Showing papers on "Polygonum published in 2003"

rbcL Phylogeny and Character Evolution in Polygonaceae

Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships within Polygonaceae, with an emphasis on Polygonum and segregate genera (e.g., Emex, Persicaria, Polygonella), are investigated using sequence data from the chloroplast gene rbcL. The results show the currently recognized subfamilies are likely not monophyletic. Polygonum as currently recognized is paraphyletic. Three strongly supported clades of Polygonum s.l. were found. Contained within these three clades of Polygonum s.l. are representatives of Atraphaxis, Bistorta, Koenigia and Persicaria. Other strongly supported clades found are Coccoloba, Eriogonum, Fagopyrum, Rumex and Triplaris. Patterns of character evolution were studied by mapping characters onto the phylogeny. A woody habit likely evolved multiple times within the family (in Atraphaxis, Koenigia, Muehlenbeckia, Polygonella and in the ancestor to the Eriogonum–Brunnichia clade). Quincuncial aestivation likely evolved early in the history of the family with four subsequent losses in the Rumex–Oxyria clade, M...

Phenological and morphological adaptations to the light environment in two woody and two herbaceous plant species

Abstract: Summary 1 Leaf emergence, leaf longevity, light regime and photosynthetic rates were investigated in order to clarify the morphological and phenological adaptations to light conditions by avoiding self-shading in two herbaceous (Polygonatum odoratum and Polygonum sachalinensis) and two woody (Fagus crenata and Alnus sieboldiana) plants in artificially created open habitats in Japan. 2 Fagus and Polygonatum open their leaves simultaneously as a flush during a short period at the start of the growing season (simultaneous foliar phenology), while Alnus and Polygonum open their leaves one by one successively for a longer period (successive foliar phenology). 3 Light conditions at the level of single leaves, defined as photon flux density relative to that above the plant, were essentially the same throughout a growing season for simultaneous species. On the other hand, light conditions for the two successive species degraded with time. There were gradients of light from the distal to basal part of a shoot only in successive species. 4 Reflecting the abrupt decrease in irradiance with time, photosynthetic rates of individual leaves decreased quickly with time in successive species (Alnus and Polygonum), while those of simultaneous species (Fagus and Polygonatum) decreased slowly. Photosynthetic rates of the canopy as a whole, however, were maintained constant over the season in successive species by replacing leaves frequently. Canopy-level photosynthesis decreased slowly with time in the two simultaneous species. 5 Successive leaf emergence is adaptive in open habitats such as flood plains and canopy gaps, while simultaneous leafing is adaptive in light-limited habitats such as the forest understorey.

An overlooked hybrid Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum × sachalinense; Polygonaceae) in North America.

Abstract: A new combination is provided for the hybrid between Polygonum cuspidatum and P. sachalinense. The hybrid, Polygonum Xbohemicum (J. Chrtek & A. Chrtkovâ) P. F. Zika & A. L. Jacobson, comb, nov., is widespread and invasive across North America. We illustrate the parents and hybrid, and supply a key to distinguish the three taxa.

Micropropagation of Polygonum multiflorum THUNB and quantitative analysis of the anthraquinones emodin and physcion formed in in vitro propagated shoots and plants.

Abstract: An efficient and rapid protocol for in vitro induction and complete plant regeneration of Polygonum multiflorum THUNB has been developed. Nodal explants were grown in vitro on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium containing different concentrations of alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and benzyladenine (BA). The nodal explants (97%) produced multiple shoots (4.7 shoots per explant) on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/l NAA and 2.0 mg/l BA after 6 weeks of culture. Eighty-eight percent to 100% of the shoots (1.0 cm in length) elongated (about 3.02-4.28 cm) and rooted on MS basal medium supplemented with NAA or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). All the rooted shoots were transferred to pots containing autoclaved soil, vermiculite, and peat moss (1 : 1 : 1). The plantlets were successfully acclimatized under greenhouse conditions with high humidity before transferring to the field. The anthraquinone contents were determined using HPLC. Analysis revealed that the contents of the major medicinal compounds-emodin and physcion in the 6 weeks old in vitro grown shoots and three month old in vitro propagated plants grown in greenhouse were higher than those of the marketed crude drug (processed underground or stem parts of P. multiflorum).

