Showing papers on "Paging published in 1994"

Method for communicating in a wireless communication system

Abstract: A communications system in which information is transmitted in a plurality of time slots grouped into a plurality of superframes which are, in turn, grouped into a plurality of paging frames. A remote station receives paging messages once in each paging frame.

Beyond Competitive Analysis

Abstract: The competitive analysis of online algorithms has been criticized as being too crude and unrealistic. We propose refinements of competitive analysis in two directions: The first restricts the power of the adversary by allowing only certain input distributions, while the other allows for comparisons between information regimes for online decision-making. We illustrate the first with an application to the paging problem; as a byproduct we characterize completely the work functions of this important special case of the k-server problem. We use the second refinement to explore the power of lookahead in server and task systems.

The k -server dual and loose competitiveness for paging

Abstract: Weighted caching is a generalization ofpaging in which the cost to evict an item depends on the item. We study both of these problems as restrictions of the well-knownk-server problem, which involves moving servers in a graph in response to requests so as to minimize the distance traveled.

Location dependent information receiving device and method

Abstract: A portable device (55) has a first receiver (62) for receiving a paging signal (40-52) from a paging system (10). A second receiver (72) receives area identification signals (20-26) from a second system. The received paging signals may be stored in a memory (80) for later retrieval. A controller (75) examines the paging signals (40-52) and selects messages having a location signal (44, 50) matching a location of the device (55). The address of the device (66) may also be used to select the messages. Upon selection, an alert is generated by an alert means (82) and the message is annunciated on a display (84).

Digital control channels having logical channels for multiple access radiocommunication

Abstract: A communications system in which information is transmitted in successive time slots grouped into a plurality of superframes which are, in turn, grouped into a plurality of hyperframes. A remote station (120) is assigned to one of the time slots in each of the superframes for paging the remote station, each hyperframe including at least two superframes, and the information sent in the assigned time slot in one superframe in each hyperframe is repeated in the assigned time slot in the other superframe(s) in each hyperframe. Each superframe can include a plurality of time slots used for sending paging messages to remote stations, grouped into a plurality of successive paging frames, and the time slot to which the remote station is assigned is included once in every paging frame. Also, each superframe may include time slots comprising a logical channel for broadcast control information and time slots comprising a logical paging channel.

Paging transmission system

Abstract: Method and apparatus for sending, receiving, and displaying textual and/or graphic data via an alpha-numeric paging system wherein source data in binary form is converted to an alphanumeric code for transmission via the paging system; a paging receiver with storage capability used in combination with a computer then receives the transmitted data and downloads the alphanumeric code data for reconversion to binary data and subsequent display of the text and/or graphic data.

System and method for integration of a paging server into a private branch exchange environment

Abstract: A communication system and method of use which integrates a paging system into the PBX communication environment providing enhance performance and capabilities. A PBX environment brings together many forms of communication: telephony conversations, voice mail, electronic mail, Fax messages, and others. The paging system, which consists of a paging server, a voice response unit, and end user paging devices, is integrated into the PBX environment making it the focal point of communications. The paging devices provide immediate and visual indication to the user of a request for callback and relative urgency for the callback, and of the arrival of other forms of communication such as a voice mail message, electronic mail, and Fax. The paging system subscriber need only look at his paging device to determine if E-Mail, Voice Mail, or facsimile messages await. Performance is also enhanced for a caller trying to reach a paging system subscriber. Callers only need to dial a single phone number, rather than a phone number for the office and a different phone number to page. Because the paging system utilizes a voice response unit, callers are informed of their options and instructed how to complete their communication.

System and method for identifying the incoming directory number when multiple directory numbers are assigned to one wireless device

Abstract: A system and method for delivering called party identification (shown on 150 for example) to a called telephone wireless station set (e.g.115) during paging of the called wireless telephone, or, advantageously, after call set up but before ringing starts. A control unit then may cause the called line to be displayed, may cause a distinctive ring to be made, or take other action depending upon its program.

