Showing papers on "Secondary research published in 2006"
Book•
16 Oct 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an evidence-based approach to quantitative and qualitative research for nursing practice, and provide a critical assessment of qualitative and quantitative research for the purpose of improving clinical outcomes.
Abstract: * Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice* Introduction to Quantitative Research* Introduction to the Qualitative Research Process* Examining Ethics in Nursing Research* Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses* Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review* Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks* Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs* Examining Populations and Samples in Research* Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research* Understanding Statistics in Research* Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice* Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice* Introduction to Outcomes Research Glossary Index
541 citations
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: Much work remains to be done before mixed research synthesis can secure its place in the repertoires of mixed methods research and systematic review, but the effort is well worth it as it has the potential to enhance both the significance and utility for practice of the many qualitative and quantitative studies constituting shared domains of research.
Abstract: Mixed research synthesis is the latest addition to the repertoires of mixed methods research and systematic review. Mixed research synthesis requires that the problems generated by the methodological diversity within and between qualitative and quantitative studies be resolved. Three basic research designs accommodate this diversity, including the segregated, integrated, and contingent designs. Much work remains to be done before mixed research synthesis can secure its place in the repertoires of mixed methods research and systematic review, but the effort is well worth it as it has the potential to enhance both the significance and utility for practice of the many qualitative and quantitative studies constituting shared domains of research.
378 citations
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: Social research is an activity that is undertaken to find an answer or explanation regarding a particular social phenomenon It involves systematic collection of data about such a social phenomenon for the purpose of finding and or understanding patterns and regularities in it Social science departments in most universities require some of their final year students to undertake a small piece of social research, commonly referred to as a research project, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a degree.
Abstract: Social research is an activity that is undertaken to find an answer or explanation regarding a particular social phenomenon It involves systematic collection of data about such a social phenomenon for the purpose of finding and or understanding patterns and regularities in it Social science departments in most universities require some of their final year students to undertake a small piece of social research, commonly referred to as a ‘research project’ in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of a degree A social research project is normally small in scale and is intended to gauge the student’s ability to convert social research knowledge (acquired in class) into social research skills Depending on how the student performs in the research project, the department will know whether the student is competent to undertake independent research in the future or to work with little supervision as a research assistant To the majority of social scientists the idea of a research project is that it is something that is ‘original’ and for which ‘new data’ must be collected To this end the social survey method, sometimes supplemented by in-depth interviews and participant observation, is selected as the method of choice, and very few social scientists ever think of re-analysing existing data sets (Hakim 1982)
319 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the methodological aspects of case study as a research strategy and examine case study research in tourism, concluding that the prevalent arguments of case studies as conceptually and analytically weak is not justified.
188 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors support the UK Public Sector Food Procurement Initiative by working with leading contract caterers to develop principles of sustainable food procurement and key performance indicators to measure progress in putting them into practice.
Abstract: Purpose – The research (funded by the Esmee Fairbairn Foundation) aims to support the UK Public Sector Food Procurement Initiative by working with leading contract caterers to develop principles of sustainable food procurement and key performance indicators to measure progress in putting them into practice.Design/methodology/approach – Initial informal discussions with catering contractors confirmed the need for the research and explored ideas as to how to take it forward. Extensive secondary research then informed the development of nine draft principles of sustainable food procurement. These were further refined following review by individual companies. An expert panel was then convened for final drafting and to reach consensus.Research limitations/implications – The research provides operating principles that can be used to inform procurement practice. However changing organisational practice, particularly in large organizations, is challenging and will take time. The researchers have produced a guide ...
95 citations
TL;DR: A qualitative research synthesis of findings pertaining to stigma in HIV-positive women into a script and DVD was transformed, bringing together the norms and imperatives of scientific research, clinical practice, and artistic presentation.
Abstract: Although qualitative research synthesis has secured a place in the evidence-based practice movement, little effort has as yet been directed toward translating the results into material form for practice. The authors transformed a qualitative research synthesis of findings pertaining to stigma in HIV-positive women into a script and DVD. The process of transformation entailed bringing together the norms and imperatives of scientific research, clinical practice, and artistic presentation.
87 citations
TL;DR: Two major implications emerge from this analysis: (a) agency-university partnerships to identify the data to support evidence-based practice, and (b) staff training that features problem-based learning approaches to support the introduction and utilization of evidence- based practice.
