Showing papers on "Polycentricity published in 2023"
TL;DR: The authors argue that there are at least six advantages that polycentric systems have for coping with climate change: competition among decision makers, cooperation among decision-makers, perceptions of legitimacy that lead to coproduction, mutual learning through experimentation, institutional resilience/robustness, and emergent outcomes that are socially desirable but not centrally planned.
Abstract: Elinor Ostrom argued that effectively coping with manmade climate change requires a polycentric approach. Although we agree with Ostrom’s assessment, her arguments regarding the advantages of polycentricity could be taken further. In this paper, we supplement Ostrom’s work by fleshing out the reasons of how and why a polycentric approach is more conducive to coping with climate change than national governments that attempt to centrally direct climate change policies. We argue that there are at least six advantages that polycentric systems have for coping with climate change: competition among decision makers, cooperation among decision makers, perceptions of legitimacy that lead to coproduction, mutual learning through experimentation, institutional resilience/robustness, and emergent outcomes that are socially desirable but not centrally planned. The combination of these six factors gives polycentric governance systems distinct advantages over more top-down ones, especially in terms of epistemics and incentive compatibility. Scholars and policymakers who are concerned about the implications of climate change should appreciate the many diverse and nuanced advantages of a polycentric approach for coping with climate change.
3 citations
1 citations
13 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this article , the authors integrate a richer perspective on formal intergovernmental institutions within the ICA approach and offer a broader explanation of how policies coordinated across local jurisdictional boundaries in metropolitan regions can be applied across contexts, countries and cultures.
Abstract: Chapter 24: This chapter brings together scholarship from two distinct theoretical traditions to investigate how policy decisions are integrated and coordinated across multiple scales in urban metropolitan regions. The first school of thought focuses on formal regional intergovernmental organizations (RIGOs) and formal mechanisms for regional coordination. The second school, Institutional Collective Action (ICA) theory, focuses on self-organizing forms of coordination and cooperation among local governments within urban regions. By integrating a richer perspective on formal intergovernmental institutions within the ICA approach we offer a broader explanation of how policies coordinated across local jurisdictional boundaries in metropolitan regions can be applied across contexts, countries and cultures. Building on the intellectual foundations of the classic collective action and polycentricity literatures, we advance understanding on how fragmented governments form collaborative relationships to address regional issues that go beyond individual jurisdictions. Regions are constructed as nested systems of local governments within regional organizations, associations or government entities. Integration can occur through three mechanisms: agreements among individual local governments for which regional organizations provide the venue within with individual local governments collaborate; individual local governments operate as the governing body for the regional governance entity through collective action and collective decision making; multiple regional governance entities.
1 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors used high-resolution population grid data from 2004 to 2018 to assess the extent of urban polycentricity in 284 Chinese prefecture-level cities and found that the increased distance between urban centers and the increased size disparity between the large and small centers effectively reduced air pollution within the city.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated whether globally available and consistent TanDEM-X nDSMs (TDX) provide a valid data base for intra-urban polycentricity research based on built-up volumes.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors explored urban thermal environment under polycentric development from three perspectives, and found a significant positive correlation between polycentricity and surface urban heat islands (SUHI) regardless of the season.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors use data from four U.S. metropolitan regions to measure polycentricity using an index of concentration based on providers' policymaking zones and discuss the measure's validity and reliability, and describe its potential application.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors found that there is a polycentric configuration at and across the national and provincial levels, whilst higher degrees of monocentric characteristics are still prominent at the municipal level.
Abstract: Abstract In evolving democracies, top-down approaches to response and recovery in disaster governance remain predominant. Taking the case of Nepal, this research explains how Nepal’s disaster governance has been accentuating different degrees of monocentric and polycentric configurations post-2015. Polycentricity is defined as a governance configuration where a combination of small, medium, and large-scale autonomous units coexists that are interdependent in making rules, developing policies, and implementing them within a specified scale of governance. Based on confidential interviews (n = 23) and policy documents (n = 48) analysis, the study shows how disaster governance has been taking shape in Nepal, after the 2015 earthquake and with the ongoing federalisation process. This research found that in Nepal, there is a polycentric configuration at and across the national and provincial levels, whilst higher degrees of monocentric characteristics are still prominent at the municipal level. Further, our findings suggest subtle conflicts (or conflicts of interest) between the newly elected municipal representatives and the existing bureaucracy. Such tensions have arisen due to the drive and enthusiasm of the political leaders to bring transformative changes at the municipal level in quick succession. The article concludes that polycentric governance configurations in Nepal are rather becoming complex—complementing and inciting competition between various actors.