An evaluation of location management procedures

Abstract: This paper gives a comparative description of two scenarios for location management in a mobile telecommunications system The first scenario uses fixed location and paging areas Mobiles perform a location update as they enter a new location area The second scenario uses a time-out based location updating scheme Mobiles start their timer as they leave the paging area they are currently registered in As the timer elapses, the mobile performs a location update Both scenarios also differ in the way paging is performed In the first scenario it is only necessary to page in the location area the mobile is currently registered in In order to do this efficiently, the paging is done in a 2-step fashion: mobiles are paged first in the paging area in which they were registered in, and next in the entire location area they are registered in In the second scenario the mobile is paged in multiple steps: first in the paging area it is registered in, next in a circle of paging areas surrounding that area, and so on, until the mobile is found, or the number of steps has reached a certain upper limit Results comprise a quantitative and qualitative comparison of these scenarios, and guidelines for optimal application >

Method and apparatus for the direct transfer of information between application programs running on distinct processors without utilizing the services of one or both operating systems

Abstract: The functions of two virtual operating systems (e.g., S/370 VM, VSE or IX370 and S/88 OS) are merged into one physical system. Partner pairs of S/88 processors run the S/88 OS and handle the fault tolerant and single system image aspects of the system. One or more partner pairs of S/370 processors are coupled to corresponding S/88 processors directly and through the S/88 bus. Each S/370 processor is allocated from 1 to 16 megabytes of contiguous storage from the S/88 main storage. Each S/370 virtual operating system thinks its memory allocation starts at address 0, and it manages its memory through normal S/370 dynamic memory allocation and paging techniques. The S/370 is limit checked to prevent the S/370 from accessing S/88 memory space. The S/88 Operating System is the master over all system hardware and I/O devices. The S/88 processors access the S/370 address space in direct response to a S/88 application program so that the S/88 may move I/O data into the S/370 I/O buffers and process the S/370 I/O operations. The S/88 and S/370 peer processor pairs execute their respective Operating Systems in a single system environment without significant rewriting of either operating system. Neither operating system is aware of the other operating system nor the other processor pairs.

User-programmable paging system controller having priority-based, multiple input paging access capability for selectively activating one or more audio/visual paging output devices

Abstract: A paging system controller is accessible from a plurality of input devices, such as an attendant's position, a telephone interface, telephone night bell, programmable switch devices and digital data communications devices, and is user-programmable to respond to signalling activity sourced from such accessing devices to establish a paging connection to and perform prescribed audio/visual output paging signal functions with respect to one or a plurality of paging zones served by the system. The output paging signal functions include the transmission of audio tone and voice paging signals via an audio signal path from a paging source to one or more controllably energized paging loudspeaker amplifiers, the generation of one or more alert tones to a paging zone, talkback audio signalling from the paging zone to a telephone interface, the playback of prerecorded (audio/visual) messages from either or both of audio output (e.g. loudspeaker) and visual output (e.g. silent radio) devices. Respective access inputs to which the paging system controller responds are given user-programmable priorities of access permission, with a higher priority access input always being given preference over a lower priority access input. A programmable access priority table, which may be customized by the user to assign respectively different access priority levels to respectively different classes or types of input access is stored in memory employed by the control system's processor.

Version management method and apparatus in multi-window environment

Abstract: The contents of a plurality of versions of a data file are displayed in respective windows on a display screen. Identifiers of parent windows, from which the windows are derived, and differential operation histories of the windows are stored in an operation history management table. The contents of the operation history management table are automatically renewed when a new window for a new version is generated and when the version of the data file is edited in a corresponding window. With this construction, comparison as well as reference between versions on the same display screen is possible.

Cellular phone page system using sequential transmissions of pages over a time-partitioned forward control channel

Abstract: A cellular phone paging system that uses a frame oriented scheme to transmit and receive mobile unit pages with reduced delay is disclosed. Each mobile unit in the cellular phone network is assigned a paging slot within the frames on the forward control channel. If a plurality of pages are to be sent along the forward control channel and the pages are assigned to the same paging slot, the pages will be transmitted in successive paging slots beginning with the assigned slot rather than in the assigned slot in a series of sequential frames. In order to receive its pages, a mobile unit inspects its assigned paging slot and the next sequential paging slots if its assigned paging slot has been filled with a page request to another unit. The mobile unit continues to check sequential paging slots until it identifies a page to itself or identifies an empty slot. The mobile unit may reduce its power consumption by turning off some of its electronic circuitry while not monitoring the contents of its assigned slot and, if necessary, the contents of successive slots. In this manner, paging delays between base stations and mobile units are reduced to a minimum while maintaining idle mode power consumption conservation provided by frame-based paging schemes.

A portable communications and data terminal having multiple modes of operation

Abstract: A portable radio telephone handset includes the capability of operating as a data transfer terminal as well as an analog cellular telephone subscriber station. Two modes of operation are available in the handset, an analog cellular communication mode and a Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) mode. A paging function for incoming analog cellular communication is carried out on a CDPD channel. The handset distinguishes between paging signals identifying CDPD mode communications and paging signals identifying analog cellular communications. The handset automatically preempts CDPD communications in favor of analog cellular communications such as those carried out in an AMPS configuration.

