Showing papers on "Rear-end collision published in 2012"

A fuzzy aid rear-end collision warning/avoidance system

Abstract: Highlights? We have implemented a rear-end collision warning/avoidance system in a real car. ? The system decides how to perform the maneuver without leaving the road. ? A vehicle-to-infrastructure communication system is used to exchange data. ? Fuzzy logic is used both for the warning and for the avoidance systems. ? Experiments with real cars were conducted with propper results. To decrease traffic accidents is a declared target of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Among them, rear-end collisions are one of the most common and constitute one of the as yet unsolved topics in the automotive sector. This paper presents an approach to the avoidance of rear-end collisions in congested traffic situations. To this end, two fuzzy controllers, a Collision Warning System (CWS) and a Collision Avoidance System (CAS), have been developed. The former is in charge of alerting the driver in case of an impending rear-end collision to prevent or mitigate the crash. The latter is in charge of generating an output control signal for the steering wheel in order to avoid the collision. Both CWS and CAS have been tested with real cars using vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications to acquire data of vehicles. A system installed in the infrastructure capable of assessing road traffic conditions in real time is responsible for transmitting the data of the vehicles in the surrounding area. The systems have been tested at the Center for Automation and Robotics (CAR)'s facilities with two mass-produced cars.

Vehicle rear-end collision warning and protecting method and system

Abstract: The invention discloses a vehicle rear-end collision warning and protecting method, which comprises the following steps that the rear-vehicle relative vehicle speed V1 and the rear-vehicle relative distance S1 are measured in real time; the self-vehicle absolute vehicle speed V2 and the wheel rotating speed W are measured in real time; the rear-vehicle absolute speed V is obtained through calculation according to the self-vehicle absolute vehicle speed V2 and the rear-vehicle relative vehicle speed V1 in accordance with a formula that V=V1+V2; the tire slippage rate Delta is calculated by utilizing the self-vehicle absolute vehicle speed V2 and the wheel rotating speed W, and further, the current pavement attachment coefficient K is calculated; the rear-vehicle real-time brake distance S2 is obtained through calculation according to the rear-vehicle absolute speed V and the current pavement attachment coefficient K; the safe distance S between the two vehicles is calculated in accordance with a formula that S=S2-S1; and the judgment is carried out according to the safe distance S and the rear-vehicle relative distance S1, and warning information is issued and/or a vehicle rear protection air bag is propped out according to judgment results.

Killer Tailgating: Recommendation of Traveling Intervals between Consecutive Motor Vehicles for Rear-end Collision Avoidance

Abstract: Rear-end collisions are the most common type of automobile collision in modern traffic situations, and they have attracted much concern from both traffic safety engineers and travelers. In many cases, however, research that has focused on whether cars follow each other too closely has provided only a narrow insight into human factors. Therefore, this paper offers a basic method to estimate the emergency braking distance of passenger vehicles with respect to the following interval that should be kept as a “gap” between two consecutive vehicles moving in a lane. Four phases of the overall braking process are summarized—the reaction lag, deceleration by the vehicle engine, deceleration by the brake system and full deceleration—and equations are developed to describe the minimal traveling interval between consecutive arrivals, which varies with the pavement conditions, traveling speed and traffic intensities. Since traffic is not constant and probabilistic laws are involved, a Poisson distribution model is presented to estimate the probability of vehicles passing a fixed point within a given interval, so as to assess the risk-taking level of a traffic platoon. Two numerical examples show that vehicles on wet roads have braking distances longer than that suggested by the two-second rule. In addition, the level of risk taking in higher intensity traffic is unexpectedly higher, which could be interpreted as motorists behaving more aggressively and more likely to accept shorter following distances and higher speeds because they believe that they have the ability to swerve to avoid a collision.

Surrogate Safety Measure for Evaluating Rear-end Collision Risk near Recurrent Bottlenecks

Abstract: This study presents a surrogate safety measure for evaluating the rear-end collision risk near recurrent bottleneck area using aggregated traffic data from loop detectors. The attributes of kinematic waves that accompanied rear-end collisions and the traffic conditions at detectors stations spanning the collision location were examined to develop the rear-end collision risk index (RCRI). The logistic regression model was developed using RCRI and standard deviation in occupancy observed at an upstream location. Findings indicated that a unit increase in RCRI results in increasing the odds of rear-end collisions by 32.3%, and an additional unit increase in standard deviation of upstream occupancy increases the odds by 19.8%. The likelihood of rear-end collisions were highest when traffic approaching from upstream location is near capacity while the downstream condition is congested. The proposed model was used to predict rear-end collision risk at the 6-mile study site and compared with the observed traffic collision data from year 2008. Predicted rear-end collision risks were consistent with the observation.

