Showing papers on "Projectile published in 1983"
TL;DR: In this article, a model was developed to describe the plugging process occurring in thin plates or those of intermediate thickness when struck by blunt projectiles at normal incidence and the dynamic response of the target was included in terms of the action of a plastic hinge resulting from shear applied at the projectile periphery.
62 citations
TL;DR: It is important for the trauma surgeon to understand the basic principles of terminal gunshot ballistics and the study of the projectile's effect on striking soft tissue.
Abstract: • It is important for the trauma surgeon to understand the basic principles of terminal gunshot ballistics and the study of the projectile's effect on striking soft tissue. The amount of kinetic energy dissipated to the tissue is directly related to the mass and velocity of the projectile as follows: K = MV 2 /2. Doubling the velocity quadruples the energy, while doubling the mass only doubles the energy. A temporary tissue cavity is produced as the striking projectile compresses the surrounding tissue; the higher the energy release, the more extensive the inapparent compressive damage. The permanent cavity that remains is the result of extrusion of tissue from the pathway of the projectile. The higher the velocity, the higher the likelihood of extensive damage. If the missle expands or fragments within the tissues, more damage will occur. ( Arch Otolaryngol 1983;109:313-318)
45 citations
TL;DR: Projectile L-Auger electrons were measured with high resolution in collision of 91.6 MeV Arq+ on gaseous target atoms (H2, He, Ne).
Abstract: Projectile L-Auger electrons were measured with high resolution in collision of 91.6 MeV Arq+ on gaseous target atoms (H2, He, Ne). Kinematic (Doppler) broadening effects were significantly reduced by observing the Auger electrons at an angle of zero degrees. Light target atoms were used to avoid considerable changes in the outer shell of the projectile during L-shell ionisation. Thus, the predominant excitations of the configurations 1s22s22p53s23p and 1s22s22p53s2 are achieved for incident Ar5+ and Ar6+, respectively.
44 citations
Patent•
01 Mar 1983TL;DR: In this article, a high pressure, high velocity plasma jet is used to accelerate a moving target along a confined path by supplying high pressure to the rear of the target as the target traverses the path.
Abstract: A projectile is accelerated along a confined path by supplying a pulsed high pressure, high velocity plasma jet to the rear of the projectile as the projectile traverses the path. The jet enters the confined path at a non-zero angle relative to the projectile path. The pulse is derived from a dielectric capillary tube having an interior wall from which plasma forming material is ablated in response to a discharge voltage. The projectile can be accelerated in response to the kinetic energy in the plasma jet or in response to a pressure increase of gases in the confined path resulting from the heat added to the gases by the plasma.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the reaction induced by 44 MeV/u Ar on Ni and Au and found that projectile fragmentation was the dominant process already at this intermediate energy.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a railgun is used to inject dielectric hydrogen isotope pellets at velocities up to 10 km/s or more at high repetition rates, where the mass of the propulsive arc is less than the pellet mass.
Abstract: Railguns have been nominated as fusion fuel pellet injectors. It appears that a railgun could launch dielectric hydrogen isotope pellets at velocities up to 10 km/s or more at high repetition rates. A railgun consists of two parallel conductors (rails) that carry current to and from an interconnecting link (plasma arc armature). The magnetic field generated by the rail currents accelerates the armature and pellet. In addition to high launch velocity, a railgun offers several potential advantages for pellet injection: (1) pellets can be dielectric, (2) pellets can be fed into the open breech as rapidly as they are launched, (3) current can be controlled to ensure isentropic acceleration, (4) the mass of the propulsive arc is less than the pellet mass, (5) cryogenic and vacuum operation is possible, and (6) the pellet is provided lateral support permitting acceleration stresses in excess of its tensile strength, which results in shorter injectors, acceleration times, and higher repetition rates. The most restrictive limitation on railgun injector operation results from the low strength of the solid hydrogen pellets. An acceleration stress limited to 30 bars would require a launcher length of 3400 times the DT projectile length to achieve 10 km/s; i.e., a 5‐mm‐long projectile would require a 17‐m launcher. A critical area needing investigation is the potentially adverse effect of the high temperature armature on the pellet.
38 citations
Patent•
22 Apr 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, the player's total score is reflective of events on both the real and simulated aspects of the game, such as initiation of the simulated aspect, and events such as release of the projectile from the projectile-capture target.
Abstract: A pinball game, in addition to having an aspect in which a real projectile, i.e., a pinball, is manipulated to strike various targets, has a simulated projectile aspect in which a projectile is simulated by stepwise illumination of lights on an array. Events, in the simulated aspect, such as initiation of the simulated aspect, result from events on the playfield of the real projectile, such as retention of the projectile by a projectile-capture target, and events, such as release of the projectile from the projectile-capture target, result from events in the simulated aspect, such as completion or noncompletion of a maze. The player's total score is reflective of events on both the real and simulated aspect of the game.
