Showing papers on "Saline water published in 1968"
95 citations
TL;DR: Sheep, which had access to a solution containing 1·3% sodium chloride as their sole source of drinking water for 6 months or more, were infused with a hypertonic solution of sodium chloride, and their ability to tolerate this salt load was compared with that of a similar group of sheep which drank only rain water.
Abstract: 1. Sheep, which had access to a solution containing 1.3% sodium chloride as their sole source of drinking water for 6 months or more, were infused with a hypertonic solution (10%) of sodium chloride, and their ability to tolerate this salt load was compared with that of a similar group of sheep which drank only rain water.2. The sheep which drank the rain water were often affected by the infusion and exhibited signs resembling potassium deficit. No such signs were apparent in the animals which consumed saline water.3. Glomerular filtration rates were increased in all sheep by the hypertonic saline infusion, the increases being greater in the sheep which were maintained on the saline water. Effective renal plasma flow rates, though extremely variable, behaved in a similar manner.4. Plasma values for sodium and chloride were increased in all sheep, but remained at a higher level for a longer period in the sheep which consumed rain water. The diuresis produced by hypertonic saline appeared to persist for a longer period in the sheep which drank rain water, while the excretion of sodium and chloride tended to be greater in the sheep maintained on saline water.5. Plasma potassium was reduced in all sheep and urinary excretion of potassium increased. The latter response was more pronounced in the sheep which drank the rain water.6. Filtered loads of sodium, chloride and potassium were greater in the sheep which were accustomed to drinking saline water. However, the amounts of potassium excreted were greater than those filtered in the rain water sheep and less than those filtered in the sheep which drank saline water. It therefore seems that secretion of potassium into the kidney tubules predominated in the former group and reabsorption prevailed in the latter.7. Reabsorption of free water in excess of solute was greater in the kidney tubules of the sheep which drank saline water.8. Increased blood volume and greater dilution of plasma proteins occurred in the sheep which drank rain water.
27 citations
19 citations
TL;DR: In the western Baltic relations between salinity and the composition of the bacterial flora could be found and the great fluctuations in salinity of the Kieler Bucht may cause corresponding changes of theacterial population, particularly if water of low salinity from the central Baltic overlies more saline water from the Belt Sea.
Abstract: OBSERVATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF SALINITY FLUCTUATIONS ON THE BACTERIAL FLORA OF THE WESTERN BALTIC In the western Baltic relations between salinity and the composition of the bacterial flora could be found. In waters of low salinity there are more bacteria which only grow on brackish and freshwater media than in waters of high salinity. In consequence the great fluctuations in salinity of the Kieler Bucht may cause corresponding changes of the bacterial population, particularly if water of low salinity from the central Baltic overlies more saline water from the Belt Sea.
18 citations
TL;DR: The results of the study revealed the existence of a fresh water wedge (chloride content varying from 20 to 300 ppm) separated by two saline water zones, one near the top and the other at the bottom of the aquifer.
Abstract: Synopsis Between 1963 and 1965, sinking of anger boreholes and testing of quality of groundwater at different depths along Digha coast provided the principal basis for defining the distribution and movement of the saline and fresh groundwater within a phreatic aquifer (7–9 metres in thickness) consisting of fine to coarse grained sand with occasional soft clay lenses of Recent age. The auger holes were sunk along 10 selected lines in an area of about 25 sq.km. extending from 3 km east of Digha on the east to the confluence of the Subarnarekha river with the Bay of Bengal on the west. The results of the study revealed the existence of a fresh water wedge (chloride content varying from 20 to 300 ppm) separated by two saline water zones, one near the top and the other at the bottom of the aquifer. Isochlor of 500 ppm and 2.3 chloride-bicarbonate ratio delineated the saline groundwater body. The 300 and 500 ppm isochlors defined the zone of diffusion which had a variable shape and thickness depending on sever...
15 citations
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, experiments were carried out on the Adriatic coast of Puglia, on sandy-calciferous soil, and the results showed that the soil was sandy and calciferous.
Abstract: This paper refers to experiments which were carried out on the Adriatic coast of Puglia, on sandy-calciferous soil.
8 citations
Patent•
25 Mar 1968TL;DR: For extracting fresh water from saline water, a hot, high-pressure gaseous stream is injected into an evaporation chamber from which the vapor-gas mixture generated therein is withdrawn from the upper portion, and from a lower portion precipitated salts and mineral constituents are withdrawn in a solid, liquid and/or concentrated dissolved form as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: For extracting fresh water from saline water, saline water is injected into a hot, high-pressure gaseous stream directed into an evaporation chamber from which the vapor-gas mixture generated therein is withdrawn from the upper portion, and from a lower portion precipitated salts and mineral constituents are withdrawn in a solid, liquid and/or concentrated dissolved form. The vaporgas mixture is engine-expanded in at least one stage and a fresh water condensate is extracted therefrom by cooling.
