Showing papers on "Subtropics published in 1982"

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns off Northwest Africa During the Past 25 Million Years

Abstract: The sediments of the eastern Atlantic contain excellent historical records of the patterns of oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the subtropics. This is particularly the case at the low relief northwest African continental margin which favors unrestrained interaction of the land- sea climatic system and which forms a schematic, vertical cross section through the ocean from the equator to Mediterranean latitudes. Our synthesis of the Neogene and Quaternary evolution of paleoenvironments along this margin tries to show that oceans and land respond in a complementary way to global climatic events and mechanisms.

Phenology of trees in a sub-tropical humid forest in North-Eastern India

Abstract: Phenological observations were made on 122 tree species in a subtropical humid seasonal forest in north-eastern India. The forest had a high proportion of evergreen compared to deciduous species. Leaf-fall of most of the tree species coincided with the dry season. Flushing started towards the end of the dry season for a majority of the tree species, the degree and period of leaflessness varying with the species. Leaf production in the overstorey species extended over a longer period compared to the understorey species. For most of the species, flowering coincided with leaflessness. Proportionately more overstorey species flowered during the dry season and wet season flowering was more characteristic of understorey species. A majority of the species produced fleshy fruits during the wet season. Fruits, produced during the dry season, were mostly dry.

The quasi‐biennial oscillation in atmospheric ozone

Abstract: Examination of the relationship between tropical stratosphere zonal wind and ozone indicate a variable response in latitude with Northern Hemisphere tropics and polar regions and Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes showing the strongest response with relatively weaker response at Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes and the Southern Hemisphere tropics. In tropical regions, the west winds and ozone maxima are in phase while at higher latitudes, a more nearly out-of-phase relationship prevails. At subtropical and middle latitudes, the QBO in ozone does not appear to change phases with altitude. These features are suggestive of an interaction between the tropical zonal winds and poleward transport of horizontal eddies in conjunction with the annual poleward transport of ozone.

Strontium-90 in Surface Air and the Stratosphere: Some Interpretations of the 1963-75 Data.

Abstract: Stratospheric inventories of Sr-90 over the period 1963–75 yield T½* = 6–7 months for the inventory difference between Northern and Southern Hemispheres, T½N = 9–10 months for the decay of the Northern Hemispheric inventory by transfer to the troposphere and Southern Hemisphere, T½T=10–11 months for the decay of the total stratospheric inventory, and T½E=15–35 years for the decay of the Northern Hemispheric inventory by transfer to the Southern Hemisphere alone Mean monthly concentrations of Sr-90 in surface air along the 80th meridian are computed for the years 1963–75 and presented in time-latitude cross sections The spring maximum in the Northern Hemisphere appears first at the lowest latitude (Miraflores-Balboa, 9°N) for which data are available The reason for this appears to be seasonal precipitation scavenging associated with seasonal migrations of the equatorial trough (ITCZ) In the tropics and subtropics, where precipitation rate shows large seasonal variations, the Sr-90 concentrat

Cereal Storage Proteins: Structure and Role in Agriculture and Food Technology

Abstract: Cereals are the fruits of cultivated members of the grass family, the Gramineae. They provide much of the carbohydrate and protein for the majority of people on earth. Wheat, a plant of temperate climates, is widely grown and is the staple food of much of Europe, the nations of European descent and temperate regions of India and China. Rice is grown in the tropics where rain and sunshine are abundant and forms the staple diet of one half of the world’s human population. In tropical regions that have a limited rainfall, sorghum and various types of millet replace rice as the staple diet. The remaining major cereal, maize, is grown extensively in tropical and subtropical areas and forms the staple food of the populations in parts of South America, Eastern Europe and East and South Africa.

Some Aspects of Shoot and Root Growth of Avocado Under Lowland Tropical Conditions

Abstract: Avocado [Persea americana L.] is cultivated on a large scale ranging from the hot humid tropics of Latin America and Africa to the warm subtropics of North and South America, Australia, South Africa, and parts of the Mediterranean. In addition to widespread consumption within these areas, the value of this fruit as export commodity is of considerable economic potential; and in certain countries, it is grown principally for export.

On some climatological aspects of the zonally averaged atmosphere in the southern hemisphere

Abstract: Preliminary estimates of energy fluxes by mean meridional circulations are presented for the Southern Hemisphere. Total diabatic heating has been obtained by assuming balance between the divergence of energy flux and heating. Diabatic heating shows essentially a four latitude belt pattern with heating in the tropics and middle latitudes and cooling in the subtropics and polar latitudes. Although this is qualitatively similar to that obtained for the Northern Hemisphere and also to that obtained for the Southern Hemisphere by direct calculation of heating, there are quantitative differences.