32 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a general definition of the liquid moment is developed and expressions are obtained for the frequencies and damping rates of the projectile's angular motion, and an expression for the liquid pressure moment is derived without the unnecessary mathematical approximations of the Stewartson- Wedemeyer theory.
Abstract: : Liquid payload motion can have a significant effect on the stability of a spinning projectile. A general definition of the liquid moment is developed and expressions are obtained for the frequencies and damping rates of the projectile's angular motion. An expression for the liquid pressure moment is derived without the unnecessary mathematical approximations of the Stewartson- Wedemeyer theory, and wall shear effects are added to this improved SW pressure moment to obtain the total liquid moment. This moment expression applies to cavities that are fully filled, partially filled or fully filled with a central rod. The improved theory shows that as the Reynolds number decreases, (a) the eigenfrequency-related side moment peaks decrease steadily in size but that (b) the average side moment level first increases and then decreases. This latter predicted behavior is in good qualitative agreement with the D'Amico-Miller conjecture that relates the liquid spin-down moment to the liquid side moment. Good agreement is also obtained between the theory and all available published data from liquid- filled gyroscope experiments.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the optimal shape of an earth penetrating projectile is investigated based on the Discs-Model, and the interaction pressure is expressed as a function of the nose shape, where the instantaneous resistive force is minimized to yield and optimal shape function.
29 citations
Patent•
20 Jun 1983
TL;DR: Improved small arms ammunition comprising a conventional primed cartridge case and a hollow projectile in tubular geometric form is provided in this article, which is characterized by a nose of circular cross-section expanding back to the main body of the projectile.
Abstract: Improved small arms ammunition comprising a conventional primed cartridge case and a hollow projectile in tubular geometric form is provided according to the present invention. In accordance with the teachings of this invention, the hollow projectile in tubular geometric form is characterized by a nose of circular cross-section expanding back to the main body of the projectile. The main body of the projectile includes a rotational band about at least a portion of the periphery thereof and is backed by a pusher disc and obturator to seal off the central core of the projectile so that propulsive force may be imparted thereto. The tubular projectile is lighter than its comparable conventional counterparts, exhibits gyroscopic stability and is capable of being fired at higher muzzle velocities and producing less recoil than that associated with conventional small arms ammunition while at the same time depositing a great amount of kinetic energy upon impacting the target.
28 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an interference on the wake potentials induced in the solid by the two Coulomb-exploding nuclear fragments is explained by a strong molecular effect on the total electron emission.
Abstract: Measurements of low energy electron spectra and the total electron yield γ from energetic E/M > 20 keV/U ion/solid-interaction are used to obtain information on electron production and emission processes. The data for monoatomic projectile ions can be explained in the framework of current theories. Comparing the isotachic yields γ of atomic and molecular projectile ions a strong molecular effect on the total electron emission is found. It is explained by an interference on the wake potentials induced in the solid by the two Coulomb-exploding nuclear fragments. From these data the wake wavelength or the plasma frequency of the electron in the solid can be calculated.
TL;DR: In this paper, a one-dimensional wave propagation model of plate perforation is developed for cylindrical projectiles impacting plates at normal obliquity. But this model assumes that the projectile and plate materials are rigid-linearly strain-hardening and rigid-perfectly plastic respectively, with respect to engineering stress and strain.
Patent•
17 Oct 1983
TL;DR: In this article, a training cartridge has a plastic projectile or plastic dummy projectile wherein the projectile or dummy projectile is integrally molded on a synthetic resin sleeve open at the rear end, and the sleeve is inserted in a cartridge case of metal open at its front end.
Abstract: A training cartridge has a plastic projectile or plastic dummy projectile wherein the projectile or dummy projectile is integrally molded on a synthetic resin sleeve open at the rear end. The sleeve is inserted in a cartridge case of metal open at its front end. The cartridge case with case shoulder and case neck formed thereon is made to be open also at the rear end so that the synthetic resin sleeve can be inserted from the rear end into the cartridge case in close contact with the inner wall thereof. A separate metallic bottom piece is inserted into the rear end of the cartridge case, sealing the case tightly toward the rear.
Patent•
15 Mar 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for correcting the ignition time of a time fuse (4) was proposed, in which first the distance between the gun firing the projectile (1) and the target object is determined and, in dependence thereupon, the basic time of the fuse(4) is set.