Universal automatic vehicle safety protection device

Abstract: A all-function full-automatic protector of vehicle for sound and light alarm and automatically preventing collision and rear end collision features that the obstacle can be sensed by convex lens and photoelectric tube, the fatigue of driver can be sensed by human body inductor, the vehicle failure can be sensed by thermosensitive resistors, the unbalance of vehicle can be sensed by acceleration unbalance instrument, the vehicles which will be meeting or will cause rear collision can be sensed by infrared receiving head and microphone, and said devices are monitored respectively by active control meter and special left and right control meters for taking relative measurements.

Anti-collision and rear-end collision prevention safety device for high-speed train

Abstract: An anticollision and rear-end collision prevention safety device of a high-speed train comprises a train computer, a speedometer A, a power control unit B and a power device, and further comprises a wireless receiving and sending device, wherein the wireless receiving and sending device is in electrical signal connection with the train computer, the speedometer A is in electrical signal connection with the train computer, and the power control unit B is connected with the power supply of the power device, and is in electrical signal connection with the train computer. In addition, a microcontroller, a power control device A, a speedometer B, a camera and a telescope are also arranged, and the camera is installed at the eye lens end of the telescope.

Collision Avoiding System (CAS)

Abstract: CAS is a system designed to help prevent rear‐end collisions with vehicles which are stationary or travelling in the same direction. Several studies have shown that driver distraction or inattentiveness is a factor in the great majority of rear end accidents. The system is aimed at alerting the driver to an imminent rear end collision both at low speeds, typical of urban driving, and at higher speeds typical of rural roads and highways.

Rear-end collision alarming device

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rear-end collision alarming device capable of alerting a driver of a following vehicle regardless of a traveling state of one's own vehicle.SOLUTION: A rea-end collision alarming device 100, which alerts a driver of a following vehicle when the following vehicle is likely to collide against a vehicle 1, comprises: a mud guard 10 arranged on the rear side of the rear wheel of the vehicle 1; an actuator 12 capable of adjusting the angle of the mud guard 10; a reflection part 11 which is placed at the mud guard 10 and is capable of reflecting the light radiated from the rear side of the vehicle 1; and an approach state determination part 33 for determining whether the following car is likely to collide against the vehicle 1. The device 100 issues collision alert by actuating the actuator 12, adjusting the angle of the mud guard 10, and reflecting the headlights of the following car to the driver of the following car by using the reflection part 11, when the approach state determination part 33 determines that there is possibility for the following car collides against the vehicle 1.

Double rear-end collision prevention device

Abstract: A double rear-end collision prevention device comprises a radar ranging sensor, warning lamps and a control box, and is characterized in that the warning lamps are mounted around a license plate (1) at the rear end of a vehicle, the radar ranging sensor (3) is mounted below the license plate, a red LED vehicle speed display screen (4) is mounted on a rear window, the control box (5) is mounted in a bridge, and a circuit board (6) is mounted in the control box. The double rear-end collision prevention device overcomes the shortcomings of the existing rear-end collision prevention device, and has the advantages of simplicity in production process, evident effect in rear-end collision prevention and the like.

Rear-end collision resisting system of railcar train

Abstract: The utility model discloses a rear-end collision resisting system of a railcar train. An axle pulse sensor is arranged on a train wheel and is used for collecting pulses generated through rotation of a wheel axle; a train comprises a locating module, a first communication module, a second communication module, an interval calculating module, an alarming module and a braking module, wherein the locating module is connected with the axle pulse sensor and is used for calculating the position of a train; the first communication module is used for transmitting train position information to a next train; the second communication module is used for receiving position information of a previous train; the interval calculating module is connected with the locating module and the second communication module and is used for calculating the distance between two vehicles; the alarming module is connected with the interval calculating module and is used for transmitting alarming information when the distance between the two trains is smaller than a first preset value; and the braking module is connected with the interval calculating module and is used for emergently braking when the distance between the two trains is smaller than a second preset value. Through the rear-end collision resisting system disclosed by the utility model, the certain safe distance can be kept between two trains running front and back on a trail, thus the generation of rear-end collision of the train is avoided.