25 May 2023
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used the data of urban clusters from 2010 to 2019 and focused on the relationship between the polycentric spatial structure of urban cluster and the urban-rural income gap.
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: The shaping of the new world order following the end of the bipolar order can be seen as the principal megatrend of the twenty-first century as discussed by the authors , and it can be defined as a mega-process at the highest level.
Abstract: The shaping of the new world orderworld order following the end of the bipolar order can be seen as the principal megatrend of the twenty-first century. It can be defined as a mega-process at the highest level since the contents of global development will hinge on who determines the foundations of the new world order, its base institutions, the structuring of relations within the new world order, and who plays the decisive role in that order thereby influencing the politics of other actors.
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27 Jun 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , a critical analysis of the two concepts of sustainability through participation through the lens of the multilevel or polycentric system of governance in which they are embedded is presented.
Abstract: Gathering the threads of the contributions in the volume, this chapter offers a critical analysis of the two concepts of sustainability through participation through the lens of the multilevel or polycentric system of governance in which they are embedded. It identifies three main features of polycentric governance: a plurality of actors, patterns of interaction and an overarching set of rules. Within this framework, the chapter combines a synoptic analysis of the findings of the different chapters, all converging on the main reflection of the controversial relationship between sustainability and participation, with the conclusion that such a relationship is a result of Western-centric legal approaches. To overcome cultural and legal biases, and provide a framework for an effective and improved engagement of all segments of society in achieving sustainability (pursuing the ultimate objective of sustainability of a common future for all where no one is left behind), the contribution suggests rethinking the relationship between participation and sustainability by casting it in a hybridized scenario. In this setting, the three elements of polycentricity (pluri-actors, interactions and principles) are re-read and integrated with practices of co-creation and legal principles developed in non-Western-centric systems. Such a perspective is expected to institutionalize effective counter-balances to the expansive dominion of some societal systems over others, especially of Western approaches over Indigenous and local legal traditions and systems.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present a systematic review of empirical studies on polycentric spatial structures at a regional scale in order to assess their effectiveness as prescriptive and normative models in spatial planning, finding that very few studies have emphasized primarily the positive effects of polycentricity, while a large number have evaluated the performance of non-polycentric (monocentric) structures more positively.
TL;DR: In this paper , the impact of urban polycentricity (UP) on particulate matter emissions from vehicles (PMV) across 102 prefecture-level cities in China between 2011 and 2015 was analyzed.
Abstract: This article analyzes the impact of the level of urban polycentricity (UP) on particulate matter emissions from vehicles (PMV) across 102 prefecture-level cities in China between 2011 and 2015. We adopt a spatial panel modeling approach to our measures of UP and PMV, controlling for (possible) intervening effects such as population density and economic output. We observe an inverted U-shaped relationship between both measures: When UP is low, an increase in polycentricity is associated with higher levels of PMV; however, when UP reaches a certain threshold, the increase in polycentricity is associated with a reduction in PMV. We find a similar relationship between economic output and PMV and demonstrate how the effects of population density on PMV consist of two opposite processes that likely offset each other. Nonetheless, jointly, population density and UP have a significant effect on PMV. We use our results to discuss policy implications and identify avenues for further research.
01 Jan 2023
25 May 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors propose a framework of polycentricity as a lens for analysing governance from an institutionalist perspective, which allows one to bring together multiple actors engaged in the provision and consumption of collective goods.
