Showing papers on "Potassium iodate published in 2015"
TL;DR: The results indicate that a sufficient spreading of iodine applied on the edible plant parts is crucial for the efficiency of the foliar approach and leafy vegetables are the more suitable target crops.
Abstract: Iodine (I) biofortification of vegetables by means of soil and foliar applications was investigated in field experiments on a sandy loam soil. Supply of iodine to the soil in trial plots fertilized with potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO3) directly before planting (0, 1.0, 2.5, 7.5 and 15 kg I ha-1) increased the iodine concentration in the edible plant parts. The highest iodine accumulation levels were observed in the first growing season: In butterhead lettuce and kohlrabi the desired iodine content [50 - 100 µg I (100 g FM)-1] was obtained or exceeded at a fertilizer rate of 7.5 kg IO3--I ha-1 without a significant yield reduction or impairment of the marketable quality. In contrast, supplying KI at the same rate resulted in a much lower iodine enrichment and clearly visible yield reduction. Soil applied iodine was phytoavailable for a short period of time as indicated by a rapid decline of CaCl2-extractable iodine in the top soil. Consequently, long-term effects of a one-time iodine soil fertilization could not be observed. A comparison between the soil and the foliar fertilization revealed a better performance of iodine applied aerially to butterhead lettuce, which reached the desired iodine accumulation in edible plant parts at a fertilizer rate of 0.5 kg I--I ha-1. In contrast, the iodine content in the tuber of sprayed kohlrabi remained far below the targeted range. The results indicate that a sufficient spreading of iodine applied on the edible plant parts is crucial for the efficiency of the foliar approach and leafy vegetables are the more suitable target crops. The low iodine doses needed as well as the easy and inexpensive application may favor the implementation of foliar sprays as the preferred iodine biofortification strategy in practice.
106 citations
TL;DR: A novel, ultrarapidly dissolving, nanofiber-based orodispersible film formulation containing iodine which is constructed from nanofibers was manufactured using an electrospinning technique and allows easy administration of iodine for preventing childhood iodine deficiency.
Abstract: Iodine deficiency is a public health problem that is easily prevented in many countries through having a salt iodization program. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that particular population groups including infants and young children have a sufficient level of daily iodine intake, while also reducing salt consumption in their diet. While many iodine supplements are available, swallowing tablet supplements is physically difficult for young children; thus, there is a need for the development of novel iodine delivery systems for pediatric patients. In this study a novel, ultrarapidly dissolving, nanofiber-based orodispersible film formulation containing iodine which is constructed from nanofibers was manufactured using an electrospinning technique. The potassium iodate (KIO3)-loaded poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) fiber orodispersible films dissolve within seconds on wetting (applying on the tongue) without the need for the consumption of water. The electrospinning process and KIO3 loading did not alter the crystallinity and conformation of PEO. With high loading, KIO3 nanocrystals are present in the fibers. This formulation design allows easy administration of iodine for preventing childhood iodine deficiency. We have also described a novel and easy method for producing and harvesting nanocrystals of inorganic salts that can be potentially adopted for use in other relevant fields.
17 citations
TL;DR: The studies suggest that KIO3 might have a big effect on the redox balance of tissue and would further result in oxidative stress of organisms and found that IO3(-) can be reduced to I(-) by tissue homogenates and IO3 (-) irreversibly decreases the antioxidant capability of tissues.
16 citations
TL;DR: Both iodine compounds, i.e., KI and KIO3, seem to be safe in terms of their potential oxidative damage to DNA in the thyroid, which constitutes an argument for its preferential utility in iodine prophylaxis.
Abstract: Iodine, bivalent iron (Fe2+), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), all significantly affecting the red-ox balance, are required for thyroid hormone synthesis. Intracellular iodine excess (≥10−3 M) transiently blocks thyroid hormonogenesis (an adaptive mechanism called Wolff–Chaikoff effect). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of iodine, used as potassium iodide (KI) or potassium iodate (KIO3), in concentrations corresponding to those typical for Wolff–Chaikoff effect, on the level of oxidative damage to nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) isolated from porcine thyroid under basal conditions and in the presence of Fenton reaction (Fe2++H2O2 → Fe3++·OH + OH−) substrates. Thyroid nDNA and mtDNA were incubated in the presence of either KI or KIO3 (2.5–50 mM), without/with FeSO4 (30 µM) + H2O2 (0.5 mM). Index of DNA damage, i.e., 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine, was measured by HPLC. Neither KI nor KIO3 increased the basal level of 8-oxodG in both nDNA and mtDNA. KI—in all used concentrations—completely prevented the damaging effect of Fenton reaction substrates in mtDNA, and it partially prevented this damage in nDNA. KIO3 partially prevented Fe2++H2O2-induced oxidative damage in both DNA only in its highest used concentrations (≥25 mM). Without additional prooxidative abuse, both iodine compounds, i.e., KI and KIO3, seem to be safe in terms of their potential oxidative damage to DNA in the thyroid. The superiority of KI over KIO3 relies on its stronger protective effects against oxidative damage to mtDNA, which constitutes an argument for its preferential utility in iodine prophylaxis.