Vehicle collision warning and avoidance system based on electronic hydraulic brake device

Abstract: A forward vehicle collision warning and avoidance system was proposed based on the electronic hydraulic brake device to prevent the rear-end collision.The system real-timely judges the dangerous level of rear-end collision with a time-to-collision algorithm based on the running situations of the front vehicle and this vehicle.When the collision possibility is detected,the system warns the driver with vision and hearing warnings and achieves the vehicle active collision avoidance by the electronic hydraulic brake.An experiment platform was established on a real vehicle to verify the brake pressure control effect.Introducing the system in a test vehicle,the test results show that the system provided timely the stepped collision warning and the brake assistance,enhancing the vehicle driving safety.

Identification of Rear-end Collision Risk on Freeway Work Zone and Its Prominent Influencing Factors

Abstract: This paper focused on analyzing the rear-end collision risk in work zone on freeway and identifying the prominent influencing factorsFirst,the traffic data of vehicles through the merging area and working area of the closed one-way work zone and closed passing-lane work zone were collected and analyzedThese data include vehicle type,speed,time headway and other traffic parameters which can characterize each individual vehicleSecond,the concept of deceleration rate to avoid crash(aD) was introduced,and a methodology to calculate rear-end collision risk based on aD was presentedFurthermore,the possible factors that will cause the rear-end collision risk were summarized,and 4 models to describe the relation between rear-end collision risk and influencing factors were calibratedBased on these models,a sensitivity analysis methodology to identify the over-representative causal factors is put forwardLastly,a case study is provided to verify the applicability and feasibility of the methodology,based on the merging area and work zone of the typical closed one-way work zone and closed passing lane work zone

A retrospective study in understanding 'low speed change' vehicle collisions, occupant movement and likelihood of injury

Abstract: The number of reported minor injury cases resulting from road traffic collisions appearing before the courts in the United Kingdom was in excess of 500,000 in 2007. Over 430,000 of the claims presented to the Courts were for ‘whiplash’ injuries. Whilst whiplash is in fact a mechanism for injury and it is acknowledged that the term almost exclusively relates to soft tissue injury. The United Kingdom is referred to as the whiplash capital of Europe, with 75% of personal injury claims being for whiplash. The cost to the NHS for consultation fees etc for treating whiplash injuries is approximately £8 million annually. It has been felt for some time that the number of reported injury cases cannot all be legitimate. There is a large number which falls under the category of ‘Insurance Fraud’. Such is the problem that the Transport Select Committee has been considering how to tackle it now for a number of months. The applicant has personally provided assistance to the Chair of the Committee. The question: ‘How do experts assist in determining the legitimacy of individual cases?’ has been addressed by this study. The research in this thesis (which consisted of both full scale crash testing and simulator testing) is based on a simplification of both the classification and understanding of low speed change collisions. Rather than considering a threshold below which individuals are not injured, it was felt that classification would be a much simpler way of defining the nature and magnitude of specific cases when comparing occupant acceleration in collisions with accelerations encountered in daily activity. Indeed, such an approach could also lead to less conflict with the legal system where the two disciplines meet, especially since the expert must not usurp the duty of the Court. It was initially considered that there must be a threshold (i.e. a speed change) below which injury cannot occur to motor vehicle occupants. Indeed, this has been the position of some insurers and researchers for a number of years. The work presented in this thesis is both retrospective and current and it spans an 8 year period. At the inception of the study, it was clear that attempting to find a threshold in the manner of ‘one size fits all’ would be difficult and likely would be impossible, especially since all drivers and passengers in cars are individuals. International opinion seems to be in favour of the 5 mph 'threshold' of human occupant injury tolerance within the typical time frame of a rear end collision. However, the results from this study (after recording transient symptoms and a lengthy follow up period) have revealed that speed changes at this level produced considerably greater levels of average acceleration than any normal daily activity and provided much higher peak acceleration levels when considering the disparity between head and chest response. From these initial results it can be concluded that speed changes above 5 mph provide accelerations at a level considerably beyond those experienced in daily activity. The results also show that speed changes below 3 mph provide accelerations at a level generally experienced throughout daily activity and easily tolerated by human beings. That is, normal daily routine ranging from sitting in a chair to light non-contact sport at the upper level etc. The accelerations experienced in speed changes between 3 mph and 5 mph would obviously fall within the two parameters. Analysis of the numerous tests of varying types undertaken lead to the conclusion that there is no one type of ‘everyday activity’ test that accurately replicates a rear end collision. The simulator and crash tests are the only way to accurately measure accelerations and understand what actually happens.