8 citations
Patent•
15 Jan 1968
TL;DR: In the production of fresh water, ICE CRYSTALS are separated from SALINE WATER in one chamber and passed over to another form of melting to provide fresh water as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: IN THE PRODUCTION OF FRESH WATER FORM SALINE WATER, ICE CRYSTALS FORMED BY BOILING A VOLATILE REFRIGERANT IN THE SALINE WATER, ARE SEPARATED FROM SALINE WATER IN ONE CHAMBER AND PASSED OVER TO ANOTHER FORM MELTING TO PROVIDE THE FRESH WATER.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the half-life of Nepton R-selective membranes at room temperature to 180°F was investigated and the authors concluded that the life-time in the field will be determined by factors other than thermal decomposition.
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: The evergrowing food requirements make necessary the utilization of new lands, previously abandoned or little utilized by man because of their unfavourable conditions or because use was made, in those areas of scarce atmospheric precipitation or lack of perennial water, of more or less saline water.
Abstract: The ever-growing food requirements make necessary the utilization of new lands, previously abandoned or little utilized by man because of their unfavourable conditions or because use was made, in those areas of scarce atmospheric precipitation or lack of perennial water, of more or less saline water
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: The main purpose of these experiments was to obtain an experimental answer to our ecological observations that highly permeable soils, particularly sand and gravel, greatly enhance the salt tolerance of plants in general.
Abstract: The main purpose of these experiments was to obtain an experimental answer to our ecological observations that highly permeable soils, particularly sand and gravel, greatly enhance the salt tolerance of plants in general. After the successful growth of about 200 species, mostly non-halophytes, in the Desert Garden of Eilath planted in 1949 (E. Boyko, 1952, Boyko & Boyko, 1968) our experiments tried to answer the following questions:
1.
It is possible to grow plants on sand or gravel by irrigation with sea-water, and which are the concentration limits for different species?
2.
Is there any salt accumulation in the root layer, and is there any danger of such a salt accumulation in deep layers of highly permeable soils, like sand?
3.
What is the growing behaviour of those plant species with which the experiments were made?
TL;DR: A pot trial to assess the effect of salt water on growth and yield of rice in the Northern Territory of Australia was conducted in 1962-63 and saline water in the establishment phase followed by fresh water and drainage, reduced soil conductivity.
Abstract: A pot trial to assess the effect of salt water on growth and yield of rice in the Northern Territory of Australia was conducted in 1962-63. Two varieties were irrigated with three levels of salinity for varied durations in either the establishment or reproductive phases. Plant emergence was significantly depressed by soil conductivities in excess of 4 m-mhos/cm at 25¦C. The restricted use of up to 3000 p.p.m. total soluble salts from 10 days after emergence and of up to 6000 p.p.m. from 20 days after emergence, followed by fresh water, had no effect on flowering time, vegetative or grain yields. The application of 3000 and 6000 p.p.m. total soluble salts in the reproductive phase reduced mean panicle number and grain yield of both varieties and straw yield of one variety. Use of saline water in the establishment phase followed by fresh water and drainage, reduced soil conductivity. In the reproductive phase it nullified the effect of previous fresh water flushing and tended to increase soil conductivity above original levels.
01 Jan 1968
Patent•
15 Jan 1968
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe a method and an approach for the production of fresh water from saline water, where the SALINE WATER passes along an extended path and a VOLATILE LIQUID this articleRIGERANT is injected into the water on one side of the container.
Abstract: A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FRESH WATER FROM SALINE WATER WHEREIN THE SALINE WATER PASSES ALONG AN EXTENDED PATH DURING WHICH A VOLATILE LIQUID REFRIGERANT IS INJECTED INTO THE WATER ON ONE SIDE OF THE CONTAINER ONLY AND CAUSING BOILING OF THE REFRIGERANT WHICH CREATES A TURBULENT FLOW ABOUT THE BAFFLES THUS DEFINING A HELICAL FLOW PATH FOR THE SALINE WATER, THE SALINE WATER FORMING A SLURRY OF ICE CRYSTALS FOR SUBSEQUENT REMOVAL AND MELTING.
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an always increasing scarcity of water of satisfactory quality (what we call fresh water), not only for domestic and industrial needs, but also for agriculture.
Abstract: Humanity is facing an always increasing scarcity of water of satisfactory quality (what we call fresh water), not only for domestic and industrial needs, but also for agriculture.13