Television paging system

Abstract: A paging system (200)is provided having at least one television subscriber unit (222) with a television identification number and at least one paging subscriber unit (236) with a pager identification number. The paging system (200)includes a paging control station (240) for processing a page. This page includes the pager identification number that is intended for the at least one paging subscriber unit (236). The paging control station (240) includes a circuit (226) for determining when the at least one paging subscriber unit (236) is not in use. The paging system (200) also includes a television transmitter (216) which is coupled to the paging control station (240) for selectively transmitting the page to the television subscriber unit (222) in response to the circuit (226) for determining when the at least one paging subscriber unit (236) is not in use.

Analysis of the impact of memory in distributed parallel processing systems

Abstract: We consider an important tradeoff between processor and memory allocation in distributed parallel processing systems. To study this tradeoff, we formulate stochastic models of parallel program behavior, distributed parallel processing environments and memory overheads incurred by parallel programs as a function of their processor allocation. A mathematical analysis of the models is developed, which includes the effects of contention for shared resources caused by paging activity. We conduct a detailed analysis of real large-scale scientific applications and use these results to parameterize our models. Our results show that memory overhead resulting from processor allocation decisions can have a significant effect on system performance in distributed parallel environments, strongly suggesting that memory considerations must be incorporated in the resource allocation policies for parallel systems. We also demonstrate the importance of the inter-locality miss ratio, which is introduced in this paper and analyzed for the first time.

Emulation of segment bounds checking using paging with sub-page validity

Abstract: Segmentation is added to a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) processor which supports paging. The arithmetic-logic-unit (ALU) is extended to allow for a 3-port addition so that the segment base can be added when the virtual address is being generated. Segment bounds checking is achieved by extending the paging system to allow for valid regions that are less than the full page size. Sub-page validity can mimic segmentation because a segment can be broken up into a number of full pages and one or more partially-valid pages at the segment boundaries. A page that is not wholly valid has an "event" on the page, and a memory reference to this page will either cause a software routine to be invoked to check the segment bound, or an extension to the TLB, called a sub-page validity buffer, is used to check if the reference was to a valid portion of the page. Events may also be defined for program watchpoints and defective memory locations. Segment bounds thus do not have to be compared for each access, and the bounds do not even have to be stored on the CPU die.

Methods and apparatus for acknowledging a paging message via a cellular network control channel

Abstract: A paging acknowledgement system is provided for communicating both (1) paging messages and (2) acknowledgement messages to confirm reception of the paging messages. The paging acknowledgement system includes at least one communications system, remote communications devices, and at least one MSC of a CMR system. In response to a paging message from a paging party, the communications system transmits data messages corresponding to the paging message via a communications link. The data message contains the type of data that is normally supplied with a conventional paging message and an acknowledgment code that uniquely identifies said data message. A remote communications device responds to a data message containing its particular address by transmitting an acknowledgment message containing the acknowledgment code to the MSC via a cellular network control channel of the CMR system. The MSC forwards the acknowledgment message to the communications system via a first communications link. The data collection system confirms reception of the data message by comparing the acknowledgment code of the acknowledgment message to the acknowledgment codes associated with the paging messages.

Analog wristwatch paging receiver

Abstract: A paging receiver as part of an analog wristwatch. A received paging message is displayed using an analog watch mechanism which includes hands that are independently controllable. Around the perimeter of the watch face or on the watch bezel are marks representing paging messages, such as "Call Home", "Call Office" etc. Paging messages are displayed by using one of the hands which normally is used to indicate time to point to one of the marks or messages on the perimeter of the watch. Optional features include using the watch hands not used to point to a mark representing a received paging message to point to a predetermined location to alert the user that a message has been received and using an LED can be used to indicate that a message has been received or that a message is pending. Other analog mechanisms, such as disks, drums, and sliding bars visible through respective apertures in the watch face can be used to display information concerning paging messages. These other analog mechanisms can be moved such that a selected mark is visible through the respective aperture in response to receiving a paging message.

