Showing papers on "Reference architecture published in 1988"
TL;DR: The concept of data-parallel computers is explained, and the architecture of the Connection Machine, which implements this approach, is described, and its applications to molecular dynamics, VLSI design and circuit simulation, and computer vision are described.
Abstract: The concept of data-parallel computers is explained, and their architecture of the Connection Machine (CM), which implements this approach, is described. It provides 64 K physical processing elements, millions of virtual processing elements with its virtual processor mechanism, and general-purpose, reconfigurable communications networks. The evolution of the CM architecture is examined, and the software environment, engineering and physical characteristics, and performance of the current embodiment (the CM-2) are discussed. Applications of the CM to molecular dynamics, VLSI design and circuit simulation, and computer vision are described. >
321 citations
TL;DR: The architecture of working memory is described, which assumes processing that occurs in a set of modules organized into levels and regions, and proposes a proposed context-storage module that associates the content of messages in the inner loop with the temporal context.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the architecture of working memory The term “architecture” is used in computer science as a systematic approach to the configuration of computational components to accomplish some information-processing tasks The architecture described in the chapter illustrates both the limitations and capacities of human information processing The chapter also discusses human phenomena that identify the qualitative features of human information processing and exhibit the qualitative features of the architecture of working memory The connectionist/control architecture assumes processing that occurs in a set of modules organized into levels and regions The regions communicate with each other on an inner loop of connections This loop allows information to be transferred among input, output, and other regions A new feature of this architecture is a proposed context-storage module that associates the content of messages in the inner loop with the temporal context The context storage system can reload modules after short-term information decays or is displaced In addition, it provides a means of achieving stable, robust processing under conditions of high workload
243 citations
25 May 1988
TL;DR: A multiparadigm expert-system architecture based on the inverse design concept is proposed, which connects symbolic and numerical computation and realizes the automation of the design process.
Abstract: The architecture consists of an inference engine, an analysis engine, a graphic engine, and a database management system. A multiparadigm expert-system architecture based on the inverse design concept is proposed. The iterative method for the solution of inverse problems, which is interpreted as a general design process, is implemented in a Prolog environment. This environment is used as a kernel of the architecture, which connects symbolic and numerical computation and realizes the automation of the design process. Functionally gradient material (FGM) design is considered as an example. >
40 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a modular architecture for a logical cell-controller is proposed where shopfloor level modules are incorporated in the cell control system so as to allow active co-operation for distributed decision making and control.
Abstract: The concept of distributed architectures for automated manufacturing systems is presented here. A modular architecture for a logical cell-controller is proposed where shopfloor level modules are incorporated in the cell control system so as to allow active co-operation for distributed decision making and control.
33 citations
Proceedings Article•
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: An architecture was developed from a synthesis of concepts derived from the literature and field observations to identify and integrate the total decision support (DSS) function in organizations.
Abstract: An architecture was developed from a synthesis of concepts derived from the literature and field observations to identify and integrate the total decision support (DSS) function in organizations. Four distinct types of decision support systems were identified (corporate planning systems; functional decision support systems; executive information systems; and local decision support systems) and were integrated within a framework that incorporated organizational level, system formality, and decision making mode. The architecture is used as a cohesive framework for discussing research and management issues for organization-wide DSS.
30 citations
22 Aug 1988
TL;DR: This architecture proposes a novel concept of distributed problem solving, which incorporates in a unitary framework the following key-points; large-grained heterogeneous agents, centralized knowledge-based control, and mixed event-driven and goal-driven operation.
Abstract: The paper presents a distributed multi-agent architecture for natural language processing. This architecture proposes a novel concept of distributed problem solving, which incorporates in a unitary framework the following key-points; large-grained heterogeneous agents, centralized knowledge-based control, and mixed event-driven and goal-driven operation. It provides, moreover, a flexible tool for the design of natural language processing systems, both motivated from the cognitive point of view and computationally effective and robust. The proposed architecture has been implemented in a fully running prototype system, and has been successfully applied in the domain of text understanding.