Abstract: The invention relates to a method for correcting the ignition time of a time fuse (4), in which method first the distance between the gun firing the projectile (1) and the target object is determined and, in dependence thereupon, the basic time of the fuse (4) is set. After the projectile (1) has been fired, its velocity (v) is measured at least once in the gunbarrel and at least once on the flight path from the projectile (1) itself. From the measurement values obtained in this manner, correction factors are formed by means of which the ignition time of the time fuse (4) is reset. A projectile (1) which has a piezo-electric accelerometer (2) is used for carrying out the method. The accelerometer (2) is followed by a control device (3) which carries out corrections of the ignition time.
TL;DR: In this article, an exact calculation of the kinematics for the transfer of one or more nucleons from a projectile to a target at bombarding energies above the Coulomb barrier is presented.
Patent•
01 Nov 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a muzzle brake for measuring the muzzle velocity V 0 of a projectile fired from a weapon enables eliminating the effects of interfering magnetic fields, particularly that of the terrestrial magnetic field.
Abstract: The apparatus for measuring the muzzle velocity V 0 of a projectile fired from a weapon enables eliminating the effects of interfering magnetic fields, particularly that of the terrestrial magnetic field. For this purpose the apparatus comprises a shielding arrangement for shielding or screening interfering magnetic fields. Such measuring apparatus contains two induction coils and a support for the attachment thereof which is made of a material of low magnetic permeability. For shielding or screening the interfering magnetic fields there is used a shielding arrangement made of a material of high magnetic permeability. The apparatus is simultaneously constructed as a muzzle brake and is suitable for measuring the muzzle velocity of sabot projectiles.
TL;DR: In this paper, a pre-equilibrium process for fast light particle emissions in heavy-ion reactions is described and the spectrum shapes of proton, alpha, deuteron and triton emissions are well explained for an example case, 14 N + 181 Ta at 115 MeV.
Patent•
23 Nov 1983
TL;DR: In this article, an aerial bola game is presented for playing along a horizontal play-field provided with a plurality of uprightly extending targets of the elevated cross-bar type and arranged in a courseway wherein the targets are to be serially consecutively engaged by a bola-type projectile according to some predetermined game-plan.
Abstract: Disclosed is an aerial projectile game apparatus for playing along a horizontal play-field provided with a plurality of uprightly extending targets of the elevated cross-bar type and arranged in a courseway wherein the targets are to be serially consecutively engaged by a bola-type projectile according to some predetermined game-plan. The elevated cross-bar of the respective targets is preferably undulate along the transversely extending length to facilitate reliable engagement by the hurled bola and to permit various scoring values. The selected game-plan quest is optionally playable by two or more competing players respectively being assigned with an indentifiably marked bola. The game-plan to be selected might be analagous to that of prior art croquent utilizing rolling-ball projectiles, but instead utilizing an aerial bola projectile and an appropriate cross-bar type target.
Patent•
11 Mar 1983
TL;DR: A firearm, black powder cartridge for a projectile, including a formed casing of a major quantity of an alkaline nitrate with minor amount of a fibrous, essentially pure cellulose forming a consumable, inflammable case, for containing propelling black powder and holding a projectile as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A firearm, black powder cartridge for a projectile, including a formed casing of a major quantity of an alkaline nitrate with minor amount of a fibrous, essentially pure cellulose forming a consumable, inflammable case, for containing propelling black powder and holding a projectile The projectile may be lightly coated with a solid, dry lubricant which is useful for muzzle loading weapons and breech loading weapons The cartridge produces a minimal of residue which is essentially non-corrosive
Patent•
23 May 1983TL;DR: A pusher-type sabot for the launching of sub-calibre ballistic projectiles is described in this article, where the pusher plate and bore rider are segmented such that the trajectory imparted upon the pushers plate and rider segment is deviant from that of the sub-caliber ballistic projectile upon leaving the gun bore.
Abstract: A pusher-type sabot for the launching of sub-caliber ballistic projectileshose dimensions are significantly less than the gun bore diameter from which they are launched, the pusher-type sabot having a pusher plate and bore rider, segmented such that the trajectory imparted upon the pusher plate and bore rider segment is deviant from that of the sub-caliber ballistic projectile upon leaving the gun bore.
Patent•
11 Mar 1983
TL;DR: In this article, a relatively short ramrod-like shaft with an axial cap closed powder containing sleeve at one end provided with a catch retaining the device within a pocket was used for quickly reloading a gun.
