Showing papers on "Strabismus published in 1989"
TL;DR: The finding that the more hyperopic eye in the moreHyperopic twin pair manifested the strabismus is apparent evidence that hyperopia is a substantive factor contributing to the multifactorial mode of inheritance.
160 citations
TL;DR: In infants with congenital esotropia or pathologic exotropia, the characteristic deviation appears to develop between 2 and 4 months of age, a period during which normal infants are becoming increasingly orthotropic.
123 citations
TL;DR: Chemodenervation of an extraocular muscle was not as successful as traditional strabismus surgery for treatment of infantile esotropia and other comitant deviations and botulinum A toxin injection was ineffective in patients who had restrictive strabistismus.
106 citations
TL;DR: The primary care physician needs to be aware of the specific eye problems of Down syndrome individuals so that he or she may initiate or refer the patient for appropriate ophthalmologic care, because most of the eye findings in Down syndrome are treatable.
Abstract: A total of 187 medical records of Down syndrome individuals over a 10-year period were reviewed retrospectively for strabismus, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, nystagmus, cataract, glaucoma, and other significant eye findings. This study showed that a higher proportion of these individuals than reported in previous studies had strabismus (57%). Refractive errors of myopia (22.5%), hyperopia (20.9%) and astigmatism (22%) were common. The primary care physician needs to be aware of the specific eye problems of Down syndrome individuals so that he or she may initiate or refer the patient for appropriate ophthalmologic care, because most of the eye findings in Down syndrome are treatable. Significant visual loss, a usually avoidable event in Down syndrome, should occur rarely.
84 citations
TL;DR: Several diagnostic steps in addition to the three-step test are necessary to tell if one is in fact dealing with a palsy of a single cyclovertical muscle, including contracture of the vertical recti, paresis of more than one vertical muscle, dissociated vertical divergence and small nonparalytic vertical deviations associated with horizontal strabismus.
79 citations
TL;DR: A statistical analysis of the onset and natural history of primary inferior oblique eye muscle overaction (IOOA) was conducted using the records of 456 strabismus patients to explore the association of IOOA with dissociated vertical deviation, as well as symmetry, range of age of detection, and recurrence after surgery.
75 citations
TL;DR: Candidates for pneumatic retinopexy can usually be treated by a radial scleral buckling procedure, and therefore the risk of postoperative strabismus is low if this technique is selected.
69 citations
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TL;DR: Stereopsis testing indicated that few, if any, of the infantile esotropes showed stereopsis at any of the test ages, and no differences among groups in absolute acuity scores or interocular acuity differences were found until the infants reached 30 and 36 months of age.
Abstract: Grating acuity and stereopsis were measured longitudinally in five groups of infants: infantile esotropes, moderate hyperopes, high hyperopes, infants with a family history of strabismus or amblyopia and controls. Grating acuity was measured with a forced-choice preferential looking procedure. Stereopsis was assessed with a random-element stereogram. Testing was conducted when subjects were 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months of age. No differences among groups in absolute acuity scores or interocular acuity differences were found until the infants reached 30 and 36 months of age. At these ages, treated infantile esotropes showed acuity scores that were, on average, 0.5 octave poorer than those of controls for both the eye showing the better acuity and the eye showing the worse acuity. Stereopsis testing indicated that few, if any, of the infantile esotropes showed stereopsis at any of the test ages. Over 30% of the high hyperopes developed strabismus by age 3 years, but none of the infants in the moderate hyperopia or family history groups developed strabismus.
55 citations
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49 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that a surgical formula designed to take axial length into account would decrease the variability in response to strabismus surgery in esotropic patients.
Abstract: • We performed axial length determinations preoperatively on a series of patients undergoing strabismus surgery. A statistically significant inverse correlation was found between axial length and the response (prism diopters per millimeter of medial rectus recession) for esotropic patients. The data suggest that a surgical formula designed to take axial length into account would decrease the variability in response to strabismus surgery in esotropic patients. Poor correlation was found between axial length and response to surgery in exotropic patients. We feel this poor correlation was due, in part, to the postoperative drift rate in exotropic patients as well as inaccuracies with the standard techniques used to determine the basic deviation on which surgery in exotropic patients is based.
46 citations
TL;DR: Benefits of this technique include avoidance of certain hazards of general and retrobulbar anesthesia, the ability to adjust eye position to the patient's satisfaction on the operative table, and expanded options for patients unwilling to undergo general anesthesia.
