Showing papers on "Sodium chlorate published in 2019"

Selective Hydrogen Evolution on Manganese Oxide Coated Electrodes : New Cathodes for Sodium Chlorate Production

Abstract: The safety and feasibility of industrial electrochemical production of sodium chlorate, an important chemical in the pulp and paper industry, depend on the selectivity of the electrode processes. T ...

Secondary Nucleation of Sodium Chlorate: The Role of Initial Breeding

Abstract: Secondary nucleation is the key mechanism behind the creation of new crystals in industrial crystallization processes. Sodium chlorate has widely been used throughout literature as a model compound...

Suppressed oxygen evolution during chlorate formation from hypochlorite in the presence of chromium(VI)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Chromium(VI) is a crucial electrolyte component in industrial chlorate production. Due to its toxicity, iturgently needs to be abandoned and its functions fulfilled by new solutions. In ...

Densities and Viscosities for Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Chlorate and Potassium Chlorate + Methanol from (288.15 to 318.15) K at 0.1 MPa

Abstract: In this work, we present densities and viscosities of aqueous solutions of sodium and potassium chlorate from (288.15 to 318.15) K at molalities from (0.1 to 1) and (0.01 to 0.5) for the aqueous so...

Pulsed Laser-Induced Nucleation of Sodium Chlorate at High Energy Densities

Abstract: We report on a study of laser-induced nucleation (LIN) of sodium chlorate in supersaturated aqueous solutions using focused nanosecond laser pulses at high energy densities (420 kJ cm–2). On irradiation with a single laser pulse, optical breakdown was observed in the form of a luminous plasma, and numerous microbubbles were produced. On the basis of the observations, we estimate the energy threshold for optical breakdown in the solutions to be 70 J cm–2. Remarkably, even at high energy densities, single laser pulses produced on average only one or two crystals. The mean number of crystals obtained was 1.5 (532 nm) and 1.8 (1064 nm) per sample (3 cm3). The effect of left circularly polarized (LCP) and right circularly polarized (RCP) light on the nucleation of dextrorotatory (d) versus levorotatory (l) enantiomorphs of cubic (phase I) sodium chlorate crystals was investigated. No significant correlation between the helicity of circular polarization and the chirality of enantiomorph was observed. The result...

Study on the removal of NO from flue gas by wet scrubbing using NaClO3

Abstract: In order to remove nitric oxide (NO) from flue gas, from small coal-fired boilers, it is necessary to exploit the cost-effective wet denitration tech­nology. The absorption of NO with sodium chlorate solution was stu­died. The effects of experimental conditions, such as temperature, NaClO 3 con­centration, type of acid, mole ratio of NaClO 3 to hydrogen ions, on NO rem­oval rate were investigated, and the optimal conditions were established. As the effect of temperature on denitration was related to the type of acid used, the temperature required for sulfuric acid was high, and the temperature required for nitric acid was low. The optimal mole ratio between NaClO 3 and the two types of acids was the same. The reaction products were analyzed by ion chromatography. The reacted solution could be recycled after the removal of sodium chloride. The reaction mechanism and the total chemical reaction equation of NaClO 3 denitration were deduced. The thermodynamic derivations showed that this oxidation reaction could proceed spontaneously and the reaction was very thor­ough. NaClO 3 exhibited high NO removal efficiency and its denitration cost was much lower than sodium chlorite.

Chlorination process of 2,4-dinitroaniline

Abstract: The invention discloses a chlorination process of 2,4-dinitroaniline, which comprises the following specific steps: adding lignosulfonate into 2,4-dinitroaniline, and putting the mixture into water tosuspend in water; adding hydrochloric acid into a stirring barrel, simultaneously adding 2,4-dinitroaniline suspension and sodium chlorate into the stirring barrel for a reaction to expel excessive chlorine, adding sodium bisulfate into reactants to decompose residual chlorine, and filtering the liquid, washing the reaction product to be neutral, and drying the reaction product to obtain the 2,4-dinitroaniline.

Preparation method and applications of polymerization ferric chloride

Abstract: The invention discloses a preparation method of polymerization ferric chloride. The preparation method comprises following steps: excess iron blocks are added into A hydrochloric acid so as to obtaina ferrous chloride solution, a sodium chlorate solution is added with stirring, B hydrochloric acid is added, an obtained mixture is stored at room temperature for aging, sodium phosphate is added asa stabilizing agent so as to obtain polymerization ferric chloride. The beneficial effects are that: the preparation method is simple; and the obtained polymerization ferric chloride can be used for effective processing of sewage.