Group message delivery in a time-division multiplexed paging system

Abstract: Group message delivery in a time multiplexed paging system (10) is accomplished by providing in normal message packets (18) a group ring indicator (18d). A paging device (12) collecting a message interrogates the group ring indicator (18d) to determine availability of a pending group message. If a group message is available, the paging device (12) can target a dedicated time slot associated with group message transmission. In this manner, a single transmission of a group message is made available to all paging devices (12) of the paging system (10). In one embodiment, the group ring indicator (18d) is a single bit indicating merely availability of a pending group message, the paging device (12) then targeting and collecting the available group message to determine whether the paging device (12) subscribes to that particular group message service (3). In a second embodiment, the paging device (12) determines based on the value of the group ring indicator (18d) whether the indicated available group message need be pursued.

Method and apparatus for maintaining a database in a portable communication device

Abstract: A method and apparatus is described for the communication of data which is maintained in a database within a memory of a paging receiver. The data maintained in these fields may be utilized during page requests to provide possibly useful information to the page-receiving communicant. The data is communicated via one or more alternative techniques described herein.

Paging system which combines a paging signal with a standard broadcast baseband signal

Abstract: An electronic paging system and method for transmitting paging signals over a broadcast network, such as a standard pre-existing commercial radio broadcast system, adds paging signals to a normal radio baseband signal for non-interferential co-transmission therewith over the existing standard radio broadcast transmission system. A telephone interface receives paging information via normal telephone lines. The paging information is used to pseudo-randomly frequency-hop a frequency-synthesized signal which is added to the baseband audio of a standard commercial radio signal. This composite signal is then used to modulate the standard commercial radio broadcast carrier in the normal manner. Mobile pagers, or "beepers," receive and selectively decode (i.e. pseudo-randomly frequency-dehop) the standard commercial broadcast signal to determine whether and which pager is being summoned, i.e. addressed. The respective addresses of the individual pagers within the system correspond to start addresses used in pseudo-random code generators within the pager transmitter and each pager receiver.

Method of transmitting low-power frequency hopped spread spectrum data

Abstract: An acknowledgement paging system is described which fits within the existing infrastructure of a paging network and which provides low cost manufacture and low power operation while still enabling the acknowledgement paging over long distances. The acknowledgement paging system consists of a standard paging transmitter and a plurality of remote paging units which respond to a page using frequency-hopped spread-spectrum differential bi-phase shift keying communications. The plurality of pagers are assigned to groups with each group being assigned a separate starting location in a common, repeating pseudo-random noise code which determines the frequency hops. The grouping of pagers minimizes the collisions of acknowledgment transmissions between groups and the enables a large number of paging units to operate within a single geographic area. The pagers include a special double loop PLL synthesizer to produce an accurate narrow band frequency and to change or hop frequencies in a rapid fashion. The base receiving unit employs special algorithms for retrieving very low power acknowledgement paging messages in a noisy environment by using data redundancy, data interleaving, soft decoding and error correction codes to strip the bi-phase-modulated, frequency-hopped spread-spectrum digital data transmitted from the remote pocket pagers. A history of the frequency and phase drift is used during reception of the acknowledgement messages to predict the phase and frequency drift of the encoded digital information to further reduce decoding error. Signal to noise ratios are determined for each frequency hop and relatively noisy hops are discarded or minimized in a soft decoding process based redundancy of data bits.

Paging receiver system for receiving a paging communication signal

Abstract: A paging receiver system is provided that can be integrated as one function of a multi-function electronic card device adapted for insertion into a portable computing device. The paging receiver system preferably includes a frequency agile receiver for receiving paging signals, a driver-less interface for communicating the received paging signals to the computing device and a platform-transparent memory for storing the received paging signals. The frequency agile receiver includes a frequency synthesizer for generating a user selectable down conversion frequency that is combined by a mixer to produce a received paging signal at a predetermined intermediate frequency. The driver-less interface multiplexes the received paging signal with the output of a data modem such that the computing device requires only a driver interface for the data modem in order to receive both modem data and paging information. The platform-transparent memory stores paging information received from the computing device in a format that is determined by the platform of the particular computing device into which the electronic card device is inserted. A paging receiver caddy is also provided which can receive the electronic card device when not inserted into the portable computing device such that the electronic card device can continue to receive paging information.

Paging message processing

Abstract: A mobile station, i.e., mobile phone included in a cellular telephone system processes paging messages using a dual-port RAM memory connected between a signal processor (DSP) and a microprocessor (MCU). The paging message received and coded by the signal processor is transferred to the RAM memory, the identity number contained by the paging message is compared with the identity number of the microprocessor at the same time in the signal processor and only when they are congruent, the microprocessor is activated through a separate interrupt line. Because most paging messages are either empty messages or intended for other mobile stations, the microprocessor (MCU) can remain on as low a power level as possible during the paging of messages while the mobile station is in the stand-by state.