Abstract: A muzzle-loading device for quickly reloading a gun. The device includes a relatively short ramrod-like shaft having an axial cap closed powder containing sleeve at one end provided with a catch retaining the device within a pocket. An open end sleeve is telescopically frictionally supported by the other end of the shaft with one end of the sleeve normally gripped by a nut slidably surrounding the shaft. A projectile cap closes the other sleeve end to form a projectile chamber in which the projectile protrudes axially beyond the end of the sleeve opposite the shaft. A percussion cap clip is supported by the projectile chamber cap.
TL;DR: In this article, exact numerical calculations of differential and total $1s\ensuremath{-}1s$ electron-capture cross sections evaluated in the second Born approximation are presented for targets and projectiles of various charges at velocities between 10 and 200 MeV/amu.
Abstract: Results of exact numerical calculations of differential and total $1s\ensuremath{-}1s$ electron-capture cross sections evaluated in the second Born approximation are presented for targets and projectiles of various charges ${Z}_{T}$ and ${Z}_{P}$ at velocities between 10 and 200 MeV/amu. For symmetric systems with ${Z}_{P}={Z}_{T}=Z$ the Thomas peak in the differential cross section, characteristic of a free-wave second Born-approximation process, appears at velocities above ${Z}^{2}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}(5 MeV/amu), where $Z$ is the nuclear charge of the target (or projectile). The shape of this Thomas peak contains information about real and virtual intermediate states of the system. For total cross sections at velocities below ${Z}^{2}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}(2 MeV) the second Born-approximation cross section is larger than the first Born-approximation cross section indicating a breakdown of the second Born approximation using the free-wave Green's function. Results using the peaking approximation of Drisko converge to our exact second Born-approximation results only at velocities well above ${Z}^{2}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}(10 MeV/amu). For systems asymmetric in ${Z}_{P}$ and ${Z}^{T}$ no exact scaling is found, although the systematics are qualitatively similar to the symmetric case using $Z=\frac{1}{2}({Z}_{P}+{Z}_{T})$. For $p$ + Ne at 100 MeV, the exact Born-approximation results lie somewhat above exact impulse-approximation calculations. It is found that the peaking approximation of Briggs and Simony converges to exact second Born-approximation results as the asymmetry of the projectile and target charges increases. At very high velocities the peaking approximation of Drisko also converges slowly to the exact second Born-approximation result.
Patent•
05 May 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a method to measure the deviation ( DELTA x, DELTA y) of the point from the point representative of the optical axis of the sight passing through the target, and the result of this measurement is used out in order to control the next shot.
Abstract: The target (C) is aimed at with an optical sight (1) throughout the travel of the projectile fired (P), a point representative of the optical axis of the sight passing through the target is formed permanently on a detection surface (3), the projectile is fired and illuminated with a pulse of light from a laser range-finder (2) in order to obtain a reflection from the projectile and the reflected pulse is used in order to form on the detection surface (3) a point representative of the position of the projectile, the deviation ( DELTA x, DELTA y) of this point from the point representative of the optical axis is measured and the result of this measurement is used out in order to control the next shot. The invention relates to all weapons firing a projectile having a flat trajectory.
Patent•
04 Oct 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a high-explosive filling made of stabilized secondary explosive material is used to produce a highly effective high explosive projectile with great operational safety, where the conical conical piece is formed by a conical shell and splinters from a metal closing piece are thrown into an empty duct.
Abstract: On impact the primer (37) is struck by the point (33) and transmits the ignition to an explosive column (14) located in the hollow nose (4). The splinters from a metal closing piece (17) are then thrown violently into an empty duct (19) located along the center line of the high-explosive filling (23, 24) made of stabilized secondary explosive material. When the projectile has been fired it is driven in rotation in order to stabilize it and the bolt (27) subjected to centrifugal force frees the way along the duct (19). The splinters from piece (17) can therefore travel through the duct (19) and strike the ignition booster (22) which is also made of stabilized secondary explosive material. The hollow charge is formed by the conical piece (11). A highly effective projectile is produced having great operational safety.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the folding angle distributions between coincident fission-like fragments at several beam energies and showed that essentially the entire mass of the projectile is transferred to the composite system, which subsequently decays via symmetric fission.
Abstract: Fission fragment mass and angular distributions were measured for /sup 32/S induced reactions on /sup 208/Pb at the laboratory energies of 180, 210, 250, and 266 MeV. By measuring the folding angle distributions between coincident fissionlike fragments at several beam energies it is shown that essentially the entire mass of the projectile is transferred to the composite system, which subsequently decays via symmetric fission. With increasing projectile energy the width of the mass distribution increases approximately as the square root of the nuclear temperature. The energy dependence of the angle integrated fusion-fission cross sections can be well described by classical trajectory calculations using the proximity potential and one-body dissipation. The fission fragment angular distributions become more anisotropic with increasing beam energy. Even at the lowest energy of 180 MeV, the angular distributions are more anisotropic than expected from statistical model calculations using saddle point shapes of the rotating liquid drop model. A simple parametrization of the angular momentum dependence of the effective moment of inertia gives a consistent description of the energy dependence of the angular distributions.