Polygonum capitatum extract and medicinal composition preparation thereof

Abstract: The present invention relates to a kind of fresh polygonum capitatum or dried polygonum capitatum extract and its medicine composition preparation. Said invention uses water, 75% ethyl alcohol and 95ethyl alcohol and utilizes CO2 supercritical extraction method to separately extract whole plant of polygonum capitatum, its aerial parts, leaf, seed, stem and root, and make activity research, and makes said extract into the medicine composition preparation tablet with obvious effect for curing the diseases of pyelonephritis and prostatilis, etc.

Influence of ethyl acetate extract and quercetin-3-methyl ether from Polygonum amphibium on activation lymphocytes from peripheral blood of healthy donor in vitro.

Abstract: The influence of an ethyl acetate extract from Polygonum amphibium L. and quercetin-3-methyl ether isolated from them were examined on the human immune system. The investigations were made on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors. The cells were stimulated by plant extract and quercetin-3-methyl ether in 24 h culture and analysed inflow cytometry. The following mice monoclonal antibody anti human activate markers were used: anti HLA-DR PE, anti CD25 FITC, anti CD69 FITC and anti CD71 FITC. The level of Interleukine-2 in blood serum and in culture supernatants was measured by ELISA method. Ethyl acetate extract from Polygonum amphibium caused the rise in the number of CD25 and HLA-DR positive lymphocytes and increased the expression of CD25 and CD71 antigens. The level of IL-2 was increasing for the duration of the culture, independently from the presence of stimulators. Besides quercetin-3-methyl ether, from herb of Polygonum amphibium L., trans-taxifolin, quercetin and kaempferol were isolated The structure of the isolated compounds was determined by spectroscopic (UV, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and CI-MS) methods.

Methioninase inhibitor, and oral cavity composition and food and drink, containing the same

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a methioninase inhibitor comprising plant extracts as active components which do not affect a human body and have high safety, and suppressing production of a malodorous substance of methyl mercaptan by inhibiting oral cavity bacteria of methioninase; and to provide an oral cavity composition and foods and drinks, containing the inhibitor.SOLUTION: The inhibitor includes the active components of extracts of one or more plants selected from the group consisting of Cassia mimosoides, Rhus aromatica, Polygonum multiflorum, Prunus africanum, Thuja occidentalis, Salix alba, Oenothera biennis, Oenothera lamarkiana, Xylopia aethiopica, Polygonum bistorta, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Arecacatechu, Geranium maculatum, Collinsonia canadensis, Sassafras albidum, Storobilanthes flaccidifolius, Quercus robur, Mucuna birdwoodiana, Trachycarups fortunei, Trachycarups excelsus, Juglans nigra, Tilla europaea, Tilia platyphyllos, Tilia cordata, Juniperus virginiana, Santalum album, Paeonia suffruticosa, Paeonia montan, Cinnamomum cassia, Thujaplicata and Rheum officinale. The oral cavity composition and foods and drinks, containing the inhibitor, are also provided.

Polygonum tataricum tea and producing method

Abstract: Buckwheat tea is produced with shelled buckwheat as main material The production process includes the following steps: sorting buckwheat, washing, steaming, freezing and frying to water content of 1-11 % When served, the buckwheat tea is mixed with boiling water The buckwheat tea is fragrant, tasty and good in color, and its nutrients easy to absorb

Composition for skin whitening containing Sitosterol

Abstract: PURPOSE: A skin whitening composition containing sitosterol as an effective ingredient is provided. The composition inhibits pigmentation by suppressing the formation of melamine and thus is effective in skin whitening or treating chloasma or freckles and can be safely applied to the skin without adverse effect. CONSTITUTION: The skin whitening composition contains 0.000001 to 10% by weight of sitosterol represented by the formula(1) and commonly known as an anticholesteremic agent or an anticarcinogenic agent, based on the total weight of the composition. The sitosterol is an organic compound(C29H50O) containing 29C and contained in plants such as Pisum sativum, Paeonia lactiflora, Panax ginseng, Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch., Paulownia coreana Uyeki, Perilla frutescens L., Phytolacca esculenta V. Houtt, Pinellia ternata(Thunb.) Breit., Piper nugrum, Ostericum koreanum(Maxim.) Kitagawa, Plantago asiatica L., Polygonum hydropiper, Pleuropterus multiflorus Turcz., Polygonum orientale, Polygonum tinctoria, Poncirus trifoliata, Portulaca oleracea L., Lycium chinense Mill., Daphne genkwa, etc.