Technology for treating metallurgical industrial wastewater by using sodium chlorate-ion exchange resin

Abstract: The invention discloses a technology for treating metallurgical industrial wastewater by using sodium chlorate-ion exchange resin. The technology is used for recycling and treating P507 raffinate, andsequentially includes the following steps of pretreatment, sodium chlorate reaction and ion exchange resin treatment. Pretreatment includes the steps of oil removal and PH adjustment. The technologyhas the advantages of being low in treatment cost, capable of achieving continuous production and simple process conditions, and the heavy metal content and COD in the treated wastewater can achieve up-to-standard discharge.

Leaching molybdenum from a low-grade roasted molybdenite concentrate

Abstract: A technique for leaching molybdenum from low-grade roasted molybdenite concentrate was proposed by the aqueous solution containing sodium chlorate and sodium carbonate. The effect of molar ratio of sodium chlorate to molybdenum, leaching time, liquid–solid ratio, leaching temperature, sodium carbonate concentration and agitating speed on leaching rate of molybdenum was studied. The experimental results showed that the temperature and concentration of sodium carbonate are key factors to influence the leaching efficiency of molybdenum, and leaching rate achieves above 98% when the molar ratio of sodium chlorate to molybdenum is up 13.5, the temperature is 343.15 K, the agitating speed is 500 rpm, the liquid–solid ratio is 10:1 and the concentration of sodium carbonate is above 10 g/L. The leaching process was mainly controlled by chemical reaction and mass transfer. The leaching time is shorter and the heavy metal content in leaching aqueous solution is lower in basicity than those in acid situations.

PSV-41 Antibacterial activity of ferulic acid and sodium chlorate against Escherichia coli F18 and K88 during incubations with porcine fecal bacteria

Abstract: The influence of ferulic acid (FA) and sodium chlorate (SC) was evaluated in two trials on the growth of Escherichia coli F18 and K88 (F18 and K88) incubated with porcine fecal bacteria. Treatments were 2 levels of FA (0 and 5 mg/mL) and 2 levels of SC (0 and 10 mM/mL). In trial one, ½-strength Mueller Hinton broth mixed with porcine feces (0.5% w/v) was inoculated with a novobiocin and naladixic acid resistant F18-strain. This fecal suspension was transferred to tubes (3/treatment) and anaerobically incubated at 39 oC for enumeration at 0, 6 and 24 h using MacConkey agar supplemented with novobiocin and naladixic acid with aerobic incubation at 37 oC. An interaction (FA x SC) at 6 and 24 h was observed (P < 0.01). At 6 h of incubation, SC alone or combined with FA had the lowest counts (P < 0.05); FA alone was lower than control but higher than SC or SC+FA (P < 0.05). At 24 h, FA alone or combined with SC had the lowest counts (P < 0.05); SC was lower than control but higher than FA or SC+FA (P < 0.05). In trial 2 were used the same procedures of trial 1, except that K88 was used. There was an interaction at 6 h (P < 0.01) where the lowest counts were in FA+SC (P < 0.05). SC alone or FA alone were lower than control but higher than SC+FA (P < 0.05). There was no interaction at 24 h (P = 0.16), where FA reduced the K88 counts (P < 0.01), however it was not affected by SC (P = 0.12). In conclusion, SC reduced E. coli counts; however, at 24 h of incubation greater reductions were observed when FA alone or combined with SC was added into the incubation fluid with porcine feces.

Chlorine dioxide solution used for sewage treatment as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract: The invention relates to chlorine dioxide solution used for sewage treatment as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the chlorine dioxide solution used for sewage treatment comprises the following steps: mixing sodium chlorate and purified water and stirring the mixture until sodium chlorate is completely dissolved, so as to form sodium chlorate solution;adding an acid reducing agent into the sodium chlorate solution and performing a reaction at normal temperature for 20-30 min; adding a catalyst, sodium chloride and an alkaline sodium compound intothe mixture, uniformly stirring the mixture and performing a reaction at normal temperature for 4-6h, so as to obtain chlorine dioxide solution, wherein the preparation method comprises the followingraw materials by weight percentage: 0.8%-5% of sodium chlorate, 0.5%-3% of the acid reducing agent, 0.3%-2% of the catalyst, 0.1%-0.5% of sodium chloride, 0.1%-8.7% of the alkaline sodium compound and80.8%-95% of the purified water. According to the preparation method of the chlorine dioxide solution used for sewage treatment, the obtained chlorine dioxide solution is neutral; in addition, the preparation method is simple in process and easy in operation.