14 citations
TL;DR: The accuracy of the standardization of a sodium thiosulfate solution by potassium dichromate was discussed from the apparent assays of potassium dichromaate under different measurement conditions.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a batch and flow injection spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of barbituric acid in aqueous and urine samples, and good linearity for both methods was obtained ranging from 2 to 60μg −1, 5 −100μg−mL −1 for batch and FI techniques, respectively.
Abstract: A batch and flow injection (FI) spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of barbituric acid in aqueous and urine samples. The method is based on the oxidative coupling reaction of barbituric acid with 4-aminoantipyrine and potassium iodate to form purple water soluble stable product at λ 510 nm. Good linearity for both methods was obtained ranging from 2 to 60 μg mL −1 , 5–100 μg mL −1 for batch and FI techniques, respectively. The limit of detection (signal/noise = 3) of 0.45 μg mL −1 for batch method and 0.48 μg mL −1 for FI analysis was obtained. The proposed methods were applied successfully for the determination of barbituric acid in tap water, river water, and urine samples with good recoveries of 99.92% and 100.67% for batch and FI method, respectively.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a simple and reliable spectrophotometric method for the determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitB 6) and nicotinamide in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations has been described.
Abstract: A simple, precise and reliable spectrophotometric method for the determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitB 6) and nicotinamide (vitB 3) in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations has been described. The method is based on the reaction of studied vitamin with a mixture of potassium iodide and potassium iodate in aqueous medium at (25 ± 0.5 o C) to form yellow colored tri iodide ions ( I� ). The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance at 290, 335 and 288, 350 nm for vitB 6 and vitB 3 respectively. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 0.5-20.0 µg mL -1 for all procedures. Molar absorptivities were found to be 1.49×10 4 , 1.93×10 4 and 0.89×10 4 , 1.25×10 4 L mol -1 cm -1 , for determination of vitB 6 and vitB 3 at 290, 335 and 288, 350 nm respectively. The proposed method has been applied to determine the components in commercial forms with no interference from the excipients. A comparative study between the suggested procedures and the official methods showed no significant difference between the two methods.
7 citations
TL;DR: One titrimetric and two spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the determination of diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) in bulk drug and in formulations using potassium iodate and potassium iodide as reagent as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: One titrimetric and two spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the determination of diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) in bulk drug and in formulations using potassium iodate and potassium iodide as reagent. The methods employ the well-known analytical reaction between iodate and iodide in the presence of acid. In titrimetry (method A), the drug was treated with a measured excess of thiosulfate in the presence of unmeasured excess of iodate-iodide mixture and after a standing time of 10 min, the surplus thiosulfate was determined by back titration with iodine towards starch end point. Titrimetric assay is based on a 1:3 reaction stoichiometry between DEC and iodine and the method is applicable over 2.0-10.0 mg range. The liberated iodine is measured spectrophotometrically at 370 nm (method B) or the iodine-starch complex measured at 570 nm (method C). In both methods, the absorbance is found to be linearly dependent on the concentration of iodine, which in turn is related to DEC concentration. The calibration curves are linear over 2.5-50 and 2.5-30 µg mL-1 DEC for method B and method C, respectively. The calculated molar absorptivity and Sandell sensitivity values were 6.48×103 L mol-1 cm-1 and 0.0604 µg cm-2, respectively, for method B, and their respective values for method C are 9.96×103 L mol-1 cm-1 and 0.0393 µg cm-2. The intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision studies were carried out according to the ICH guidelines. The methods were successfully applied to the analysis of DEC formulations.
5 citations
Patent•
28 Oct 2015
TL;DR: In this article, a urine iodine determination kit is presented, based on the adsorbent, the dilution liquid, the coloring agent and the standard substance of the existing kit, a hydrogen peroxide solution, peroxyacetic acid solution, sodium hypochlorite solution or potassium permanganate solution with a mass percentage concentration of 5-12% is selected as an oxidizing agent and a special terminating liquid is arranged.