Cpolygonum cuspidatum x sachalinense; polygonaceae) in north america

Abstract: A new combination is provided for the hybrid between Polygonum cuspidatum and P. sachalinense. The hybrid, Polygonum Xbohemicum (J. Chrtek & A. Chrtkovâ) P. F. Zika & A. L. Jacobson, comb, nov., is widespread and invasive across North America. We illustrate the parents and hybrid, and supply a key to distinguish the three taxa.

Chemical Studies on the Plants of Polygonum

Abstract: Chemical constituents including flavonoids, anthraquinones, stilbenes, ketones and terpenoids from species of polygonum were reviewed. Their pharmacological activities were also involved.

Study on the influence of concoction over active ingredients in Polygonum multiflorum

Abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine the content change of anthraquinone and diphenyl ethylene glycoside before and after concoction. METHODS To mix the control solution of rheum officinale composition add 0.5% Mg(A C) 2, and determine its absorbance at 510 nm using 0.5% Mg(A C) 2 as blank, diphenyl ethylene glycoside at 310 nm with 95% CH 3CH 2OH solvent. RESULTS The regression equations of rheum officinale composition and diphenyl ethylene glycoside were Y = 29.7 X + 7.95 ×10 -3 , r = 0.9993 and Y = 73.00 X + 0.0420 , r = 0.9992 . CONCLUSIONS The content of free anthraquinone in concocting Polygonum multiflorum is slightly higher in original one, but the content of conjugated anthraquinone in original Polygonum multiflorum is obviously higher in concocting one; The content of diphenyl ethylene glycoside in original Polygonum multiflorum is superior to that in concocting one.

Comparative Study on Antioxidant Systems of Polygonum Viviparum Grown at Two Different Altitudes

Abstract: Study on the antioxidant systems of Polygonum viviparumgrown at two different altitudes indicated plants grown at Haibei Research Station at 3200 m altitude as compared with plants grown in Xining at 2300 m altitude had apparently higher contents of ultroviolet-absorbing compounds and ascorbic acid, and significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbic peroxidase Higher contents of superoxide radical anions and malonadehyde were also found in plants at Haibei Research Station as compared with the plants grown in Xining which have been transplanted from Haibei Research Station for at least four years The differences in antioxidant system reflect a long term of time of adaptation to different environments

Study on determination of resveratrol in different plants and same plant tissues

Abstract: Resveratrol is an ideal medicine for preventing from cancer in humans.A study using HPLC was done to determine resveratrol content in _Polygonum cuspidatum, Polygonum hydropiper L,Ampelopsis grossedentate, Vitis vinifera L,_ and _Polygonum multiforum Thunb._ The article indicated that resveratrol content of _Polygonum cuspidatum_ root is the highest of the five plants.Resveratrol content difference is greater than in different tissue of the same plant.

A comparion of free anthraquinone's content of polygonum multiflorm extract by different dissolvent produced

Abstract: Objective To observe the content's changes of free Anthraquinone in polygonum multiflorum extract produced by different dissolvent.Methods The content of free anthraquinone was determined by the magnesiujm Acetate colorinetry in 754-spectrophotometer at 498nm,after determining A.Results The average content of free anthraquinone was 0.1459in group A(90% Alcohol),0.0673 in groupB(70%Alcohol)and 0.0084 in group C(water).The content in group A is higher significantly than that in GroupB and in groud C(P0.05).Conclusions Among three schemes.A can be used to extract the free anthraquinone of ploygonun Multiflorum extract first.

Polygonum divariatum wine and its production process

Abstract: The present invention relates to a production process of polygonum divaritum wine as wild plant juice fermenting beverage. Tender steam of polygonum divariatum as main material is processed through juice squeezing, low temperature fermentation and ageing to obtain fermented polygonum divariatum juice; and the fermented polygonum divariatum juice, sugar, edible alcohol, citric acid and water in certain proportion are further produced into the polygonum divariatum wine. The polygonum divariatum wine has rich nutrients, contains several kinds of vitamins, trace elements, organic acids and saccharides, and has no pesticide and chemical fertilizer pollution. It has low alcohol content, fruit scent and wine scent, mellow taste and typical slight astringency.