Showing papers on "Territoriality published in 2012"
TL;DR: This article explored how young people experience territoriality in six British cities and challenged the prevailing view within existing literature that young people derive important benefits from the territoriality of young people. But, they did not consider the effect of social media on their daily lives.
Abstract: This paper explores how young people experience territoriality in six British cities. It challenges the prevailing view within existing literature that young people derive important benefits from t...
74 citations
TL;DR: Two of the most prolific contributors to the theoretical literature on territoriality, Robert Sack and Claude Raffestin, treat territoriality in fundamentally different ways as discussed by the authors, and they differ significantly from each other.
Abstract: Two of the most prolific contributors to the theoretical literature on territoriality—Robert Sack and Claude Raffestin—treat territoriality in fundamentally different ways. Sack conceives of territ...
74 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a methodological approach to reflect the reflection of cross-border territorialities in a two-fold way, by considering the political changes in these areas.
Abstract: Territoriality is mostly discussed as the political competence to exert control on a certain space, in particular with regard to the nation state. Globalization and European Integration have initiated some debate on this understanding, but cross-cross-border cooperation has rarely been linked to this debate. In these areas enormous political changes have been seen during the recent years. Still, the territorial dimension cannot be addressed, as territoriality as known from nation states is challenging politics. However, the territorial implications are manifold and are increasing throughout Europe. Against this backdrop is conceptual reflection. This paper starts with a brief overview of discussions and the empirical implementation of the territoriality debate. Based on this, the paper attempts to catch up with the political changes – the reflection of cross-border territorialities in a two-fold way. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this field. First, we propose a methodological approach to s...
57 citations
Book•
25 Aug 2012
28 citations
TL;DR: Findings suggest that male territoriality may play a significant role on the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in A. reclusa, and that other factors should also be considered to explain the Evolution of SSD in damselflies, since non-territorial males are also capable of acquiring mates.
Abstract: In Odonata, many species present sexual size dimorphism (SSD), which can be associated with male territoriality in Zygoptera. We hypothesized that in the territorial damselfly Argia reclusa, male–male competition can favor large males, and consequently, drive selection pressures to generate male-biased SSD. The study was performed at a small stream in southeastern Brazil. Males were marked, and we measured body size and assessed the quality of territories. We tested if larger territorial males (a) defended the best territories (those with more male intrusions and visiting females), (b) won more fights, and (c) mated more. Couples were collected and measured to show the occurrence of sexual size dimorphism. Results indicated that males are larger than females, and that territorial males were larger than non-territorial males. Larger territorial males won more fights and defended the best territories. There was no difference between the mating success of large territorial and small non-territorial males. Although our findings suggest that male territoriality may play a significant role on the evolution of sexual size dimorphism in A. reclusa, we suggest that other factors should also be considered to explain the evolution of SSD in damselflies, since non-territorial males are also capable of acquiring mates.
24 citations
TL;DR: The negative correlation between dominant frequency and mating success of males found in previous studies seems to be in part the result of intrasexual competition between males.
Abstract: In many species male reproductive success is limited by access to females. Territoriality is one behavioural strategy which helps to acquire females. In the present study, we investigated the correlation between territory size and (1) female availability and (2) rate of intrusion by conspecific males in strawberry poison frogs, Oophaga pumilio. Males defended smaller territories in areas with a high female density and high rate of intrusion by conspecific males. Only males with high body condition values were able to establish territories in areas of high female density probably due to better fighting abilities. Moreover, dominant calling frequency was lower during agonistic interactions. Because only males with high body condition values were able to produce very low dominant frequencies, the acoustic properties appear to be an honest signal containing information about fighting abilities. Thus, the negative correlation between dominant frequency and mating success of males found in previous studies seems to be in part the result of intrasexual competition between males.
23 citations
01 Mar 2012
TL;DR: A review of previous approaches to territoriality in anthropology and corollary fields can be found in this article, where the authors argue that the control of territory is not an inherent aspect of social power, particularly within complex polities, but rather a modality through which authority can be claimed and reproduced.