Abstract: The present invention discloses a urine iodine determination kit. According to the kit, based on the adsorbent, the dilution liquid, the coloring agent and the standard substance of the existing kit, a hydrogen peroxide solution, peroxyacetic acid solution, sodium hypochlorite solution or potassium permanganate solution with a mass percentage concentration of 5-12% is selected as an oxidizing agent and a special terminating liquid is arranged, and the terminating liquid comprises a sulfuric acid solution, hydrochloric acid solution, citric acid solution, sodium fluoride solution, sodium azide solution or potassium iodate solution with a mass percentage concentration of 1-20% or a combination comprising any solutions selected from the sulfuric acid solution, the hydrochloric acid solution, the citric acid solution, the sodium fluoride solution, the sodium azide solution and the potassium iodate solution according to any mass percentage ratio. According to the present invention, the single adsorbent and the single oxidizing agent are used so as to significantly reduce the cost, and the terminating liquid is used to rapidly terminate the reaction, such that it is ensured that the color is not significantly changed within a certain time, and the stable detection result coloring and the accurate detection result interpretation are achieved.
5 citations
Patent•
07 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the synthesis of 3,5-diiodo-4-aminopyridine by employing an in-situ iodized reagent production method was described.
Abstract: The invention discloses synthesis of 3,5-diiodo-4-aminopyridine by employing an in-situ iodized reagent production method. 4-aminopyridine, iodized salt, potassium iodate and sodium chlorite are taken as main reaction materials; in a reaction process, an oxidant slowly oxidizes the iodized salt into iodine required in reaction; and reaction is carried out in an in-site iodine production manner to obtain the target product 3,5-diiodo-4-aminopyridine. Compared with an existing public technology, the process route has the characteristics that reaction selectivity is high, the quality of the obtained product is high, the iodized reagent is low in price, and the technological operation process is simple.
3 citations
TL;DR: The iCheck Iodine device is reliable and provides a valid method for the quantitative estimation of the iodine content of iodized salt fortified with potassium iodate in the field setting and in different types of salt.
Abstract: Background: Continuous monitoring of salt iodization to ensure the success of the Universal Salt Iodization (USI) program can be significantly strengthened by the use of a simple, safe, and rapid method of salt iodine estimation. This study assessed the validity of a new portable device, iCheck Iodine developed by the BioAnalyt GmbH to estimate the iodine content in salt. Materials and Methods: Validation of the device was conducted in the laboratory of the South Asia regional office of the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD). The validity of the device was assessed using device specific indicators, comparison of iCheck Iodine device with the iodometric titration, and comparison between iodine estimation using 1 g and 10 g salt by iCheck Iodine using 116 salt samples procured from various small-, medium-, and large-scale salt processors across India. Results: The intra- and interassay imprecision for 10 parts per million (ppm), 30 ppm, and 50 ppm concentrations of iodized salt were 2.8%, 6.1%, and 3.1%, and 2.4%, 2.2%, and 2.1%, respectively. Interoperator imprecision was 6.2%, 6.3%, and 4.6% for the salt with iodine concentrations of 10 ppm, 30 ppm, and 50 ppm respectively. The correlation coefficient between measurements by the two methods was 0.934 and the correlation coefficient between measurements using 1 g of iodized salt and 10 g of iodized salt by the iCheck Iodine device was 0.983. Conclusions: The iCheck Iodine device is reliable and provides a valid method for the quantitative estimation of the iodine content of iodized salt fortified with potassium iodate in the field setting and in different types of salt.
TL;DR: A simple and inexpensive single solution field kit, specific to iodate, was developed for regular monitoring of salt at consumption level and showed reproducible results for the target range of 0–50 parts per million (ppm) of iodine.
Abstract: Regular monitoring of salt at consumption level is very important for the control of iodine deficiency disorders through iodine fortified salt A simple and inexpensive single solution field kit, specific to iodate, was developed for this purpose The kit showed reproducible results for the target range of 0–50 parts per million (ppm) of iodine The minimum detectable iodine level was 102 ± 0012 ppm (mean ± 2SD, 95 % CI) The shelf-life of the kit was more than 2 years The cost of one kit that monitors 100–150 salt samples was 7 cents (007$) Instructions for preparing the field kit are presented The performance of the kit was evaluated against laboratory iodometric titration About 2,32,000 salt samples in the field and 1,224 samples in the laboratory were tested Excellent agreement was observed between the results of the kit and iodometric titration (R2 = 0999) The intake of adequately iodated salt determined by the kit and iodometric titration was 43 % and 44 % respectively There were no false positive results when bromate or bleaching powder was substituted in place of iodate in salt
Patent•
13 May 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel composite iodine disinfectant is proposed, which is prepared from raw materials, including quaternary ammonium salt, iodine, potassium iodate, inorganic acid and water, in percentage by weight.