Deplating liquid for removing copper nickel plating layer and application method thereof

Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of chemical deplating, and provides deplating liquid for removing a copper nickel plating layer and an application method of the deplating liquid. The deplating liquid comprises an oxidizing agent, sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid and water. The oxidizing agent comprises sodium hypochlorite or sodium chlorate. When the oxidizing agent is the sodium hypochlorite, the mass concentration of the sodium hypochlorite in the deplating liquid is larger than or equal to 3.0%. When the oxidizing agent is the sodium chlorate, the concentration of the sodiumchlorate in the deplating liquid is larger than or equal to 10 g/L. The concentration of the sodium chloride in the deplating liquid ranges from 60 g/L to 100 g/L, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid in the deplating liquid ranges from 1 mol/L to 1.6 mol/L. The result shows that the deplating liquid can rapidly and effectively remove the copper nickel plating layer. In addition, after the deplating liquid is reused, electrolytic treatment is conducted, a sodium hypochlorite solution or a sodium chlorate solution is obtained and returns to the deplating process, and deplating treatment can continue.

Nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary precursor, manufacturing method and application thereof

Abstract: The invention provides a nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary precursor, a manufacturing method and an application thereof. The method comprises the following steps of configuring a mixed salt solution containing nickel salt, cobalt salt and manganese salt according to a molar ratio of nickel, cobalt and manganese metal ions of 5: 2: 3; adding sodium chlorate and stirring uniformly to obtain a first mixed solution; and under a condition of passing a protective gas, adding an obtained first mixed solution, a sodium hydroxide solution and an ammonia water solution in a cocurrent flow mode to a reaction kettle with an ultrasonic device, maintaining a temperature to be at 50 to 60 DEG C, stirring at a speed of 500-850r/min till that a reaction is finished, obtaining a precipitate after aging and solid-liquid separation, and washing and drying the obtained precipitate so as to obtain a Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3 (OH) 2 precursor powder. The obtained precursor powder has a hexagonal shape nano-sheet structure and a specific surface area is 5.2-5.7 m /g. An obtained anode material has good electrochemical performance.

Method for preparing ruthenium trichloride from ruthenium-containing waste

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing ruthenium trichloride from ruthenium-containing waste. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) roasting: enabling the ruthenium-containing waste to be roasted, wherein roasting temperature is 200-800 DEG C, and roasting time is 4-8h; (2) preparation of RuO4: enabling the roasted ruthenium-containing waste to be added into a reaction kettle, then adding sodium chlorate, liquid bromine and water, stirring to react in a condition of 60-100 DEG C, and reacting for 1.5-5h, wherein the proportion of the ruthenium-containing quantity of the ruthenium-containing waste to the sodium chlorate to the liquid bromine to the water is 100 to (150-550) to (2-6) to (300-800) in parts by ewight; (3) preparation of an H2RuCl5 ;absorbing RuO4 generated via reaction in the step (2) by adopting hydrochloric acid at normal temperature to obtain the H2RuCl5 solution; and (4): drying: enabling the generated H2RuCl5 solution to be heated and concentrated to crystallize, and then carrying out infrared drying to obtain a hydrated ruthenium trichloride crystal. The method has the characteristics of fast reaction rate, high conversion rate, good safety, low energy consumption and the like.

Testing method of content of sodium chlorate in sodium hydroxide solution

Abstract: The invention relates to a testing method of the content of sodium chlorate in a sodium hydroxide solution, and belongs to the field of chemical analysis. The problems that as for an existing testingmethod, a qualified standard curve cannot be drawn, and the accuracy degree of the testing result is low are solved. According to the technical scheme, the testing method of the content of the sodiumchlorate in the sodium hydroxide solution is provided and comprises the following steps: a, a sodium hydroxide solution sample is taken to be added with a color developing agent, namely o-tolicline; b, hydrochloric acid is dropwise added at 0-10 DEG C till the pH is equal to 6-8, then hydrochloric acid is quickly added till the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution is greater than or equal to 6 mol/l, during quick adding, the temperature is kept at 20 DEG C or below, the solution is evenly shaken and subjected to still standing for color developing, and the absorbancy is tested; and c, according to the absorbancy testing result, the content of the sodium chlorate in the sodium hydroxide solution sample is calculated. According to the testing method, the standard curve can be drawnwell, the testing result is stable, and the accuracy degree is high.