Paging tradeoffs in distributed-shared-memory multiprocessors

Abstract: Massively parallel processors have begun using commodity operating systems that support demand-paged virtual memory. To evaluate the utility of virtual memory, we measured the behavior of seven shared-memory parallel application programs on a simulated distributed-shared-memory machine. Our results (i) confirm the importance of gang CPU scheduling, (ii) show that a page-faulting processor should spin rather than invoke a parallel context switch, (iii) show that our parallel programs frequently touch most of their data, and (iv) indicate that memory, not just CPUs, must be "gang scheduled". Overall, our experiments demonstrate that demand paging has limited value on current parallel machines because of the applications' synchronization and memory reference patterns and the machines' high page-fault and parallel-context-switch overheads.

Selective shadowing and paging in computer memory systems

Abstract: Principal data (e.g. frequently accessed data such as video BIOS program information and a principal font set) and secondary data (e.g. secondary font sets) are permanently stored in a slow memory device (e.g. EPROM). To improve performance, the principal data but not the secondary data is copied initially to a faster access memory device (shadow RAM). Translating logic associated with the latter device is initially configured to intercept memory requests, having addresses in a range preassigned to the EPROM, and redirect them to shadow RAM. However, in order to allow for access to the secondary data, the redirection function of the translating logic can be disabled and re-enabled, under control of programs running in an associated computer, so that requests in the preassigned address range are routed directly to the EPROM. When the translating logic is disabled, all of the EPROM becomes accessible including locations containing the principal data and locations containing the secondary data. When the translating logic is enabled, only the principal data in the shadow RAM is accessible. The disabling and re-enabling functions are implemented presently by means of unique function calls issuable to system BIOS by operating system, device driver and application programs. In the disclosed embodiment, the size of the principal data is that of a page block, shadow RAM stores the principal data page and only that page, and the capacity of EPROM is sufficient to store the two or more page blocks of (principal and secondary) data.

Storage protection cache and backing storage having system control element data cache pipeline and storage protection bits in a stack array with a stack directory for the stack array

Abstract: A high performance cache and storage control and management scheme for storage protection (SP) bits. The SP bits of interest are "key", "reference" and "change" bits which are architected to prevent unauthorized access to storage and to allow the efficient paging of main storage data. Access to this SP cache (SPC) is achieved via a 5 cycle pipeline. This SPC pipeline will deliver information back to the requestor as well as manage updates to the SPC on cache hits. The pipeline leads to a request stack in the SP storage (SPS) controller. This SPS stack manages the request during its execution in the SPS and the subsequent putaway of fetch results in the SPC. The organization of the cache along with its integration of directory information allow for the utilization of the unique properties of SP data to provide an extremely fast and efficient cache management scheme.

IP over connection-oriented networks and distributional paging

Abstract: Next generation wide area network are very likely to use connection-oriented protocols such as Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). For the huge existing investment in current IP networks such as the Internet to remain useful, me must devise mechanisms to carry IP traffic over connection-oriented networks. A basic issue is to devise holding policies for virtual circuits carrying datagrams. In this paper we consider two variants of the paging problem that arise in the design of such holding policies. In the IP-paging problem the page inter-request times are chosen according to independent distributions. For this model we construct a very simple deterministic algorithm whose page fault rate is at most 5 times that of the best online algorithm (that knows the inter-request time distributions). We also show that some natural algorithms for this problem do not have constant competitive ratio. In distributional paging the inter-request time distributions may be dependent, and hence any probabilistic model of page request sequences can be represented. We construct a simple randomized algorithm whose page fault rate is at most 4 times that of the best online algorithm. >

Grouping of spread spectrum acknowledgement pagers to minimize transmission collisions

Abstract: An acknowledgment paging system is described which fits within the existing infrastructure of a paging network and which provides low cost manufacture and low power operation while still enabling the acknowledgment paging over long distances. The acknowledgment paging system consists of a standard paging transmitter and a plurality of remote paging units which respond to a page using frequency-hopped spread-spectrum differential bi-phase shift keying communications. The plurality of pagers are assigned to groups with each group being assigned a separate starting location in a common, repeating pseudo-random noise code which determines the frequency hops. The grouping of pagers minimizes the collisions of acknowledgment transmissions between groups and the enables a large number of paging units to operate within a single geographic area.