Abstract: Abstract Existing literature has tended to define polycentric governance in the sense developed by the Bloomington School of Political Economy. In contrast, this chapter promotes polycentricity as a lens for analysing governance from an institutionalist perspective. Such an approach can be applied locally (e.g. to metropolitan, water, and landscape governance) as well as globally (e.g. to transnational value chains, marine, or migration governance). Under different names numerous analytical approaches that share the working assumptions of New Institutional Economics work on this basis. The lens of polycentric governance allows one to bring together multiple actors engaged in the provision and consumption of collective goods. The approach analyses the interplay of multiple interdependent but autonomous individual and collective, public, private, and civil society actors operating on and across different scales. Research on polycentric governance wonders to what extent ‘order’ or ‘coherence’ emerges out of these multi-actor multi-scalar dynamics and how this mode of organization fares in terms of other performance criteria such as accountability, effectiveness, equity, and sustainability. ‘Techniques’ from the perspective of polycentric governance relate to institutional processes. ‘Power’ is in this approach conceptualized as the capacity to shape the institutions of governance. ‘Legitimacy’ is conferred upon polycentric governance by citizens and consumers. As a major weakness, this approach has little eye for un-institutionalized politics.
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this article , the authors take megatrends under polycentricity as its subject matter and explore the following questions (1) what megatrendra shape the emerging world order? (2) how the changing world order shapes megatrenda; and (3) in what way the regulation and self-regulation of changing world-order and megatreds are achieved.
Abstract: The current world order is becoming polycentric. The key megatrend shaping all the other megatrends is the increasing polycentricity of the world. The present monograph takes megatrends under polycentricity as its subject matter and explores the following questions (1) what megatrends shape the emerging world order? (2) how the changing world order shapes megatrends; and (3) in what way the regulation and self-regulation of changing world order and megatrends are achieved. The most important characteristic of the modern era is that individuals, and entire peoples, are becoming increasingly aware of their being part of humanity as a whole. The juxtaposition of this trend and increasing polycentricity of world order is the subject of the present monograph.
15 May 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors discuss the importance of uniformity and polycentricity in a culture of Christentums and cultures of Christendums in the Middle East and Africa.
Abstract: No AccessUniformity and PolycentricityBirgit EmichBirgit EmichSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.7788/9783412526085.33SectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail About Previous chapter Next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Download book coverKulturen des Christentums/Cultures of ChristianityVolume 1 1st editionISBN: 978-3-412-52606-1 eISBN: 978-3-412-52608-5HistoryPublished online:June 2023 PDF download
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examine how to govern commons in the smart city and argue that the use of DLTs to preserve the spatiotemporal integrity of key urban spaces is a common value question that needs to be elucidated or renegotiated in order to provide any useful guidance to DLTs integrity-preserving potential.
Abstract: Borrowing from insights produced in urban planning, media and governance studies thereby leveraging the Ostrom-nian ideas of institutions and polycentricity, this paper examines how to govern commons in the smart city. It offers a reflection upon whether Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) could be a key notion for the commons discourse which centers around stakeholders, self-organization, and a rights-based framework. By decentralizing ledgers and enabling the interoperability of the various interfaces, DLTs make records more accessible, exchanges more transparent, and reduce costs while increasing efficiency, and permit automation, therefore commoning interactions both offline and online are facilitated. We argue that the use of DLTs to preserve the spatiotemporal integrity of key urban spaces is a common value question that needs to be elucidated or renegotiated in order to provide any useful guidance to DLTs integrity-preserving potential. In doing so, we draw attention to DLT-based urban commons and urban governance, and point to inherent incompatibilities that may lead to radical and not-so-smooth changes in urban institutions, while providing a way of thinking which can move the smart city closer towards a values-centered process and away from a preoccupation with technology and efficiency.
19 May 2023
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined post-suburbanisation by examining commuting patterns, origin-destination, and commuters' socio-economic characteristics in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA).
TL;DR: In this article , the authors outline the post-global world, but not as a model of the world order following after a certain time period behind the global world, and present new qualitative characteristics that eliminate the shortcomings of the previous model.