28 citations
01 Sep 1988
TL;DR: Some approaches to heterogeneous architectures are discussed, hardware and software issues are identified, and several built or proposed systems are analyzed.
Abstract: Various organization styles have been used in the architecture of supercomputers in order to achieve cost-effective performance and programmability. Traditionally, a particular organization style (e.g., vector pipeline processor, array processor, or multiprocessor) has been selected to satisfy the performance requirements of a class of applications, achieving usually a much lower performance in other applications. In addition, the mapping of ‘foreign’ algorithms to a single-style architecture may create great programming difficulties. Since each architecture style provides attractive cost-performance and programming features, the question of heterogeneity (i.e., combining of several architecture/design styles in a single system) deserves attention. In this paper we discuss some approaches to heterogeneous architectures, identify hardware and software issues, and analyze several built or proposed systems.
26 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: Overview history and methodology the core architecture the numerics architecture the protected architecture bus and external signals the implementation 80960 performance.
Abstract: Overview history and methodology the core architecture the numerics architecture the protected architecture bus and external signals the implementation 80960 performance.
TL;DR: Experimental results on the effectiveness of this processor as a program host are presented, using sets of large and small benchmarks, and several of the architectural and organizational innovations in MIPS are examined in light of this data.
Abstract: MIPS is a 32-bit processor architecture that has been implemented as an nMOS VLSI chip. The instruction set architecture is RISC-based. Close coupling with compilers and efficient use of the instruction set by compiled programs were goals of the architecture. The MIPS architecture requires that the software implement some constraints in the design that are normally considered part of the hardware implementation. This paper presents experimental results on the effectiveness of this processor as a program host. Using sets of large and small benchmarks, the instruction and operand usage patterns are examined both for optimized and unoptimized code. Several of the architectural and organizational innovations in MIPS, including software pipeline scheduling, multiple-operation instructions, and word-based addressing, are examined in light of this data.
Book•
07 Dec 1988
TL;DR: The Scope of Computer Architecture The Technologic Framework The Design Process UNIPROCESSORS: Register Machines I: The Outer Architecture Register Machines II: Inner Architecture and Microprogramming
Abstract: The Scope of Computer Architecture The Technologic Framework The Design Process UNIPROCESSORS: Register Machines I: The Outer Architecture Register Machines II: Inner Architecture and Microprogramming The Exploitation of Stacks Language-Directed Architectures: The 'RISC' Style Aspects of Memory Appendix A: ASCII Character Code Appendix B: EBDIC Character Code.
Book•
01 Jun 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors propose a blackboard control architecture for multiple-task planning, which enables AI systems to operate upon their own knowledge and behavior and to adapt to unanticipated problem-solving situations.
Abstract: The control problem—which of its potential actions should an AI system perform at each point in the problem-solving process?—is fundamental to all cognitive processes. This paper proposes eight behavioral goals for intelligent control and a ‘blackboard control architecture’ to achieve them. The architecture distinguishes domain and control problems, knowledge, and solutions. It enables AI systems to operate upon their own knowledge and behavior and to adapt to unanticipated problem-solving situations. The paper shows how opm , a blackboard control system for multiple-task planning, exploits these capabilities. It also shows how the architecture would replicate the control behavior of hearsay-ii and hasp . The paper contrasts the blackboard control architecture with three alternatives and shows how it continues an evolutionary progression of control architectures. The paper concludes with a summary of the blackboard control architecture's strengths and weaknesses.
01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the most challenging part of creating an effective software environment is not the creation of the software tools themselves, but rather the effective integration of those tools and presentation of their capabilities to the user.
Abstract: Abstract : The essential purpose of a software environment is to provide strong, complete and readily accessible support for such key software processes as development and maintenance. The basis of such support must be a diverse and powerful set of functional capabilities supplied by what has previously been referred to as "software tools". Increasingly, however, it is becoming clear that the most challenging part of creating an effective software environment is not the creation of the software tools themselves, but rather the effective integration of those tools and presentation of their capabilities to the user.