Abstract: The invention provides a novel composite iodine disinfectant as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The novel composite iodine disinfectant is prepared from raw materials, including quaternary ammonium salt, iodine, potassium iodate, inorganic acid and water, in percentage by weight. The preparation method comprises steps as follows: firstly, the quaternary ammonium salt, the inorganic acid and the water are mixed, heated and heat-insulated, then the iodine and the potassium iodate are added, and a continuous heat-insulation mixing reaction is conducted until the iodine is completely dissolved. The composite iodine disinfectant has characteristics of the high sterilization speed and the high efficiency of iodine disinfectants as well as the characteristic of long sterilization and bacteriostatic duration of quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants, so that the usage frequency can be reduced. The preparation method is simple, the technological process is simple and easy to control, the production cycle is short, the production cost is low, and the method is suitable for industrial production. The composite iodine disinfectant can be used as a sterilization product applied to preparation of main components and is good in stability, non-toxic and non-irritating; the composite iodine disinfectant can also be applied to sterilization of animal husbandry and aquaculture and is good in sterilization and bacteriostatic effect.
Patent•
20 Sep 2015
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed an improved technology of potassium iodate production, which can find application in chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industry during manufacturing of iodine-containing compounds.
Abstract: FIELD: chemistry.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to potassium iodate production technology and will find application in chemical, pharmaceutical and food industry during manufacturing of iodine-containing compounds. The method to produce potassium iodate includes continuous electrochemical oxidation of potassium iodide to potassium iodate with mass concentration of potassium iodide 55-85 kg/mand potassium iodate 70-170 kg/min presence of potassium bichromate with mass concentration of up to 2 kg/mon an oxidating ruthenium-titanium anode at anode current density of not more than 2000 A/min the solution at temperature of 60-80°C, crystallisation of potassium iodate by continuous bleeding of some electrolyte, its cooling to ambient temperature and separation of potassium iodate crystals from mother solution, and mother solution separated from crystals is strengthened by potassium iodide and returns to the electrolytic cell.EFFECT: proposal of improved technology of potassium iodate production.
Patent•
27 May 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, an S-type iodophor disinfection solution and a preparation method of the solution was described. But the preparation method consisted of following steps: AEO-9 is uniformly mixed with glycerin; water is added; an obtained mixture is heated for dissolving, and is cooled so as to obtain a solution A for further processing.
Abstract: The invention discloses an S-type iodophor disinfection solution and a preparation method thereof The S-type iodophor disinfection solution is prepared via mixing of iodine, potassium iodide, potassium iodate, glycerin, AEO-9 (primary alcobol ethoxylate), potassium iodate, acetic acid, sodium acetate, and water The preparation method comprises following steps: AEO-9 is uniformly mixed with glycerin; water is added; an obtained mixture is heated for dissolving, and is cooled so as to obtain a solution A for further processing; potassium iodide is dissolved in a small amount of water; iodine is added, and stirring is carried out for dissolving; potassium iodate is added for dissolving so as to obtain a solution B; the A solution and the B solution are added into a solution containing acetic acid and sodium acetate; and an obtained mixed material is diluted with water to full dose, and is mixed uniformly so as to obtain the S-type iodophor disinfection solution
29 May 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of iodometric titration in salt, added as potassium iodate, by calculating its measurement uncertainty to investigate the reliability of the results, and the results need to be accurate and precise to standardize monitoring programs.
Abstract: Salt for human consumption is used to increase iodine intake and prevent Iodine Deficiency Disorders. This worldwide practice is recommended by the World Health Organization and monitored by government programs. The determination of iodine content in salt, added as potassium iodate, is a classic method used in national monitoring. Despite being the most common iodine-quantification method, it is not documented in publications to support Sanitary Surveillance initiatives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of iodine determination in salt, added as potassium iodate, by iodometric titration and calculate its measurement uncertainty to investigate the reliability of the results. The results need to be accurate and precise to standardize monitoring programs. The study was conducted in eight concentrations, from 2 to 100 mg/kg. The method is robust. It features selectivity without matrix interference, linearity (r2 = 0.99998) through the range of values studied, detection limit set by visual evaluation at 1 mg/kg, quantitation limit of 2 mg/kg, 98–101% recovery, relative standard deviation ≤ 7.15%, inter-operator reproducibility as shown by a repeatability limit of 0.55 mg/kg, and intermediate precision (p = 0.41). The measurement uncertainty was set at 0.93 mg/kg with a 95.45% confidence level.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a new sensitive and simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of sodium 2-sulfanylethanesulfonate (SSES) with leucocrystal violet.
