Showing papers on "Spray tower published in 2021"

Artificial neural network for prediction of SO2 removal and volumetric mass transfer coefficient in spray tower

Abstract: One of the most common methods for controlling SO2 is the process of desulfurization using spray tower. Due to the large number of parameters to be evaluated and the process complexity, there are difficulties in the proposal of mathematical models to predict the removal efficiency and the gas phase volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kga). The aim of this study was to obtain an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the removal efficiency and the kga in a spray tower for SO2 removal. The results showed that the choosing of the best model from the training and validation steps did not generate reliable results. The best structure was defined by analyzing the results of a simulation step, which used independent data. The best model was obtained with the structure 5-9-2, trained using the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm with Bayesian Regularization and having the softmax and linear transfer functions in the hidden and output layers, respectively. This network presented an average error of 8.44% for the outlet SO2 concentration and 4.53% for the kga. This work showed that the use of neural networks is promising in the prediction of important variables in the processes of removal of air pollutants in spray towers.

Effect of Gas-Liquid Contact Intensification on Heat and Mass Transfer in Deflector and Rod Bank Desulfurization Spray Tower

Abstract: The deflector and the rod bank are commonly used to optimize flue gas distribution in the original spray tower (OST) of a wet flue gas desulfurization system (WFGD). In this paper, the internal optimization mechanism of the deflector desulfurization spray tower (DST) and the rod bank desulfurization spray tower (RBST) are studied. Based on the Euler–Lagrange method, the standard k-e turbulence model, an SO2 absorption model and a porous media model, the numerical simulation of the desulfurization spray tower is carried out with the verification of the model rationality. The results show that there are gas-liquid contact intensification effects in DST and RBST. Compared with OST, gas-liquid contact intensification enhances the heat and mass transfer effects of DST and RBST. The temperature difference between inlet and outlet of flue gas increased by 3.3 K and the desulfurization efficiency of DST increased by 1.8%; the pressure drop decreased by 37 Pa. In RBST, the temperature difference between the flue gas inlet and outlet increased by 5.3 K and the desulfurization efficiency increased by 3.6%; the pressure drop increased by 33 Pa.

Pulverization of a substance

Abstract: Nozzle installation (1) for spraying a substance that is supposed to be pulverized, comprising:- a first inlet (2) for the substance,- a second inlet (3) for a driving medium,- an outlet (4), through which the substance can be driven by the driving medium,- a heating line (5) that is arranged such that the substance can be heated between the first inlet (2) and the outlet (4) by the heating line (5),- a first temperature sensor (6) arranged at the outlet (4), and- a control unit (9) configured for controlling the heating power of the heating line (5) based on a first temperature measured by the first temperature sensor (6).By means of the described methods, the described nozzle installation (1) and the described device (11), pulverization of a substance such as a fat can be performed in a particularly reliable manner. Due to a controlled heating of the substance prior to spraying the substance into a spray tower (12), a particular uniform particle size distribution can be achieved and clogging of a nozzle installation (1) can be prevented.