Showing papers on "Sodium sulfate published in 1975"

Incorporation of sodium, chloride and sulfate with calcium carbonate

Abstract: Calcite and/or aragonite were formed from calcium bicarbonate solutions containing sodium sulfate, sodium chloride and magnesium chloride of various concentrations. Sodium, chloride and sulfate contents of synthetic calcite or aragonite were measured. Sodium and chloride ions are incorporated into aragonitic calcium carbonate more easily than into calcitic calcium carbonate, although sodium and chloride ions in the parent solution favor the formation of calcitic calcium carbonate. On the other hand, sulfate ions are incorporated into calcitic calcium carbonate more easily than into aragonitic calcium carbonate, although sulfate ions in the parent solution favor the formation of aragonitic calcium carbonate. Sodium content of aragonite, which is precipitated from calcium bicarbonate solution containing sodium sulfate, sodium chloride and magnesium chloride, exhibits a maximum value together with sulfate content of aragonite.

Thixotropic mixture and method of making same

Abstract: A mixture for the storage of heat energy utilizing a heat of fusion material includes sodium sulfate decahydrate, borax as a nucleating agent, and hydrous magnesium aluminum silicate (attapulgus clay) as a homogenizing agent. This composition maintains the salt-hydrate in suspension during repeated heating and cooling cycles. A method is also disclosed for preparing the mixture which includes the steps of mixing water with the attapulgus clay, adding a nucleating agent to the initial mixture, and mixing the initial mixture, including the nucleating agent, with a heat of fusion material such as sodium sulfate decahydrate.

Particulate peroxygen compounds coated with sodium sesquicarbonate or Na2 SO4 mNa2 CO3

Abstract: Particulate peroxygen compounds selected from alkali metal percarbonates, perpyrophosphates, pertripolyphosphates and peroxymonosulphates are stabilized by coating the particles with a mixed salt selected from sesquicarbonate having the formula Na 2 CO 3 .NaHCO 3 .2H 2 O and mixed compounds obtained by crystallization of sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate of formula Na 2 SO 4 .nNa 2 CO 3 where n is a number from 0.3 to 3.

Effect of molybdate on sulfide production from methionine and sulfate by ruminal microorganisms of sheep.

Abstract: Purified diets containing sodium sulfate and DL-methionine as sole dietary sources of sulfur were fed to fistulated sheep. The effect of dietary sodium molybdate (50 ppm Mo) on the capacity of the rumen microorganisms to produce sulfide from either sulfate or methionine was assayed in the two sulfur diets. Dietary molybdenum significantly inhibited the production of sulfide from sulfate but enhanced significantly the production of sulfide from methionine. The inhibitory effect of molyb denum on sulfide production in vitro and the number of sulfide-producing bacteria present in the rumen of these sheep are discussed in considering the mechanism of the molybdate effect on sulfide production. J. Nutr. 105: 1199-1205, 1975.

Process of coating calcium sulfate dihydrate detergent filler particles

Abstract: Sodium sulfate, the compound commonly used as a filler in detergent compositions, is in short supply, and a suitable substitute for use in detergent compositions is calcium sulfate dihydrate coated with a substantially water-insoluble calcium salt selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, calcium sulfite, calcium orthophosphate, hydroxyapatite and a calcium salt of an alkanoic acid having about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms

Activated percompound bleaching compositions

Abstract: An activated percompound bleaching composition comprises a bleaching percompound, such as sodium perborate tetrahydrate, an activator for such percompound, such as 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine and a molecular sieve zeolite, such as hydrated type 4A synthetic molecular sieve zeolite. In a preferred embodiment of the invention a mixture of the described activator and diacetyl dimethylglyoxime activator is employed and inorganic builder, salts such as sodium carbonate and sodium silicate, are present, together with inorganic filler salt, such as sodium sulfate. Also within the invention are detergent compositions containing the mentioned bleaching composition components with a synthetic organic detergent, such as sodium higher linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. Methods of bleaching and washing and bleaching with the described compositions are disclosed.