Expressway automobile rear-end collision prevention system

Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of expressway automobile traffic safety, in particular to an expressway automobile rear-end collision prevention system The system comprises an uplink frequency point control module, a downlink frequency point control module, a vehicular rear-end collision prevention module and a vehicular rear-end collision prevention initializing system, wherein the uplink frequency point control module and the downlink frequency point control module are arranged at the entrance and exit of an expressway respectively; the vehicular rear-end collision prevention module is arranged on an automobile at the expressway entrance; the vehicular rear-end collision prevention initializing system is arranged in an expressway charging system; the uplink frequency point control module comprises a coding module, a decoding module, a single chip and a radio transceiving module; and the vehicular rear-end collision prevention initializing system comprises a rear-end collision prevention system initializing module, a rear-end collision prevention system clearing module and a radio-frequency module The system provided by the invention can effectively prevent the traffic collision on the expressway

Rear-end collision prevention telemetering device for trains

Abstract: The utility model relates to a rear-end collision prevention telemetering device for trains On first and second trains running in the same line, the first train is installed with a signal response device while the second train is installed with a radar; the radar is connected with a signal processing system; the signal processing system has two outputs, and one output is connected with a display screen while the other output is connected with a brake system; a train distance and a train speed module corresponding to the train distance are disposed in the signal processing system; a signal emitted from the radar of the second train is fed back to the second train through the response device of the first train; the signal processing system of the second train compares the train speed with the train distance and sends a corresponding response measure signal; and the instruction display screen and the brake device display various parameters and make measures of reducing speed and stopping the trains

Rear-end collision automatic alarm device

Abstract: The invention relates to a rear-end collision automatic alarm device. When the bending deformation of a vehicle front guard plate or a vehicle front cover occurs during read-end collision of a vehicle, the displacement of magnet steel arranged in the vehicle front cover and the vehicle front guard plate occurs, and a magnetic switch is disconnected, or a wire connection point is tightened for disconnecting the switch, a crystal triode in a control circuit connected with the switch can be conducted for realizing suction of a relay, and a resistance wire is connected for heating fireworks and crackers, which are electrically ignited for emitting different rear-end collision alarm signals, such as sound and light, firework display and white smoke. The alarm device is jointly opened with other indication control circuits of the vehicle. The device is further provided with an emergency alarm button for emergency alarm of a driver. An electrically-ignited firework alarm part is installed on a rear-view mirror of the vehicle and combined with the rear-view mirror into a whole. The device can also be made into a temporary installation form. The magnet steel, the magnetic switch, a pull-cord switch and the electrically-ignited firework alarm part can be fixed outside the vehicle and be temporarily installed or dismantled. The electrically-ignited firework alarm device which is temporarily installed uses a battery for power supply.

Device for preventing vehicle from suffering rear-end collision

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a device and a method for preventing a vehicle from suffering a rear-end collision that can prevent the subject vehicle from getting rear-ended by a following vehicle without making a driver of the following vehicle feel unnecessarily troublesome.SOLUTION: A device for preventing a vehicle from suffering a rear-end collision prevents the subject vehicle from getting rear-ended by a following vehicle. The device includes: rear-end collision suffering possibility determining means for determining the possibility of the subject vehicle getting rear-ended by the following vehicle; deceleration operation possibility determining means for determining the possibility of the subject vehicle's driver performing deceleration operation; and attention attracting means for performing to attract the attention of the following vehicle's driver based on the possibility of the rear-end collision determined by the rear-end collision suffering possibility determining means. The attention attracting means, when it is determined by the deceleration operation possibility determining means that there is a high possibility of the subject vehicle's driver performing deceleration operation, performs to attract the attention in earlier timing than the case when it is determined that there is a low possibility of the subject vehicle's driver performing the deceleration operation.