Patent•
17 May 1983
TL;DR: In this article, an annular sabot member was applied on the rear part of a sub-calibre spinning projectile and a guiding sleeve was made of a high-strength material of low density, preferably glass-fibre reinforced polyamide.
Abstract: The invention relates to a drive element (1) for a sub-calibre spinning projectile (2). The drive element (1) comprises an annular sabot member (17) applied on the rear part of the projectile (2) and a guiding sleeve (7) of full-calibre substantially embracing the projectile (2) as well as the sabot member (17). The guiding sleeve (7) is provided with an external driving band (9) made directly in the sleeve material and internal threads coacting with corresponding threads (18) of the sabot member (17). The front part of the sabot member is provided with a central, axial hollow (20) for the rear part of the projectile comprising a plurality of axially extending locking pins (22) arranged to engage corresponding recesses (6) made in the outer cylindrical surface of the projectile close to its rear end surface (5) to secure the projectile (2) to the sabot member (17). The guiding sleeve is made of a high-strength material of low density, preferably a glass-fibre reinforced polyamide.
Patent•
17 Oct 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, a synthetic resin projectile is held within a training case by drawing the case inwards, after insertion of the synthetic resin sleeve, in its frontal zone to form a conical case shoulder and a cylindrical case neck.
Abstract: A training cartridge has a synthetic resin projectile or dummy projectile wherein the projectile or dummy projectile is integrally molded to a synthetic resin sleeve or tube open at the rear end. The sleeve is inserted from the front end of a cartridge case of metal that is open at its front end. The sleeve is held within the cartridge case by drawing the cartridge case inwards, after insertion of the synthetic resin sleeve, in its frontal zone to form a conical case shoulder and a cylindrical case neck, which shoulder and neck encompass the synthetic resin sleeve in firm contact therewith. This arrangement achieves clean separation of the projectile from the remainder of the synthetic resin sleeve and/or avoids uncontrolled tearing off of parts of the synthetic resin sleeve.
Patent•
01 Jun 1983
TL;DR: In this article, a cylindrical metal body was designed as a solid body, with an inner cavity arranged in its front region and with an orifice pointed in the direction of movement of such a projectile.
Abstract: The invention relates to an armour-piercing conflagration projectile which, according to the invention, has a cylindrical metal body (12) designed as a solid body, with an inner cavity (14) arranged in its front region and with an orifice (15) pointed in the direction of movement of such a projectile (10), the cavity (14) having solid side walls (13) extending parallel to the direction of movement and so designed that they essentially preserve their initial form at the start of penetration of the armour by the projectile (10), in order, at the moment of impact with the armour, to produce a completely closed cavity (14), so that adiabatic compression is possible within the cavity, has a conflagration composition (20, 20a) which at least partially fills the cavity (14) and which, triggered by the adiabatic compression, burns in an explosive manner, and has a protective windshield (18) which closes the orifice (15) of the cavity (14) and forms the nose (18, 18a) of the projectile, with the result that it becomes possible to modify armour-piercing training projectiles into armour-piercing conflagration projectiles and to bring about the effects of the conflagration projectile on the rear side of the armour, thereby reinforcing the conflagration effect of such projectiles.
Patent•
01 Feb 1983
TL;DR: In this article, a sub-calibre sub-armour attack against active armor has an enabling projectile disposed axially ahead of a main main projectile and in line and in end-to-end relationship therewith in a common sabot.
Abstract: A subcaliber projectile assembly especially for attack against active armor has an enabling projectile disposed axially ahead of a main projectile and in line and in end-to-end relationship therewith in a common sabot. The fin structures of the two projectiles are designed to increase the resistance of the main projectile so that it is retarded relative to the enabling projectile and strikes the target only after the enabling projectile has depleted at least one level of defense along the line of attack.
Patent•
24 Mar 1983TL;DR: In this article, two sections of explosives are utilized in a shaped charged device to accelerate a moving liner material to high velocity and then to collapse the moving liner on a projectile's longitudinal axis to produce a high velocity jet and slug.
Abstract: Two sections of explosives are utilized in a shaped charged device to first accelerate liner material to high velocity and secondly to collapse the moving liner on a projectile's longitudinal axis to produce a high velocity jet and slug. The apparatus utilizes the principle of superposition of velocity generated by sequentially activated explosives to attain jet and slug velocities having greater ability to defeat armored targets.