Environment-friendly efficient double-liquid type acid etching solution

Abstract: The invention discloses an environment-friendly efficient double-liquid type acid etching solution which is prepared from the following components by weight ratio: 190-200 g/L of sodium chlorate, 120-150 g/L of sodium chloride, 30-50 g/L of ammonium chloride, less than 0.1 percent of additive and water, wherein the additive belongs to an organic compound, is easily soluble in water and is preparedinto a solution for use. The environment-friendly efficient double-liquid type acid etching solution has the beneficial effects that the etching speed of the double-liquid type acid etching solutionis increased by near 30 percent, and the double-liquid type acid etching solution can thoroughly meet the production demands on printing a circuit board with high accuracy and high density.

Low temperature NO oxidant and preparation method thereof

Abstract: The invention belongs to the technical field of a nitric oxide oxidant and particularly relates to a low temperature NO oxidant and a preparation method thereof. The low temperature NO oxidant solvesthe problem that the existing NO oxidant has poor oxidation effects and low oxidative denitration efficiency at a low temperature and a low NO concentration. The low temperature NO oxidant comprises at least two of sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, sodium chlorate and sodium perchlorate. The invention also provides a preparation method of the low temperature NO oxidant. The preparation methodcomprises: weighing at least two of sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, sodium chlorate and sodium perchlorate according to a weight ratio, dissolving the ingredients in water to obtain a solution and adjusting pH to 2-9 so that the low temperature NO oxidant is obtained. The low temperature NO oxidant has strong oxidizing ability to NO, a fast rate of reaction with low concentration of NO, highoxidation efficiency and a low cost. The preparation method has fast processes, is easy to operate and is suitable for promote.

Environment-friendly etching solution not containing ammonia nitrogen and etching method

Abstract: An environment-friendly etching solution not containing ammonia nitrogen comprises, by mass, 0.5-12.0 parts of sodium chlorate, 2.0-20.0 parts of sodium chloride, 1.0-12.0 parts of potassium iodide, and 0.8-5.0 parts of plant extract, 0.1-2.0 parts of complexing agent, 1.5 -8.0 parts of hydrogen peroxide and 0.5-1.8 parts of corrosion inhibitor. The ingredients not containing ammonia nitrogen areadopted to conduct etching treatment on a PCB, the etching treatment of the PCB can be rapidly and accurately completed, and a circuit pattern higher in precision can be obtained; meanwhile, by the adoption of the ingredients better in oxidation property, rapid etching of the PCB can be achieved; especially, plant extracts are added, so that the environmental friendliness of the etching solution is further improved; in addition, by the adoption of the complexing agent and the corrosion inhibitor, it is avoided that the etching solution excessively corrodes the PCB, and the etching accuracy isimproved. In addition, the invention further provides an etching method.

Method for preparing basic polyaluminum chloride

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for preparing basic polyaluminum chloride and particularly relates to the field of polyaluminum chloride. The method comprises the following steps: (1) sequentially adding 60-80 parts of ammonia-free distilled water and 15-20 parts of hydrochloric acid into a closed reaction vessel, heating the temperature of the reactants to 50 DEG C to 60 DEG C, and then, stirring the reactants for 30 to 40 minutes in a constant-temperature environment, so as to obtain a hydrochloric solution; (2) slowly adding 20-30 parts of sodium chlorate into the hydrochloric solution, heating the temperature of the reactants to 40 DEG C to 50 DEG C, and then, carrying out magnetic stirring for 50 to 60 minutes, so as to obtain a sodium chlorate solution after a temperature of the solution is cooled to room temperature; and (3) adding the sodium chlorate solution into the closed reaction kettle. According to the method, a concentration of the solution is controlled in a certain range through staged heating and pressurizing operations on the solution by utilizing staged temperature controlling and staged liquid concentration controlling methods, the concentration of a concentrated solution is effectively controlled, the possibility of crystallization is reduced, the occurrence of crystallization is avoided, and the efficiency and yield rate of product production are increased.