Abstract: In the context of rethinking globalization, the negative features of the world order model formed by this process and, as a result, the emerging characteristics of a new more harmonious model come to the fore. The purpose of the article is to outline the post-global world, but not as a model of the world order following after a certain time period behind the global world, but as a model of the world order with new qualitative characteristics that eliminate the shortcomings of the previous model. Such a characteristic as multipolarity is presented in more detail, in the formation of which took into account the reports of the V International Scientific and Practical Conference "Greater Eurasia: National and Civilizational Aspects of Development and Cooperation" (University of World Civilizations, Moscow, November 23–24, 2022). Since the literature is dominated by a political approach to multipolarity, the authors attempted to shed more light on the economic aspect of the problem. The hypothesis of polycentricity in integration associations is also developed.
TL;DR: In this article , a methodology for assessing the polycentricity of socio-economic development and diversification of the metropolitan region functions and identification of developed and prospective centers was developed, based on the development of a balanced and effective spatial organization of the Kyiv metropolitan region and the amplification of a hierarchical system of centers (poles) of development in the suburbs.
Abstract: This study is aimed to develop a methodology for assessing the polycentricity of socio-economic development and diversification of the metropolitan region functions and identification of developed and prospective centers. The article evaluates the demographic-residential, industrial-logistics and innovation, service, administrative and management, and budget functions of the Kyiv metropolitan region. The study confirmed that the region is characterized by considerable spatial disparities in socioeconomic development. This is related to remarkable polycentricity and essential differences in the intensity and diversification of the main functions’ performance. Typification of the territorial units of the Kyiv metropolitan region by the level of socio-economic development and features of the diversification of the functions was carried out. Solving the problem is based on the development of a balanced and effective spatial organization of the Kyiv metropolitan region and the amplification of a hierarchical system of centers (poles) of development in the suburbs. The latter will perform a number of functions of the metropolis and balance the development of the entire metropolitan region driven by the wide range of suburbanization processes. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the identification of developed and prospective centers of the Kyiv metropolitan region, which is an important basis for developing a strategy for the post-war reconstruction of the territory. It contributes to the contemporary discourse by the development of a research methodology of a quantitative assessment of polycentricity in order to identify the developed and prospective centers of the metropolitan region.
01 Jan 2023
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present a theory of marine governance as reflexive institutionalization, in which the structural properties of a marine governance arrangement are (re)produced in interactions between governmental actors, maritime sectors and civil society actors within the structural conditions of the networked polity at sea.
Abstract: Abstract The objective of this chapter is to give insight in marine governance challenges, illustrated by Arctic shipping. To do this, this chapter presents a theory of marine governance as reflexive institutionalization, in which the structural properties of marine governance arrangements are (re)produced in interactions between governmental actors, maritime sectors and civil society actors within the structural conditions of the networked polity at sea. Based on an analysis of the institutionalization of shipping governance arrangements of three (possible) Arctic shipping routes; The Northwest Passage (NWP), the Northeast Passage and Northern Sea Route (NEP/NSR), and the Transpolar Sea Route (TSR) the following question will be answered, “What are the enabling and constraining conditions of marine governance as reflexive institutionalization?” In other words, what are the possibilities for public and private actors to challenge discursive spaces and to change the rules of the game, in order to find solutions for environmental, spatial, economic, and social problems at the Arctic Ocean? The analysis shows forms of institutionalization as structural reflectiveness in which the dominant discourse ‘shipping is allowed in the Arctic’ is not challenged. However, this form of reflectiveness showed how actors, such as China and Russia, are able the use rules from different institutional settings to strengthen their position.
TL;DR: The authors argue that polycentric orders support successful outcomes by defining group boundaries and reducing within-group fitness variance relative to between-group variance, which facilitates a process of collectively beneficial adaptation, including the capacity to evolve mechanisms for monitoring and punishing rule violators.
Abstract: Polycentric organizations allow highly functional, or “group-beneficial,” outcomes to emerge from the myopic behavior of rule-guided individuals. How does polycentricity achieve this feat? Drawing on multilevel selection theory, I argue that polycentric orders support successful outcomes by defining group boundaries and reducing within-group fitness variance relative to between-group variance. The Price equation suggests that, by doing so, polycentric orders facilitate a process of collectively beneficial adaptation, including the capacity to evolve mechanisms for monitoring and punishing rule violators.