Abstract: Twenty-two adults underwent strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia over the past 4 years. Benefits of this technique include avoidance of certain hazards of general and retrobulbar anesthesia, the ability to adjust eye position to the patient's satisfaction on the operative table, and expanded options for patients unwilling to undergo general anesthesia. The major disadvantages are the possibility of increased patient discomfort. Patient selection is important.
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TL;DR: Evidence is provided that infant monkeys are a good model for studies of the possible relationships between amblyopia and strabismus that are often noted in children with early visual deprivation and raises the prospect that some of the findings in previous animal studies that have been attributed to the direct effects of deprivation may actually be secondary to the induced misalignment.
Abstract: We measured ocular alignment in the horizontal direction for 17 monkeys reared under deprivation paradigms that involved monocular defocus, monocular occlusion and optically corrected aphakia coupled with continuous or partial occlusion of the fellow eye. Alignment was measured at 3 and 7 months with a photographic corneal light reflex method. Results showed that a majority of the monkeys in each paradigm developed strabismus following deprivation rearing, the common factor being early abnormal visual experience. Results also indicated a trend in which many of the deviations seen at 3 months of age were exotropic while all of the animals with deviations at 7 months of age were esotropic. These results on deprivation-induced strabismus, which are the first reported in monkeys, are consistent with previous findings in cats and humans, providing further evidence that deprivation affects not only sensory, but motor systems as well. These findings provide evidence that infant monkeys are a good model for studies of the possible relationships between amblyopia and strabismus that are often noted in children with early visual deprivation. Furthermore, it raises the prospect that some of the findings in previous animal studies that have been attributed to the direct effects of deprivation may actually be secondary to the induced misalignment.
TL;DR: A distinct syndrome of eyelid ptosis, convergent strabismus, abdominal muscle defect, hip dislocation, cryptorchidism and developmental delay in two brothers suggests autosomal recessive inheritance.
Abstract: We report a distinct syndrome of eyelid ptosis, convergent strabismus, abdominal muscle defect, hip dislocation, cryptorchidism and developmental delay in two brothers. Consanguinity in their parents suggests autosomal recessive inheritance.
TL;DR: The stability was comparable to that following the usual two-stage adjustable suture following strabismus correction, with the original angle of deviation and the fusion status found to have no bearing on the stability of the procedure.
Abstract: One-stage adjustable suture for strabismus correction, with the whole operation done under topical anaesthesia and adjustment done on the table, was performed on 45 consecutive patients. The stability of the post-adjustment result was studied by comparing the post-adjustment deviation on the operating table to that at six weeks and three months after operation. The stability was comparable to that following the usual two-stage adjustable suture. The original angle of deviation and the fusion status were found to have no bearing on the stability of the procedure.
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TL;DR: The benefits of the adjustable suture technique for strabismus surgery include the surgeon's ability to place the eye at the exact position desired in the immediate postoperative period.
Abstract: The benefits of the adjustable suture technique for strabismus surgery include the surgeon's ability to place the eye at the exact position desired in the immediate postoperative period. Depending on the type of deviation, this may be orthophoric, slight esophoric, or slight exophoric. Unexpected postoperative results are prevented which can occur when measurements and classical surgery are done in special problems such as paretic and restrictive strabismus and in reoperations. In addition precise alignment can be made in patients with weak fusion or fusion only in certain fields of gaze, and this should decrease the need for reoperation.
TL;DR: It is proposed that constant strabismus, which precludes and prevents bifixation, can result in the development of monofixation syndrome if the strabistsic deviation is not corrected promptly.
Abstract: Monofixation syndrome is a well documented sensory abnormality occurring in patients with childhood-onset strabismus. We report the development of monofixation syndrome in six adults with strabismus. It is proposed that constant strabismus, which precludes and prevents bifixation, can result in the development of monofixation syndrome if the strabismic deviation is not corrected promptly.
TL;DR: In both groups of patients a manipulation of the eye muscle was performed without inducing an eye muscle imbalance in the retinal detachment patients and without modifying the eye position in the strabismus patients in which a stretch was exerted.
Abstract: In this paper results are presented of errors in spatial localization found after encircling procedures for retinal detachment both in the operated and in the normal eye. Also changes in spatial localization were found in strabismus patients in which a stretch on the operated muscle was exerted after an adjustable recession. In both groups of patients a manipulation of the eye muscle was performed without inducing an eye muscle imbalance in the retinal detachment patients and without modifying the eye position in the strabismus patients in which a stretch was exerted. These data provide further evidence in favour of the role of proprioceptive information in space perception.