Abstract: Evidence-based practice integrates individual practitioner expertise with the best available evidence while also considering the values and expectations of clients. Research can be categorized into two broad areas: primary (experiments, clinical trials, and surveys) and secondary research (overviews of major studies, practice guidelines, and decision and economic analyses). One of the major challenges to incorporating research evidence into organizational life is the absence of an evidence-based organizational culture within human service agencies. This article identifies multiple strategies and case examples for creating such an organizational culture. Three major implications emerge from this analysis: (a) agency-university partnerships to identify the data to support evidence-based practice, (b) staff training (in the agencies and on campuses) that features problem-based learning approaches to support the introduction and utilization of evidence-based practice, and (c) the modification of agen...
73 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of how to select a research problem and how to find solutions to social problems in the field of written research using social theory and experimental design.
Abstract: Preface Chapter 1: Introduction A Avenues of Knowledge B Uses and purposes of research C Evaluating Written Research: Titles Chapter 2: Research Process and Considerations A Social Theory and Ideology B Theory and Its Parts C Levels of Theory D The Link between Theory and Research E The Research Process: An Overview F Ethical Issues G Evaluating Research: Topic selection and abstracts H Evaluating Written Research: Ethics Chapter 3: Getting Started A Selecting a research problem B Hypotheses and Causality C Study Validity D Bringing it Together: A Summary of Hypotheses, Causality and Validity E Time dimensions F Units of Analysis Chapter 4: Measurement A Conceptualization and operationalization B Measurement C Evaluating Written Research: Operationalization and Measurement Chapter 5: Sampling A Why Sample B Sampling terms C Probability Sampling Techniques D Non-probability sampling E When to use what F Sample Size G Evaluating written research: Samples Chapter 6: Experiments A Appropriate research questions B Language of Experimental research C Types of Experimental Design D Issues Involving Experiments E Interpreting Experimental Results F Advantages and Disadvantages of Experiments G Evaluating Written Research: Experiments Chapter 7: Survey Research A Appropriate topics for survey research B General Survey Construction C Types of Surveys D Issues in Survey Research E Evaluating Written Research: Surveys Chapter 8: Field Research A Appropriate Research Topics B Steps for Doing Field Research C Advantages and Disadvantages of Field Research D Issues in Field Research E Evaluating Written Research: Field Research Chapter 9: Unobtrusive Measures A Content Analysis B Secondary Analysis and Agency Data C Agency Data D Ethical Considerations for Unobtrusive Research E Evaluation of Written Research: Content Analysis and Agency Data Chapter 10: Evaluation Research A Using Social Research to Find Solutions to Social Problems B Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches to Evaluation Research C Types of Evaluation Research D Steps in Conducting Evaluation Research E Social Context of Evaluation Research F Grants and Proposal Writing G Evaluating Written Research: Evaluation Research Chapter 11: Qualitative Research Analysis A Quantitative vs Qualitative Research B Getting Started C The Method of Analysis D Presenting Qualitative Findings E Assessing Data and Analysis Quality F Evaluating Written Research: Qualitative Findings Chapter 12: Quantitative Research Analysis A Data Entry B Data Manipulation C Basic Data Analysis D Data Presentation E Cautions When Using Statistics
60 citations
Book•
31 Mar 2006
TL;DR: Lauer, An Education Primer as discussed by the authors discusses the purpose of education research, scientific criteria in educational research, and types of educational research in terms of Experimental and Descriptive Research.
Abstract: Lauer, An Education Primer CONTENTS Preface 1. The Purpose of Educational Research 2. Scientific Criteria in Educational Research 3. The Types of Educational Research 4. Understanding Experimental and Descriptive Research 5. Understanding Data Collection Approaches 6. Issues in Evaluating Education Research 7. Evaluating Experimental Research Studies 8. Evaluating Descriptive Research Studies 9. Evaluating Literature Reviews 10. Assessing the Relevance of Research Studies Appendices A. Tips on Reading Research Reports B. Glossary of Education Research Terms C. Finding Education Research D. Research Statistics Tutorial References
48 citations
TL;DR: DNA identification testing was used to identify the victims of the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York on September 11, 2001, and of the Victims of the Tsunami that hit Asia on December 26, 2004.
Abstract: This paper addresses the ethical issues of secondary uses of samples collected for identification purposes following mass disasters. It studies norms governing secondary use of samples (general/deceased/vulnerable), ultimately concluding that limited secondary research uses of these samples should be permissible.
18 citations
Book•
14 Nov 2006
TL;DR: This chapter discusses market and social research, using research to inform business decisions, and developing your career in market research through professional associations for the profession.