Changes of Driver Behavior by Rear-end Collision Prevention Support System in Poor Visibility

Abstract: Changes of driver behavior by the rear-end collision prevention support system with road-to-vehicle communication, was evaluated on a public road. From a viewpoint of safety, “normative behavior” which the system certainly requires to a driver was defined as “deceleration behavior in a poor visibility section”, and it was compared between with-system and without-system conditions. As a result, behavioral changes of gas pedal release or speed decrease were observed in a part of participants. By analysis of driver’s individual characteristics, the result of behavioral changes could be interpreted as being due to driver’s situation awareness for the risk of “invisible objects”.

Rear-end collision prevention support device

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rear-end collision prevention support apparatus capable of determining whether there is an intention to avoid a collision by a steering operation such as passing when the subject vehicle approaches a preceding vehicle, thereby suppressing generation of an unnecessary warning.SOLUTION: An rear-end collision prevention support apparatus issues a warning at timing when a distance between a subject vehicle and a preceding vehicle is equal to or smaller than a predetermined distance. In detecting a vehicle behavior until the subject vehicle reaches a predetermined distance and changing timing of a warning on the basis of the detected vehicle behavior, the apparatus detects, as a vehicle behavior, a change amount of approach of the preceding vehicle, and delays the timing of the warning compared with usual timing if the change amount of approach is small.

Rear-end collision preventing brake early warning device

Abstract: The invention discloses an early warning device capable of preventing automobile rear-end collision. The device is formed by connecting an automobile brake pedal, a variable resistor, a continuous flicker controller and an automobile tail light. The brightness and even flicker change of the automobile tail light are controlled according to the treading degree of the automobile brake pedal, namely the automobile brake deceleration degree so that after prompt and early warning, the driver brakes or brakes emergently to avoid the automobile rear-end collision traffic accident happening when the driver does not brake in time or brake emergently, thereby saving the life safety and property safety of the people.

Vehicle rear-end collision prevention device

Abstract: The utility model discloses a vehicle rear-end collision prevention device and particularly relates to a vehicle rear-end collision prevention device capable of warning. The device can perform the warning function to prevent the rear-end collision of a vehicle and can transmit the vehicle traveling situation to a driver of a subsequent vehicle through changes of brake lights at the rear of the vehicle. The vehicle rear-end collision prevention device comprises brake lights and a power supply and is characterized by further comprising a distance measuring device, a controller and a warning device, wherein the distance measuring device, the controller, the power supply and the warning device are in series connection through wires sequentially. The vehicle rear-end collision prevention device can sound an alarm to alert the driver when the vehicle is at risk of a rear-end collision, and can also transmit different driving situations to the driver of the subsequent vehicle through changes of brake lights at the rear of the vehicle so as to warn the driver of the subsequent vehicle to take measures timely.

Rear-end collision prevention remote sensing device for trains

Abstract: The invention discloses a rear-end collision prevention remote sensing device for trains. A first train and a second train are run on the same line. A signal response device is arranged on the first train. A radar is arranged on the second train. The radar is connected with a signal processing system. The signal processing system outputs two paths of which one path is connected with a display screen and the other path is connected with a braking system. Train distance modules and train velocity modules corresponding to the train distance modules are arranged in the signal processing system. Signals transmitted by the radar of the second train are fed back to the second train by the response device of the first train. The signal processing system of the second train performs comparison on train velocity and a train distance, and transmits a corresponding responsive measure signal to command the display screen and the braking system to display each parameter and take deceleration and stopping measures.

Automobile rear-end collision prevention device

Abstract: The utility model discloses an automobile rear-end collision prevention device and aims at providing an automobile rear-end collision prevention device capable of reducing rear-end collision accidents. The automobile rear-end prevention device comprises an automobile front pressure sensor (1), a button (2), an automobile rear pressure sensor (4), a warning light (5) and a warner (6), the automobile front pressure sensor (1) is arranged at the front end of an automobile, the automobile rear pressure sensor (4) is arranged at the rear end of the automobile, the button (2) can be used for starting the warning light (5) and the warner (6), and the button (2), the warning light (5) and the warner (6) are connected with one another through wires. The automobile rear-end collision prevention device has the advantages of being capable of greatly reducing the rear-end collision accidents on the highway and increasing traffic safety.