Abstract: The aim of this research was to develop a new sensitive and simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of sodium 2-sulfanylethanesulfonate (SSES) with leucocrystal violet. The procedure is based on a redox reaction occurring between the SSES and potassium iodate in an acidic medium. Formed in stoichiometric quantity iodine oxidizes leucocrystal violet to the crystal violet dye, whose coloring is a base of the spectrophotometric measurements. The crystal violet dye formed shows maximum and stable absorbance at pH = 4.1 ± 0.1 and λ = 590 nm. The molar absorptivity, limit of detection and limit of determination of the method were calculated to be 6.98 × 104 L/mol cm, 0.10 and 0.13 μg/mL, respectively. The color system obeys Beer’s law in the range 0.2–2.0 μg/mL of SSES. The optimum analytical conditions were evaluated. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of SSES in pharmaceutical preparations, without the need of any complicated instrumentation. Reliability of determination was confirmed applying standard iodometric method, recommended by European and Polish Pharmacopoeia.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple sensitive and selective method was developed for the determination of 2-aminophenol and catechol with 4-aminoantipyrine, which gave an intense water soluble color products that have maximum absorption at 427, 378 nm and?max 0.19104 and 0.12104, respectively.
Abstract: A simple, sensitive and selective method has been developed for the determination of 2-aminophenol and catechol with 4-aminoantipyrine. The method is based on the reaction of 2-aminophenol and catechol with 4-aminoantipyrine and potassium iodate at pH 3.7 and 3.3 respectively. The reactions gave an intense water soluble color products that have maximum absorption at 427, 378 nm and ?max0.19104 and 0.12104 for 2-aminophenol and catechol respectively . A linear correlations (1-9 ?g ml-1) for both compounds were found between absorbance at ?max and concentration. The results obtained are both precise (RSD were better than 1.3 % and 2.2 % respectively) and accurate (relative error were better than 0.03 % and 0.4 %) . The colored products were found to be 1:1 for 2-aminophenol:4-aminoantipyrine and catechol : 4-aminoantipyrine . The stability constants and the rate constants of the reactions under optimized conditions and at room temperature were 0.1×103 L.mole-1, 1.8×10-2 min-1 and 3.5×104 L.mole -1 , 2.6×10-2 min-1 respectively. Key words: 4-Aminoantipyrine, Catechol and[2-Aminophenol, Spectrophotometry .
Patent•
07 Dec 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the problem of providing a potassium iodide generating agent composition which is prepared in order to deal with the case that a radiation accident is caused and from which the generator can be generated instantaneously is addressed.
Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a potassium iodide generating agent composition which is prepared in order to deal with the case that a radiation accident is caused and from which potassium iodide can be generated instantaneously, and to provide a potassium iodide generator, in which the potassium iodide generating agent composition is used, and a device for sucking potassium iodide, in which the potassium iodide generator is used.SOLUTION: The potassium iodide generating agent composition contains (A) fuel and (B) potassium iodate and/or potassium periodate so that the content rate of the (B) component becomes 40-65 mass%. The potassium iodide generator is constituted so that ignition means and the potassium iodide generating agent composition are housed in a housing having a discharge port of potassium iodide-containing gas. The device for sucking potassium iodide includes: the potassium iodide generator; a hermetically-sealed chamber which is filled with the potassium iodide-containing gas generated from the potassium iodide generator; and potassium iodide sucking means connected to the hermetically-sealed chamber.
01 Jan 2015
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of iodometric titration in salt and calculated its measurement uncertainty to investigate the reliability of the results, which was conducted in eight concentrations, from 2 to 100 mg/kg.
Abstract: Salt for human consumption is used to increase iodine intake and prevent Iodine Deficiency Disorders. This worldwide practice is recommended by the World Health Organization and monitored by government programs. The determination of iodine content in salt, added as potassium iodate, is a classic method used in national monitoring. Despite being the most common iodine-quantification method, it is not documented in publications to support Sanitary Surveillance initiatives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of iodine determination in salt, added as potassium iodate, by iodometric titration and calculate its measurement uncertainty to investigate the reliability of the results. The results need to be accurate and precise to standardize monitoring programs. The study was conducted in eight concentrations, from 2 to 100 mg/kg. The method is robust. It features selectivity without matrix interference, linearity (r 2