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TL;DR: The potential of the new model consists of a store of most of the information capable of being generated by an existing strabismus model together with an efficient search procedure and is demonstrated by its application to a case of paralytic strabistismus.
Abstract: Until now computer models of strabismus have consisted of lengthy calculations based on oculomotor physiology. Such models have been able to demonstrate the pattern of strabismus that would arise from any given muscle abnormality and/or operation. However, it has been difficult to use such models to guide strabismus surgery because the surgeon requires a model that works in the opposite direction. The surgeon requires a model whose input is the pattern of strabismus and output is the muscle operation required. Such a model is described here. Instead of consisting of calculations based on physiology the new model consists of a store of most of the information capable of being generated by an existing strabismus model together with an efficient search procedure. In this paper the potential of the new model is demonstrated by its application to a case of paralytic strabismus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:276-287,1989 Surgery for strabismus, particularly paralytic strabismus, has an appreciable failure rate. It is likely that the situation can be improved by the use of computers to guide strabismus surgeons. A computer model of strabismus became available in 1975 1 and a number of improved versions of the
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TL;DR: Strabismus is found in 50 % of children with cerebral palsy, this prevalence is significantly different from the 2 % incidence of oculomotor abnormalities in the pre-school age, it is noteworthy that strabismos and refractivo errors respond to the classical therapeutic measures.
Abstract: Cerebral palsy is a permanent and non-progressive brain damage due to various causes affecting a child from the intrauterine life up to the first two years of life. Its most common cause is neonatal hypoxic encephalopathy. The cerebral damage is diffuse so that it is commonly associated with epilepsy, mental retardation, dysarthria, hearing loss and oculomotor abnormalities. Strabismus is found in 50 % of children with cerebral palsy. This prevalence is significantly different from the 2 % incidence of oculomotor abnormalities in the pre-school age, it is noteworthy that strabismus and refractivo errors respond to the classical therapeutic measures.
TL;DR: A patient with longstanding dysthyroid eye disease developed a broad adhesion between the globe and the upper eyelid following simultaneous surgery to recess the levator palpebrae superioris and lateral rectus muscles.
Abstract: A patient with longstanding dysthyroid eye disease developed a broad adhesion between the globe and the upper eyelid following simultaneous surgery to recess the levator palpebrae superioris and lateral rectus muscles. This unusual complication may have developed as a consequence of failure to suture the conjuctiva of the upper fornix to the tarsus and also due to the prolonged static contact between the resulting adjacent raw areas due to postoperative eyelid traction and pressure dressings. Periods of such contact may have been further prolonged by the action of diazepam, which reduces the peak velocity of saccadic eye movements and suppresses rapid eye movement of sleep. Eyelid surgery should be performed as a separate procedure, under local anesthetic after healing of areas bare of conjunctiva from strabismus surgery utilizing the adjustable suture technique.
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TL;DR: Botulinum toxin (Oculinum) was effective for blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm, and in producing pharmacological ptosis, which is a new treatment modality with specific indications in ophthalmology.
Abstract: We have used botulinum toxin (Oculinum) for the past 2 years to treat strabismus and other ophthalmic conditions. It was effective for blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm, and in producing pharmacological ptosis. There were a few local complications, such as ptosis and diplopia, which disappeared within a few weeks. This is a new treatment modality with specific indications in ophthalmology.
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TL;DR: The authors report one case of blindness occurrence after surgery of strabismus, which is a posterior ischemic optic neuropathy and exposes the different proceeds of blindness occurring after ophthalmologic surgery.
Abstract: Les auteurs rapportent un cas d'amaurose survenue au decours de la chirurgie du strabisme qui est celui d'une ischemie posterieure aigue du nerf optique. Les differents mecanismes physiopathologiques des epidoses amaurotiques de la chirurgie ophtalmologique sont exposes
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TL;DR: An automatized computerized deviometer is presented based on an infrared TV camera, an image analyzer and a computer to answer the following questions: is there a strabismus?
Abstract: An automatized computerized deviometer is presented based on an infrared TV camera, an image analyzer and a computer. With this instrument it is possible to follow step-by-step the various diagnostic procedures in strabismus and to answer the following questions: is there a strabismus? is it convergent, divergent or vertical strabismus? what is the angle of deviation? which is the paralytic or paretic muscle in the case of incomitant strabismus?
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