Automobile rear-end collision prevention film structure tail

Abstract: The invention relates to an automobile rear-end collision prevention film structure tail and aims to provides an innovative and effective technical scheme to solve the problem of automobile rear-end collision. The automobile rear-end collision prevention film structure tail is characterized in that a preferentially-red film structure tail of several meters long is arranged on the tail part of an automobile to remind the vehicle behind to find earlier and keep the distance so as to prevent the automobile accident.

Method for preventing rear end collision of motor train

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for preventing rear end collision of motor trains. A trailing extends behind each current motor train, and runs and halts along with the motor train along a railway; when the trailing length is greater than the rolling stroke of the motor train under the condition of the loss of power, a driver of a next motor train immediately cuts off the power and brakes unhurriedly once finding the trailing in front with naked eyes; a station is provided with an auxiliary railway for changing the trailing direction of the motor train; during change of the running direction of the motor train in the station, the motor train is switched into the auxiliary railway, the trailing is stopped in the auxiliary railway, the motor train runs to the other end of the trailing reversely, and the trailing is driven to run into a reverse railway; and passengers get on or get off, goods are loaded and unloaded or the motor train is overhauled when the motor train is on the auxiliary railway. The method has the characteristics of intuitively observing the trailing state, intuitively finding and presuming a motor train which is not too far in the front, overcoming the defects of the conventional motor train running method and effectively avoiding the rear end collision between a next motor train and a front motor train.

Car rear-end collision prevention method and car rear-end collision prevention device

Abstract: The invention discloses a car rear-end collision prevention method and a car rear-end collision prevention device. The car rear-end collision prevention method is characterized in that supporting rods are arranged on two sides of an engine hood in a hidden manner, a car girder can be used as supporting points of the rear ends of the supporting rods, the front ends of the supporting rods are hinged with pull rods or pulling ropes, at least one connection pin is arranged in the middle of each pull rod so that two sections of each pull rod are in flexible connection during pulling the pull rods, the lower ends of the pull rods or the pull ropes are hinged with the front end of the car girder, when in a rear-end collision accident, speed and distance can be measured by radars or infrared sensing elements, at the critical instant of crashing inevitably, the rear-end collision prevention device is actuated to be supports, the supporting rods and the car girder form a triangular stabilizing structure, inward pulling force can be generated by the pull rods or pull ropes, the supporting rods of the car can be clamped at the rear of a truck, and accordingly, the car and passengers can be protected well and the accident that the car is crashed into the rear end of the truck is prevented. Besides, the car rear-end collision prevention device is simple in structure, easy to be modified or manufactured, low in production cost, fine in service effect, quite favorable for popularization and realizing and capable of preventing traffic accidents.

Rear-end collision avoiding system of train

Abstract: The invention discloses a rear-end collision avoiding system of a train. The rear-end collision avoiding system is characterized by comprising a locomotive part and a track part, wherein the locomotive part module comprises a remote transmission radio station, a main control module and a speed sensor, which are mounted on a locomotive head, as well as a remote transmission radio station and a track number transmission module, which are mounted on a locomotive end. The track part comprises a group of roadside track transfer identifier nodes mounted on track sleepers, used for distinguishing a train running direction and reporting the train running direction to the main control module. According to the invention, in a rapid railway operation network with high density, the distance between trains on the same track can be automatically obtained and can be reported to a train operator; therefore, the working flow of the operator is simplified, the operator is assisted to obtain effective and correct information in time; the possibility that the trains come into rear-end collision is largely reduced; and the safety of railway traffic is improved.

후방추돌 시 목 상해 최적화 시트 개발을 위한 해석적 방법론 연구

Abstract: Recently, whiplash injury from rear end collision has been important in automotive industrial because There is no successful safety device for rear end collision, even though there are a lot of vehicle safety device for front end collision such as seat belt, air bag. But, vehicle industry tends not to develop safety device for rear end collision because of not only cost but also it"s effectiveness. Therefore, this research developed methodology using Finite Element Method (FEM) for optimization about vehicle seat for whiplash injury as future study. All kind of analysis result was correlated with test result in order to obtain proper optimization. Also, this paper suggested seven design parameters such as shapes of seat, material properties for optimization.