Abstract: Section 1 Introduction to market research 1. Why do I need research? Introducing market and social research Introduction What is 'market research'? Using research to inform business decisions Who carries out research? Conducting research ethically Summary 2 What do I need to know? Defining research objectives Introduction The first steps What is the problem? From problem to objectives Finding resources for the research project Creating the research brief Summary 3 How am I going to do it? Selecting a research design Introduction Defining information needs Creating the right research design Beginning the research proposal Summary 4 How can I gather the information? Identifying different research methods Introduction Gathering secondary data Gathering data for primary research Choosing the best research method Summary Section 2 Designing a research project: the tools of market research 5 Who should I talk to? Understanding how sampling works Introduction What is a 'research sample'? Identifying an appropriate sample Choosing the right sampling method Creating a good sampling plan Summary 6 Where can I find the data I need? Using quantitative research methods Introduction Interviewing in market research Collecting data using interviews Collecting data using self-completion questionnaires Collecting data using observation Summary 7 How can I find out what people feel about issues? Using qualitative research methods Introduction What is qualitative data, and why do we need it? Moderating and conducting depth interviews Discussion group or depth interview - which is more useful? Tools and techniques for depth interviewers and moderators Collecting qualitative data using observation Summary 8 What questions should I ask? Designing the questionnaire Introduction Getting the best information Some common problems with questionnaires, and how to avoid them Summary Section 3 Completing a market research project 9. How do I know what it all means? Analysing research data Introduction Organizing quantitative data Analysing quantitative data Interpreting the data Analysing qualitative data Summary 10 What do I do with the information? Reporting and communicating research findings Introduction Identifying the links between the findings and the problem Helping the client to make sense of the findings Structuring an effective research report Adding value with your presentation Summary 11 Where do I go from here? Developing your career in market research Introduction Professional associations for the profession Career opportunities in research Getting started in market research Summary
TL;DR: Pavalko et al. as discussed by the authors described an attempt to replicate the Kluwin and Stinson (1993) longitudinal study of the effects of mainstreaming deaf high school students by using the National Educational Longitudinal Study data set.
Abstract: Secondary research or archival research is the analysis of data collected by another person or agency. It offers several advantages, including reduced cost, a less time-consuming research process, and access to larger populations and thus greater generalizability. At the same time, it offers several limitations, including the fact that the original design of the study may not be adaptable to the purposes of the archival researcher. This paper describes an attempt to replicate the Kluwin and Stinson (1993) longitudinal study of the effects of mainstreaming deaf high school students by using the National Educational Longitudinal Study data set. The authors report several limitations to the secondary analysis of this kind of public data, including the need for better definitions of handicapping conditions in these large-scale studies, the inclusion of larger numbers of low-incidence handicaps, and the need for variables of use to researchers in specific handicaps. Secondary research, or as it is sometimes called, archival research, is the analysis of data collected by another person or agency (Pavalko & Clipp, 1993; Stewart & Kamins, 1993). Library research-to use an old term-used to mean going through the stacks of a library and finding information from others. This was considered a form of secondary research because the raw data was not accessible to the reader. Before the advent of computerized databases, it was only possible to do analyses of extant information by digging through physical collections in newspaper archives or museums if one wanted to look at original material without actually collecting it. This was generally referred to as archival research because someone else had to establish and maintain the archive. With the advent of computerized databases in a wide range of forms, it became possible to look at original material-sometimes raw data-in a new or interesting way. Why Collect Data if It Is Already There? There are at least three good reasons to make use of existing information (Pavalko & Clipp, 1993; Stewart & Kamins, 1993): * Cost-effectiveness * Economy of time * Access to larger populations and thus greater generalizability There are several categories of cost in the data collection process. Generally the greatest part of a research project is devoted to planning and executing the data collection. The advantage of using already available data sets is that the data collection and recording costs have already been done. The effort required in secondary analysis of existing data sets is to restructure the data for analysis and to do the analysis. Because the data already exists, much time is saved in collecting it. What Is Available for Secondary Analysis? Federal Sources Beginning with the establishment of the Library of Congress and Thomas Jefferson's sending Lewis and Clark out to map the recently acquired Louisiana Purchase, the federal government has been collecting useful information. The two most clearly useful websites are the Department of Education (www.ed.gov) and the Census Bureau (www.censcus.gov). The Department of Education website is both a source of specific information as well as a portal to other sites. The Census Bureau website is useful because it provides, down to the county level, a number of statistics that either represent contextual information for understanding how a school district operates or contain variables that can be used to adjust for between-county differences in assessing school district performance. Other useful sources of information about children and educational outcomes can be found for the Administration for Children and Families (www.acf.dhhs.gov), the Department of Health and Human Services (www.os.dhhs.gov), and the Federal Interagency Forum on Child and Family Statistics (www.childstats.gov). University Resources Less accessible because they are neither required by law, nor specifically funded, nor advertised well, are university data sources such as those supplied at the moment by Michigan State University in conjunction with the Department of Education. …
01 Nov 2006
TL;DR: An extensive consultation is reported with members of the UK research methods community into the perceived needs for research into research methods for social sciences, grouped by topic.
