Showing papers on "Sodium propionate published in 2020"

The Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Sodium Propionate.

Abstract: The major end-products of dietary fiber fermentation by gut microbiota are the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which have been shown to modulate host metabolism via effects on metabolic pathways at different tissue sites. Several studies showed the inhibitory effects of sodium propionate (SP) on nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. We carried out an in vitro model of inflammation on the J774-A1 cell line, by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and H2O2, followed by the pre-treatment with SP at 0.1, 1 mM and 10 mM. To evaluate the effect on acute inflammation and superoxide anion-induced pain, we performed a model of carrageenan (CAR)-induced rat paw inflammation and intraplantar injection of KO2 where rats received SP orally (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg). SP decreased in concentration-dependent-manner the expression of cicloxigenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) following LPS stimulation. SP was able to enhance anti-oxidant enzyme production such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) following H2O2 stimulation. In in vivo models, SP (30 and 100 mg/kg) reduced paw inflammation and tissue damage after CAR and KO2 injection. Our results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of SP; therefore, we propose that SP may be an effective strategy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Intravenous administration of sodium propionate induces antidepressant or prodepressant effect in a dose dependent manner.

Abstract: Propionate has been reported to exert antidepressant effects, but high-dose propionate may induce autism-like symptoms in experimental animals through induction of dysbiosis of neurotransmitters. The bi-directional effects of propionate seem to be dose-dependent. However, due to the pathological discrepancies between depression and autism, conclusions drawn from autism may not be simply transferable to depression. The effect and underlying action mechanisms of high-dose propionate on depression remains undetermined. To investigate the effects of propionate on depression, propionate dose gradients were intravenously administrated to rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 1 week. Results of these behavioral tests demonstrate that low-dose propionate (2 mg/kg body weight/day) induces antidepressant effect through bodyweight recovery, elevated reward-seeking behaviors, and reduced depression-like behaviors, while high-dose propionate (200 mg/kg body weight/day) induces prodepressant effects opposite of those of low-dose propionate. A comprehensive profiling of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus demonstrated that CUMS induces reduction of NE (Norepinephrine), DA (Dopamine). GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) was recovered by low-dose propionate, while high-dose propionate exerted more complicated effects on neurotransmitters, including reduction of NE, DA, 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Tryptophan, and increase of GABA, Kynurenine, Homovanillic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3-methoxytyramine. The neurotransmitters disturbed by high-dose propionate suggest metabolic disorders in the hippocampus, which were confirmed by the clear group separation in PCA of metabolomic profiling. The results of this study demonstrate the double-edged dose-dependent effects of propionate on depression and suggest potential cumulative toxicity of propionate as a food additive to mood disorders.

The Chelating Mineral on Organic Acid Salts Modulates the Dynamics and Richness of the Intestinal Microbiota of a Silver Catfish Rhamdia quelen

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the chelating mineral on propionic acid, calcium or sodium on the composition, dynamics and richness of the intestinal microbiota of a native silver catfish Rhamdia quelen through high-throughput sequencing (HTS). A total of 225 fish (8.43 ± 0.18 g) were distributed in tanks, 15 fish per tank in five groups with three replicates each: Control, Ca-propionate 0.25% (Ca0.25%) Ca-propionate 1% (Ca1%), Na-propionate 0.25% (Na0.25%) and Na-propionate 1% (Na1%). The feed was provided four times a day for 60 days. After experimental period, the fish were fasted for 24 h and the intestine was aseptically collected, pooled by treatment, and fixed in pure absolute ethanol for subsequent DNA extraction and HTS. The HTS showed that the supplementation of the propionic acid chelated to the mineral calcium or sodium in the different concentrations increased the operational taxonomic units and richness in comparison to control group. The main phyla found were Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroides. Both the fusobacteria and the genus Cetobacterium, especially C. somerae, were positively modulated with Ca0.25% and Na1% supplementation. It can be emphasized that supplementation with calcium or sodium propionate at different concentrations changed the natural microbiota of R. quelen.

Influence of medium components and pH on the production of odd-carbon fatty acids by Aurantiochytrium sp. SA-96

Abstract: Odd-carbon fatty acids have been utilized for anaplerotic therapy for lifestyle-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes. We examined the culture condition of Aurantiochytrium for the production of pentadecanoic acid (C15) as an odd-carbon fatty acid, and demonstrated a produce method for odd-carbon fatty acid–enriched triglyceride. To determine the optimum conditions for C15 production, selection of effective components and their respective concentrations in the culture medium, choice of the suitable Aurantiochytrium strain, and determination of the optimum culture pH were performed. The optimum conditions for the production of C15 were found to be as follows: Strain: Aurantiochytrium sp. strain SA-96 Medium composition: 0.2% yeast extract 0.5% monosodium glutamate, 1.0% sea salt, 50 mM L-Val, 25 mM sodium propionate, 3.6% glucose, and 10% soy milk whey. Culture system: Airlift culture vessels (5.0 L) and pH controller were used. Sodium hydroxide (1.0 M) solution was used for pH adjustment. Other parameters were as follows: medium volume, 3.0 L; air supply, 1.2 vvm; temperature, 23.5–26.6 °C; pH, 7.40–7.74; culture period, 72 h. The yield of odd-carbon fatty acids (C15, 85% of odd FA) was 1.04 g L−1. Preparation of odd-carbon fatty acid–enriched triglyceride: Triglyceride was isolated from the extracted lipids from cultured cells and treated with ozone/hydrogen peroxide. By removing of carboxylic acid containing triglyceride, the odd-carbon fatty acid and C15 contents of the resultant triglyceride reached to 72.3 and 60.7%, respectively.