Stable chlorine dioxide effervescent and preparation method thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses a stable chlorine dioxide effervescent and a preparation method thereof. The stable chlorine dioxide effervescent is prepared by mixing sodium chlorate, anhydrous sodium bisulfite, anhydrous sodium bisulfate, anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous copper sulfate and anhydrous sodium carbonate according to a mass ratio of (5-20):(3-8):(5-12):(25-40):(1-3):1. The preparation method comprises the following steps: a, uniformly mixing the sodium chlorate, anhydrous sodium sulfate and anhydrous sodium carbonate according to a corresponding mass ratio, and carrying out vacuum drying at 45-60 DEG C for 6-12 h to obtain a material A; b, uniformly mixing the anhydrous sodium bisulfite, anhydrous sodium bisulfate and anhydrous copper sulfate according to a corresponding mass ratio, and performing vacuum drying at 45-60 DEG C for 6-12 h to obtain a material B; and c, fully and uniformly mixing the material A prepared in step a with the material B prepared in step b in a powdermixer, performing seal packaging, and storing the obtained product in a dry and shady environment. The effective content of chlorine dioxide in the product is 8-12%, and the chlorine dioxide effervescent provided by the invention is safe and stable, has no decomposition or explosion risks, and has a long sterilization and disinfection duration and a high killing rate.

Chlorine dioxide releaser, and preparation method thereof

Abstract: The invention discloses a chlorine dioxide releaser, and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method is mainly used for solving problems in the prior art that chlorine dioxide conversion rateis low, and sterilization effect is influenced because of the unstable chemical properties of sodium chlorate and/or sodium chlorite in using processing. The chlorine dioxide releaser comprises sodium chlorate and/or sodium chlorite, an activation factor, a stabilizing agent, and water; the activation factor is active manganese ion; the stabilizing agent is composed of at least one component selected from sodium borate, sodium perborate, sodium silicate, and sodium carbonate. The chlorine dioxide releaser is stable in chemical properties, is convenient to use, and is capable of increasing chlorine dioxide conversion rate to 90%, and in practical application process, obvious improvement on bacterium residue content in water and medicine consumption is achieved.

Preparation method of sodium chlorate

Abstract: The invention belongs to the field of chemical industry, and particularly relates to a preparation method of sodium chlorate. The preparation method of sodium chlorate comprises the following steps: firstly dissolving sodium chloride into water to obtain a saturated sodium chloride solution, then carrying out filtering, carrying out diluting, and carrying out electrolyzing to obtain a crude sodiumchlorate solution; adding an ionic chelating agent into the crude sodium chlorate solution, carrying out standing, and carrying out centrifuging to obtain a purified sodium chlorate solution A; adding a hydrochloric acid solution, and removing bromine, chlorate radicals and free chlorine in a bromine removal tower to obtain a purified sodium chlorate solution B; adding sodium hydroxide for neutralizing, carrying out concentrating to obtain a concentrated sodium chlorate solution, finally adding an anti-caking agent, and carrying out crystallizing to obtain sodium chlorate. According to the method, the ionic chelating agent is added in the process of preparing sodium chlorate to remove metal ions in the solution, so that purity of the obtained sodium chlorate is higher; the efficient anti-caking agent is added, so that the defect that sodium chlorate is easily caked in a placing process is overcome, and quality of the sodium chlorate is remarkably improved; and ultrasonic concentrationis adopted, so that energy is saved.

Method for preparing high-purity chlorine dioxide through combined reduction of methanol and hydrogen peroxide

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for preparing high-purity chlorine dioxide through combined reduction of methanol and hydrogen peroxide. The method comprises the following steps: injecting concentrated sulfuric acid and a sodium chlorate solution into a generator to form a reaction mother solution; maintaining certain acidity, temperature and sodium chlorate content of the reaction mother solution, adding a reducing agent composed of methanol and hydrogen peroxide, reacting to generate chlorine dioxide gas and a byproduct neutral mirabilite, cooling the chlorine dioxide gas, absorbing the same with low-temperature chilled water to obtain a chlorine dioxide water solution, and recovering the byproduct. Compared with chlorine dioxide produced by adopting a single methanol reducing agent, the chlorine dioxide solution produced by adopting the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the Cl2 content is reduced by 60-70%, the sulfuric acid consumption is reduced by 14-20%,the generated byproduct is neutral mirabilite, and acidic mirabilite neutralization treatment is not needed.