24 Apr 1988
TL;DR: Based on the analysis of the performance data, two crucial issued are addressed: the decision on how specific an architecture should be and which architecture styles should be chosen for particular applications.
Abstract: Previous work on computer architecture design for robotics is reviewed. Based on the analysis of the performance data, two crucial issued are addressed: the decision on how specific an architecture should be and which architecture styles should be chosen for particular applications. >
03 Nov 1988
TL;DR: It is shown that a software development environment can take advantage of a model of interaction based on an iconic representation of objects in order to provide a consistent, adaptable and extensible user interface.
Abstract: This paper presents a model of interaction based on an iconic representation of objects. An application of the model to an iconic shell for Unix™ is described. Finally a client server architecture for the implementation of the model is introduced. We show that a software development environment can take advantage of such a model and architecture in order to provide a consistent, adaptable and extensible user interface.
TL;DR: The role of Common Communications Support and the means for SAA users to access this support are discussed, and an overview of the functions and roles of various component architectures of Common communications Support, along with their interrelationships are provided.
Abstract: Application execution in a Systems Application Architecture (SAA) network depends on the underlying capability of the network to obtain reliable connectivity and orderly data exchange among its system components. The objectives of SAA are distributed applications, distributed processing, and distributed data, which are achieved through interconnected SAA systems supporting appropriate interfaces and architectures. The Common Communications Support of SAA affords this capability by utilizing a number of Systems Network Architecture communication architectures and international standards. These architectures provide useful data interchange within SAA components by providing services ranging from managing data links to specifying data streams for user applications. This paper discusses the role of Common Communications Support and the means for SAA users to access this support, and provides an overview of the functions and roles of various component architectures of Common Communications Support, along with their interrelationships.
28 Nov 1988
TL;DR: The design and initial implementation of a switching system software environment that can be used to study a variety of problems in software development, including the correct functional decomposition of user-level services, the appropriate distribution of control functions at different places in the network, and issues of reliability and robustness are described.
Abstract: Describes the design and initial implementation of a switching system software environment that can be used to study a variety of problems in software development. These problems include the correct functional decomposition of user-level services, the appropriate distribution of control functions at different places in the network, and issues of reliability and robustness. It is shown how the switching software environment is built using the IC* model of parallel computation. The design of the abstractions needed to implement call processing functions and switch resource management is emphasized. >
15 Jun 1988
TL;DR: The use of the blackboard architecture for the real-time control of a mobile robot is discussed and the potential and usefulness of this structured framework is examined.
Abstract: A flexible and powerful expert system framework, called blackboard architecture, is proposed for tackling real-time control problems. It is believed that this blackboard architecture can provide an environment for achieving intelligent control behaviours in AI systems. A brief description of the blackboard architecture is given. The potential and usefulness of this structured framework is examined. The use of the blackboard architecture for the real-time control of a mobile robot is discussed.
TL;DR: A role-playing game which is used as a vehicle for architecture students to learn about the options for and implications of computing in architecture offices is described.
Abstract: We describe a role-playing game which is used as a vehicle for architecture students to learn about the options for and implications of computing in architecture offices.
TL;DR: Arguments to support the idea that automated image-interpretation systems should be knowledge-based and interactive are presented and the main architectural problems which such systems must address are identified.
Abstract: We discuss hardware and software architecture for automated image-interpretation. The importance of considering the complete system is emphasized leading in particular to the conclusion that high-level and low-level processing are intimately linked. We present arguments to support the idea that automated image-interpretation systems should be knowledge-based and interactive. We attempt to identify the main architectural problems which such systems must address and outline a systematic strategy for acquiring, structuring and using knowledge.
27 Jun 1988
TL;DR: The author presents a proposal for an open layered architecture for dependability analysis, corresponding to the respective levels of abstraction to support structuring, reusability, and variability of methods and tools.