Effects of a Multicomponent Herbal Extract on the Course of Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cows – a Blinded Placebo-controlled Field-study

Abstract: A blinded placebo-controlled multi-center on-farm trial was conducted in dairy cows with subclinical ketosis to investigate effects of a multicomponent herbal extract. Blood ketone levels were measured weekly in early lactating cows from 16 Swiss herds. Cows were subclassified based on their initial blood-β-hydroxybutyrate levels (≥ 1.0 [KET-low, 84 cows] and > 1.2 mmol/L [KET-high, 39 cows]) and randomly distributed to 3 groups treated orally with herbal extract containing Camellia sinensis, Cichcorium intybus, Gentiana lutea, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Taraxacum officinale, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Zingiber officinale, sodium propionate, or placebo twice a day for 5 days. Milk yield, milk acetone, blood-β-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were analyzed over 2 wk. Linear mixed effect models were used for data analysis. No effects were found for nonesterifed fatty acids, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and glucose. Significantly higher glutamate dehydrogenase (29.71 U/L) values were found in herbal extract-treated animals compared to sodium propionate on day 7 (22.33 U/L). By trend, higher blood-β-hydroxybutyrate levels (1.36 mmol/L) were found in the placebo group of KET-high-cows on day 14 compared to the sodium propionate group (0.91 mmol/L). Milk yields of all treatment groups increased. Milking time and treatment showed a significant interaction for milk acetone: sodium propionate led to an immediate decrease, whereas herbal extracts resulted in a milk acetone decrease from day 7 on, reaching significantly lower milk acetone on day 14 (3.17 mg/L) when compared to placebo (4.89 mg/L). In conclusion, herbal extracts and sodium propionate are both likely to improve subclinical ketosis in dairy cows, however, by different modes of action.

Formula of single-crystal silicon texturing additive containing polysaccharide and alcohol

Abstract: The invention relates to an additive of a single-crystal silicon texturing liquid. The components of the additive are a polysaccharide, an alcohol, an organic acid sodium salt, sodium silicate and deionized water, wherein the polysaccharide is one or a mixture of more of water-soluble chitin, polyfructose, water-soluble starch, beta-cyclodextrin, and dextrin, and a weight ratio of the polysaccharide to water is 0.1-1.0:100; the alcohol is a lower alcohol, and is one or a mixture of more of n-propanol, 1,2-propanediol, n-butanol, 1,2-butanediol and tert-butanol, and a weight ratio of the alcohol to water is 1.0-3.0:100; the organic acid sodium salt is one or a mixture of more of sodium acetate, sodium formate, sodium propionate, sodium benzoate, and sodium phenylacetate, and a weight ratioof the organic aicd sodium salt to water is 0.1-1.0:100; and a weight ratio of sodium silicate to water is 0.1-1.0:100. A formula of a single-crystal silicon surface texturing agent is as follows: 30.0-50.0 mL of a NaOH solution with a concentration of 30% by weight is added into 1 L of deionized water, and 8.0-18.0 mL of the additive is added.

Influence of Sodium Acetate, Sodium Propionate and their Combination on Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Profile of Broiler Starters

Abstract: In a 21-day feeding trial, the effects of sodium acetate, sodium propionate and their combination on nutrient digestibility and blood profile of broiler starter was investigated. Two hundred and forty one-day old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly distributed into five treatments with six replicates of eight birds each in a completely randomised design. Treatment 1 was a basal diet with no supplement while treatment 2 comprised of 0.01% oxytetracycline. Treatments 3 and 4 had 0.4% sodium acetate and 0.4% sodium propionate respectively while treatment 5 contained 0.4% sodium acetate + 0.4% sodium propionate. At day 21, 5mL of blood sample was collected from 2 birds per replicate for haematological and serum biochemical analyses. On day 16, two birds per replicate were housed individually in metabolic cages and allowed to acclimatize for three days. On days 19 to 21, excreta samples were collected, weighed, pooled on replicate basis and dried for nutrient digestibility assay. Ether extract digestibility coefficients of birds fed antibiotic and sodium propionate diets differ significantly but were similar to birds on the other treatment groups. Significantly lower (P˂0.05) packed cell volume was observed in birds fed sodium acetate compared with those on other diets. Haemoglobin concentration on birds on sodium acetate was similar to those fed combination of sodium acetate + sodium propionate. Significantly (P˂0.05) higher red blood cells were observed in birds on sodium acetate supplemented diet. Lymphocytes counts of birds on basal diet and antibiotic diet were higher than birds fed sodium acetate diet and sodium acetate + sodium propionate supplemented diet. Albumin concentration of birds on sodium acetate and sodium propionate diets were identical with birds fed other dietary treatments. Phosphorus concentration in birds on basal, antibiotic or sodium acetate supplemented diets were significantly (P˂0.05) lower than birds on the other treatments. Alanine amino transferase concentration was high in birds fed sodium acetate + sodium propionate diet compared to birds on other diets. It can be concluded that sodium acetate and sodium propionate can be considered as viable alternatives to antibiotics in broiler starter diets in terms of improved blood metabolites. Keywords: Organic salts, Nutrient digestibility coefficient, Blood constituents, Broiler chicken