ray projections to show the characteristic findings of the present case were anteroposterior and lateral, which were of practical importance for the correct determination and interpretation of this case. The cardiac surgeon should be aware that high cannulation will be required to locate the RC to avoid accidentally cross-clamping or transecting the vessel during surgery where this anomaly may be encountered.

A device for washing or irrigation of the vaginal cavity and the urethral ostium

Abstract: A device is disclosed for washing or irrigating the vaginal cavity and the urethral ostium having a flexible container for the washing solution, an olive-shaped nozzle with apical, radial and basal ejection openings. The nozzle further comprises a stem to be inserted into the tube, to which a disc or cup is also fitted.

Global myocardial ischemia as a complication of an acute type A aortic dissection--rapid diagnosis of a case by transesophageal echocardiography.

Abstract: A 36-year-old female was admitted for severe chest pain followed by profound shock. Electrocardiography showed severe ST segment depression (0.5-0.7 mV) in all leads except aVR and aVL. Echocardiography revealed an intimal flap in the ascending aorta and coexisting grade 3 aortic regurgitation. She was immediately intubated and transferred to the intensive care unit. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) demonstrated an intimal tear at 2 cm above the sinotubular junction, and the ostium of the left main trunk was oppressed by the intimal flap during diastole. Emergency graft replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic hemiarch concomitant with aortic valve resuspension was performed successfully. The ECG changes reversed to normal immediately after the operation. The patient was extubated 2 days postoperatively and discharged from the hospital 14 days postoperatively. TEE is useful for the rapid evaluation of coronary malperfusion as a complication of acute aortic dissection, especially in patients with hemodynamic instability.

Fluid delivery apparatus and methods

Abstract: An infusion/guide catheter which is adapted to be introduced into a coronary ostium of a coronary artery of the heart of a patient through an opening in an aorta of the patient, preferably without the aid of fluoroscopic guidance, for delivery of a fluid, such as a cardioplegia solution, or passage of a catheter, into the coronary artery while still permitting blood perfusion from the aorta in to the ostium. Catheters adapted to be passed into a coronary vessel for delivery of a fluid, such as a cardioplegia solution. Preferably, the catheters can be placed without the use of fluoroscopy, although fluoroscopy may be optionally used under certain circumstances. In one embodiment, the infusion catheter generally comprises a tube having at least one lumen, a proximal end, and a distal end, the tube having at least one bend to facilitate placement of the distal end of the tube into the ostium of the coronary artery when the proximal end of the tube extends from the opening in the aorta, wherein the distal end of the tube is configured to fit within the coronary ostium while still permitting blood perfusion from the aorta into the ostium. The infusion catheter can be used as a system in conjunction with an intravascular catheter, an intraluminal shunt or similar drug delivery device which can be inserted directly into a coronary vessel, such as the right or left coronary artery or vein, following cardioplegia administration through the infusion catheter. The intravascular catheter, intraluminal shunt or similar drug delivery device can be used to deliver a fluid, such as a cardioplegia solution, more locally in the heart to enhance the efficiency of fluid or drug administration. Several embodiments include a light delivery portion capable of illuminating a distal end of the catheter for visualization thereof through the vasculature. A guidewire having a light delivery portion is also capable of illuminating a distal end of a catheter for placement of the catheter in a coronary vessel without the use of fluoroscopy.

Three cases of pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Abstract: Three cases of pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma, which were surgically treated in our hospital, were reported. The first case was 28-year-old male, who had hemoptysis, underwent right upper lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection on October 31, 1973. The tumor located and obstructed the ostium of right B2. The diameter was 2.3 x 1.8 cm. The second case was 63-year-old male, who had obstructive pneumonia, underwent left upper lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection on November 18, 1998. The tumor located and obstructed the ostium of lingular bronchus, and the diameter was 1.8 x 1.2 cm. The third case was 25-year-old male, who had obstructive pneumonia, underwent left sleeve lower lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection on May 26, 1999. The tumor located in ostium of left B6, and it obstructed lower bronchus and expanded into the lung. The diameter was 4 x 2 cm. All cases were diagnosed as low grade malignancy with no lymph node metastasis. The first case survived without recurrence at least 5 years as far as we followed, and the others are surviving until now without any signs of recurrence. These three cases were 0.19% of total resected lung cancers in our hospital from 1969 to 1999.

Method for assessing the need for case-specific hemodynamics: application to the distribution of vascular permeability.

Abstract: A common approach to understanding the role of hemodynamics in atherogenesis is to seek relationships between parameters of the hemodynamic environment, and the distribution of tissue variables thought to be indicative of early disease. An important question arising in such investigations is whether the distributions of tissue variables are sufficiently similar among cases to permit them to be described by an ensemble average distribution. If they are, the hemodynamic environment needs be determined only once, for a nominal representative geometry; if not, the hemodynamic environment must be obtained for each case. A method for classifying distributions from multiple cases to answer this question is proposed and applied to the distributions of the uptake of Evans blue dye labeled albumin by the external iliac arteries of swine in response to a step increase in flow. It is found that the uptake patterns in the proximal segment of the arteries, between the aortic trifurcation and the ostium of the circumflex iliac artery, show considerable case-to-case variability. In the distal segment, extending to the deep femoral ostium, many cases show very little spatial variation, and the patterns in those that do are similar among the cases. Thus the response of the distal segment may be understood with fewer simulations, but the proximal segment has more information to offer. © 2000 Biomedical Engineering Society.

Giant intraluminal duodenal diverticulum: conventional barium study and computed tomography findings

Abstract: A case is reported of an asymptomatic intraluminal duodenal diverticulum (IDD) in a 21-year-old male patient with associated congenital abnormalities. During endoscopy for anemia an ostium in the duodenum was visualized, presumed to be the entry to an extraduodenal diverticulum. Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) barium examination showed, however, findings compatible with IDD. This diagnosis was supported by an abdominal computed tomographic (CT) examination. Surgical resection revealed a web in D2 with coexistent large IDD.