Abstract: An extensive consultation is reported with members of the UK research methods community, broadly conceived, into the perceived needs for research into research methods for social sciences. Research needs identified are the following, grouped by topic; the first four were particularly prominent in the consultation:
TL;DR: In this article, the authors map out three dominant forms of research that have been undertaken in the field of computers and composition: theoretical, case studies, and limited quantitative, and identify a multimodal approach that has begun to appear.
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, a focus-group thinking out was conducted in order to analyze the psycho-social influences of a large dismissal, as a consequence of the industrial restructuring programmes in Brasov, as well as the impact of the applied intervention measures.
Abstract: According to the given data, admittedly, there are two main types of market research: Quantitative Research (questionnaire surveys) and Qualitative Research. Qualitative Research implies getting answers from a small number of respondents and the results of qualitative nature: ideas, perceptions, attitudes, associated values, preferences, suggestions. The Qualitative Research is conducted in the initial phase of studying one issue. The main purpose of Qualitative Research is to define the nature of the issue and to cater qualitative Information. For this paper work, the subject is a Qualitative Research (a focus-group) thinking out, a research where we were moderators. The research was conducted in order to oversee and to analyze the psycho-social influences of a large dismissal, as a consequence of the industrial restructuring programmes in Brasov, as well as the impact of the applied intervention measures. The research was conducted in December 2005.
01 Jan 2006
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, Manzoor et al. presented a comprehensive study of morphometric variation of 52 species of the genus Odontotermes from Bangladesh, Burma, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore and Sri Lanka and concluded that Islam never teaches or encourages violence, terrorism and hatred.
Abstract: The incidents of global terrorism in the last decade of the past century earned the notoriety of being a faith of violence and terrorism for Islam. This is owing to the fact that most of the perpetrators happen to be Muslims. Ironically not only Western scholars but the Muslims themselves portray that in Islam it is allowed to kill non-combatants and as an ayah in the Qur'an irhab (terrorism) so dictates. This study is an attempt to explore these pertinent questions from the divine sources. In this regard commentaries of the Qur'an from Ibn Abbas of first century to Sayyid Qutub of fourteenth century hijra and the sayings of Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW) have been consulted to glean the meanings of ayah al-Irhâb and to analyze it in the context of contemporary understanding of terrorism. The study concludes that Islam never teaches or encourages violence, terrorism and hatred. The holistic understanding of Islam reflects peace, piety, righteousness, cooperation in virtue, respect for human dignity and justice. Book title : Morphometric Studies on the Termite Genus Odontotermes Author : Dr. Farkhanda Manzoor Category : Monograph Level : Postgraduate Discipline : Biological Sciences ISBN : 969-417-102-4 Abstract: This is the first thorough study of morphometric variation of 52 species of the genus Odontotermes from Bangladesh, Burma, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore and Sri Lanka. In all 52 species, measurements of 10 parameters were taken and statistically analyzed. The morphometric analysis presented in this book will provide a standard of comparison for specimens from different localities of the range of distribution of that species and other species of the genus Odontotermes. Besides, camera photographs of the specimens have been presented to show variations in morphological attributes of various species. This is the first thorough study of morphometric variation of 52 species of the genus Odontotermes from Bangladesh, Burma, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore and Sri Lanka. In all 52 species, measurements of 10 parameters were taken and statistically analyzed. The morphometric analysis presented in this book will provide a standard of comparison for specimens from different localities of the range of distribution of that species and other species of the genus Odontotermes. Besides, camera photographs of the specimens have been presented to show variations in morphological attributes of various species. Book title : Contemporary Research on Allelopathy in Asia Editor : Prof. Dr. Rukhsana Bajwa Category : Monograph Level : Postgraduate Discipline : Biological Sciences ISBN : 969-417-103-2 Abstract: Allelopathy, the chemical mechanism of plant interference is characterized by a reduction in plant emergence or growth, reducing their performance in the association. The term allelopathy was coined by Molish in 1937 to refer to the reciprocal suffering in two organisms. The term has since appeared commonly in literature to plant/plant biochemical interactions that cause detrimental effects, and it has now been recognized as an important ecological factor in plant interactions. The importance of allelopathy in nature and in agro ecosystem has attracted researchers' attention with the main goal of using the phenomenon in biological control of weeds. Currently, active involvement of scientists from different disciplines has made allelopathy a multidisciplinary subject with changing trend from basic to applied research, enabling use of allelopathy in agriculture and forestry. In fact much information and published documents are now available on different aspects of Allelopathy. However, the information is scattered in many books, journals and annual reports. The book provides updated and consolidated information on the topic. The formatting of the