Abstract: The author presents a proposal for an open layered architecture for dependability analysis, corresponding to the respective levels of abstraction. The motivation for this reference architecture is to support structuring, reusability, and variability of methods and tools. Each of the seven layers is discussed in detail, and the correspondence with currently available tools for dependability analysis is shown by examples. To demonstrate the feasibility of the approach, the layered architecture is used as a basis for design and implementation of MARPLE, a tool for dependability analysis of distributed systems. MARPLE mainly concentrates on the application layer and the model-generation layer. It is embedded in a system-design environment and bridges the gap between the design tool and dependability analysis. >
03 Jan 1988
TL;DR: This paper describes an architecture for a user interface toolkit, describes the architectural model of user interface components or tools, and discusses the software engineering implications of the architecture.
Abstract: This paper describes an architecture for a user interface toolkit. It presents the proper layering of the software, describes the architectural model of user interface components or tools, and discusses the software engineering implications of the architecture. We also present a sample toolkit that was built using the presented architecture and that has been in use since 1985.
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01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: The method combines top-down and bottom-up styles, resulting in the definition of a so-called Reference Architecture (RA), an intermediate formalized description of the system under development which is less abstract than the top level user requirements, and more Abstract than the final implementation.
Abstract: A method for the development of concurrent and distributed systems is described. The method follows from a project (PANGLOSS) that aims at developing a high performance gateway. It emphasizes the use of a formal description technique (LOTOS) and a cyclic approach. In the cyclic approach, the design converges from an implementation with a very limited functionality in the first cycle, to a full-fledged implementation in the last cycle. The method combines top-down and bottom-up styles, resulting in the definition of a so-called Reference Architecture (RA). This key concept is an intermediate formalized description of the system under development which is less abstract than the top level user requirements, and more abstract than the final implementation. It is used as an interface between three simultaneously progressing task groups: an architecture task group, mainly involved in the definition of the problem, an implementation task group, more involved in the software/hardware development, and a performance analysis task group. which continuously assesses the performance of the system under development.
07 Jun 1988
TL;DR: The functional specification and the architecture of the MC3 chip are described, and it is shown how the validation of the whole defined architecture is carried out: by implementing a high-level simulation on a multi-Transputer-based machine and by logical simulation.
Abstract: The functional specification and the architecture of the MC3 chip are described. Specific advanced aspects of this work concern at first the main target: a novel application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) data communication circuit intended for the high-level ISO protocols network, transport, and session. Secondly, they concern the functional requirements of the target circuit: it must run each announced level or a subset of the 3 levels; with each hypothesis are given an upper bound for the number of authorized connections, and a lower bound for the corresponding throughput. Emphasis is placed on the definition of the MC3 chip architecture, its external interface and the embedded systems architecture in which the chip will operate. It is also shown how the validation of the whole defined architecture is carried out: by implementing a high-level simulation on a multi-Transputer-based machine and by logical simulation. >
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A plan for implementation of an integrated, distributed, architecture for support of intelligent network operations is described and Transition from a traditional operations architecture to the distribution one is demonstrated.
Abstract: A plan for implementation of an integrated, distributed, architecture for support of intelligent network operations is described. The functional components are presented as generic building blocks, which can be combined in various ways to implement various services or specific network operations. The architecture permits flexible service offerings, allows enhanced service providers to access the local network, and allows a greater level of customer control. Transition from a traditional operations architecture to the distribution one is demonstrated. >
27 Mar 1988
TL;DR: The authors detail the system architecture of a communications processor that uses an existing distributed message switching data communications network as the transport medium for the Arinc Transaction Terminal Service (ATTS) application.
Abstract: The authors detail the system architecture of a communications processor that uses an existing distributed message switching data communications network as the transport medium for the Arinc Transaction Terminal Service (ATTS) application. Salient features of a powerful communications controller board are described and the organization of the software is outlined to show how the hardware/operating system dependence is minimized to enhance software portability. >