Zur Wechselwirkung von Polyanionen mit Pigmenten

Abstract: The interaction ofγ-Al2O3 and polyanions of different classes of substances was investigated by means of adsorption and measurements of the electrokinetic potential. Whereas the isotherm (pH 7, 25 °C) of sodium sulfate is of theLangmuir type those of sodiumtripolyphosphate, mellitic acid, ethanehydroxy-1. 1-dip hosphonic acid, phosphonoacetic acid, α-phosphonopropionic acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid are of the high affinity type. Some polyanions attack the alumina surface strongly through the formation of soluble Al-complexes. Because of this effect the scale of equilibrium concentration is shifted towards the origin, and consequently the slope of the isotherm is affected in a complicated fashion. Therefore, it is impossible to calculate the affinity between anions and solid surface from the rise of the isotherms. On the other hand a ratio of surface coverage and molecular cross section derived from the values of saturation enables to establish a sequence of affinities. Adsorption is strongly pH-dependent. A significant decrease is observed with increasing pH. Adsorption is increased with increasing temperature. Since adsorption enthalpies of alumina in the solutions of the polyanions are about those in pure water, entropy should control the adsorption process. The IEP of the solid is about 9. A very small shift of IEP is observed in the presence of sodium sulfate whereas those of the polyanions cause a strong one in the direction towards lower pH (pH < 2). In addition a significant increase of pH is observed when the solid is dispersed in the solutions of polyanions. All data indicate that chemisorption of the investigated polyanions at the alumina surface occurs whereas for sulfate physisorption probably takes place.

Stable sodium sulfate-hydrogen peroxide-sodium chloride adduct and process for preparing same

Abstract: An adduct having the formula: 4Na 2 SO 4 . 2H 2 O 2 . NaCl, is prepared by reacting sodium sulfate with hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution, in the presence of sodium chloride in the reaction system.

Method for manufacture of micaceous α-iron oxide

Abstract: Ferric sulfate obtained by the oxidation of ferrous sulfate or ferric sulfate available in its original state is added to an alkali hydroxide at a ratio such that the amount of said alkali hydroxide will be in excess of its stoichiometric proportion, so as to form a pasty substance Then, this pasty substance is subjected to a hydrothermal treatment From the resultant product of the treatment, there are obtained micaceous α-iron oxide crystals and aqueous solutions of sodium sulfate and alkali hydroxide

Water softening materials

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing a water softening composition which comprises the steps of: (a) applying to finely divided solid carrier particles of an inorganic material selected, e.g., from the group consisting of aluminosilicates having an Al 2 O 3 content of from 1 to 75% by mole, kieselguhr, a silicic acid composition containing 67 mole % of SiO 2 , 1 mole % of Al 2 O 3 and 278 mole % of H 2 O, a silica gel containing 12.24% of SiO 2 , 7.35% of N 2 SO 4 , 0.41% of Na 2 O and 80% of H 2 O, aluminum oxide, alumina hydrate, bentonite and sodium sulfate, a solution of sodium aluminate having a concentration of from about 0.2% to 25% by weight and a molar ratio Na 2 O/Al 2 O 3 of from about 0.3 to 47, in an amount which is sufficient to coat the particles with an outside layer of sodium aluminate amounting from about 0.5 to about 50% by weight of the particles; and, (b) drying the coated particles at a temperature of from about 20° to 120° C. to a residual moisture content of from about 5% to 30% by weight. Also disclosed are the resulting water softening compositions and method of using same.

Method for preventing eutectic caking of sodium chloride at high temperatures

Abstract: A body of particles of sodium chloride (1) initially containing sodium sulfate and/or sodium carbonate, and/or (2) exposed to compounds capable of reacting in situ with the sodium chloride and/or with each other to form sodium sulfate and/or sodium carbonate, is maintained free from caking at temperatures within the range of from about 610° C to at least about 700° C by maintaining such a body substantially free from sodium sulfate and/or sodium carbonate. One or more compounds, at least one of which contains calcium ion, are provided in the system to react with any sodium sulfate and sodium carbonate present in the system initially, and with any compounds in the system which would otherwise react to form sodium sulfate and/or sodium carbonate. One aspect of this invention enables the operation of a fluidized bed reactor at more efficient operating temperatures than previously attainable in the incineration of organic matter contained in an aqueous sodium chloride brine over a bed of sodium chloride fluidized by gases from the combustion of sulfur-containing fossil fuels and fuel oils.

Binder for alumina containing refractories

Abstract: A refractory composition is disclosed herein comprising an alumina-containing refractory mix and a phosphoric acid type binder. The binder contains sodium sulfate and aluminum sulfate in addition to phosphoric acid or its precursor such as phosphorous pentoxide.