book is an enhanced version of general bibliography books. The provision of complete reference data including abstracts, contact of the author/s, organizations, institutes are the special features that are likely to be more useful for working scientists, in general, and Asia, in particular, in the field of Allelopathy/Weed/Pest Management. Allelopathy, the chemical mechanism of plant interference is characterized by a reduction in plant emergence or growth, reducing their performance in the association. The term allelopathy was coined by Molish in 1937 to refer to the reciprocal suffering in two organisms. The term has since appeared commonly in literature to plant/plant biochemical interactions that cause detrimental effects, and it has now been recognized as an important ecological factor in plant interactions. The importance of allelopathy in nature and in agro ecosystem has attracted researchers' attention with the main goal of using the phenomenon in biological control of weeds. Currently, active involvement of scientists from different disciplines has made allelopathy a multidisciplinary subject with changing trend from basic to applied research, enabling use of allelopathy in agriculture and forestry. In fact much information and published documents are now available on different aspects of Allelopathy. However, the information is scattered in many books, journals and annual reports. The book provides updated and consolidated information on the topic. The formatting of the book is an enhanced version of general bibliography books. The provision of complete reference data including abstracts, contact of the author/s, organizations, institutes are the special features that are likely to be more useful for working scientists, in general, and Asia, in particular, in the field of Allelopathy/Weed/Pest Management.
01 Jul 2006
TL;DR: The authors provide a critical analysis of the current legal and institutional framework in Quebec with respect to the secondary use of biological samples in research, and access to data gathered in the course of medical care.
Abstract: Biological materials are routinely collected during medical care, and information collected with these materials may also be retained. The value of biological samples and related data in research raises a number of questions about how to define conditions for access to materials or information that will protect the dignity and privacy of patients. The authors provide a critical analysis of the current legal and institutional framework in Quebec with respect to the secondary use of biological samples in research, and access to data gathered in the course of medical care.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A Quebec-based research collective is reported on, a process aimed at rapidly synthesizing results from ongoing or recently completed research and releasing them to decision-makers, and a number of benefits are claimed, including enhanced timeliness of results and more in-depth understanding of the impact of contextual environments on research results.
Dissertation•
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors suggest ideas for an e-fundraising software product launch in the Greater Vancouver area based on detailed primary and secondary research conducted by the authors of this paper.
Abstract: The widespread use of software tools in all aspects of life and work has now spread to the world of fundraising as well. In the last few years there has been a proliferation of software packages for raising funds and these tools have grown in sophistication with each passing year. This paper suggests ideas for an e-fundraising software product launch in the Greater Vancouver area. Marketing recommendations for the new software tool are suggested based on detailed primary and secondary research conducted by the authors of this paper. An industry analysis has also been done to reach the conclusions of this paper. Due to the limited scope of the market survey conducted for the specific purpose of this paper, further market research should be conducted before the official product launch.
Posted Content•
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this paper, the attitude of managers to the market position of independent companies in comparison to the companies that are members of groups of companies in Croatia was analyzed and compared with their attitudes toward current and future internal market trends with respect to the number and the value of transactions conducted within Croatian groups.
Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the attitude of managers to the market position of independent companies in comparison to the companies that are members of groups of companies in Croatia. In addition, research included an analysis of their attitudes toward current and future internal market trends with respect to the number and the value of transactions conducted within Croatian groups of companies. Methodology: Relevant secondary and primary dana was used in the research. In secondary research, relevant scientific and professional literature was analyzed. Primary research was done by using a questionnaire on an intentional sample of experts, including 127 managers working for groups of companies in Croatia. Findings: Two main hypotheses were tested: H1 – The internal market of Croatian groups of companies, measured by the number of transactions, will grow in the future; H2 – The internal market of Croatian groups of companies, measured by transaction value, will grow in the future. Both hypotheses were accepted. Implications: Research results imply a further strengthening of the financial and economic importance of groups of companies in Croatia, and a weakening of the companies that are not members of such groups. This implies a tendency toward certain monopoly development in some economic sectors. The development and continuous growth of the internal market compels countries to implement control and regulatory practices with regard to the use of transfer pricing, a path Croatia will have to follow.