Abstract: Archaeological studies of political life have often assumed that the control of territory is an inherent aspect of social power, particularly within complex polities. Frustration with the rigid territorialism of archaeological approaches to politics has fostered enthusiasm for alternative models of political space, including networks. While we concur with this frustration, we argue that territorial models should still be integral to archaeological studies of political landscapes. However, archaeologists should reframe the control of territory as one of many modalities through which authority can be claimed and reproduced and focus attention on variability in territorial patterns and processes. In this introduction, we review previous approaches to territoriality in anthropology and corollary fields, outline dimensions of variability in territorial behaviors and institutions, and provide a foundation for the series of essays in this volume, which collectively seek to invigorate the study of territoriality in anthropological archaeology. [territoriality, archaeological theory, landscape archaeology]
23 citations
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, a cost-benefit theory was proposed to describe the breakdown and formation of territory in a river during a non-breeding (growing) season, which predicts an "attempted territory holder" that tries to have a small territory emerges just before the formation.
Abstract: Ayu fish form algae-feeding territories in a river during a non-breeding (growing) season. We build a cost-benefit theory to describe the breakdown and formation of territory. In the early stage of a growing season, all fish hold territories at low densities. Once all territory sites are occupied, excess fish become floaters. When fish density further increases, a phase transition occurs: all the territories suddenly break down and fish form a school. In contrast, when the fish density is decreased, territories are suddenly formed from the school. Both theory and experiments demonstrate that ayu should exhibit a historical effect: the breakdown and formation processes of territory are largely different. In particular, the theory in formation process predicts a specific fish behavior: an "attempted territory holder" that tries to have a small territory emerges just before the formation of territory.
18 citations
TL;DR: This paper used a modification of the Ripley's K function that accounts for inhomogeneous intensity to determine whether territoriality or habitat determined the spacing of goshawks in the Black Hills.
Abstract: The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) is the largest of the three North American species of Accipiter and is more closely associated with older forests than are the other species. Its reliance on older forests has resulted in concerns about its status, extensive research into its habitat relationships, and litigation. Our objective was to model the spatial patterns of goshawk territories in the Black Hills, South Dakota, to make inferences about the underlying processes. We used a modification of Ripley's K function that accounts for inhomogeneous intensity to determine whether territoriality or habitat determined the spacing of goshawks in the Black Hills, finding that habitat conditions rather than territoriality were the determining factor. A spatial model incorporating basal area of trees in a stand of forest, canopy cover, age of trees >23 cm in diameter, number of trees per hectare, and geographic coor- dinates provided good fit to the spatial patterns of territories. There was no indication of repulsion at close distances that would imply spacing was determined by territoriality. These findings contrast with those for the Kaibab Plateau, Arizona, where territoriality is an important limiting factor. Forest stands where the goshawk nested historically are now younger and have trees of smaller diameter, probably having been modified by logging, fire, and insects. These results have important implications for the goshawk's ecology in the Black Hills with respect to mortality, competi- tion, forest fragmentation, and nest-territory protection.
10 citations
TL;DR: To explain why callnotes and not songs predominate in the non-breeding context, an empirical model is presented based upon predictions from motivational/structural rules, ranging theory and latitudinal differences in extra-pair mating systems.
Abstract: Many temperate zone breeding birds spend their non-breeding period in the tropics where they defend individual territories. Unlike tropical birds that use song for breeding and non-breeding territorial defense, vocal defense differs strikingly between breeding and non-breeding territories in migrants. Song, restricted to males, is used during defense of breeding territories but callnotes are used to defend non-breeding territories. To explain why callnotes and not songs predominate in the non-breeding context, we present an empirical model based upon predictions from motivational/structural rules, ranging theory and latitudinal differences in extra-pair mating systems. Due to sex role divergence during breeding that favors singing in males, but not females, females may be unable to range male song. Ranging requires a signal to be in both the sender and receiver’s repertoire to allow the distance between them to be assessed (ranged). Non-breeding territories of migrants are defended by both males and females as exclusive individual (androgynous) territories. Ranging Theory predicts callnotes, being shared by both males and females can, in turn, be ranged by both so are effective in androgynous territoriality. Where songs are used for non-breeding territorial defense both sexes sing, supporting the evolutionary significance of shared vocalizations in androgynous territorial defense.
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: The morphology and behavior of Anolis sagrei and A. cristatellus suggest that competition may have influenced their evolution, but little evidence of contemporary competition between them is found, highlighting the role that evolutionary history plays in current ecological interactions.
Abstract: Author(s): Losin, Neil | Advisor(s): Grether, Gregory F | Abstract: Competition among species, whether mediated through shared resources or direct behavioral interactions, has significant evolutionary effects. Ecological and agonistic character displacement (ECD and ACD) are processes by which competition drives evolutionary shifts in resource use and interspecific aggression, respectively. Recent contact zones provide opportunities to study these processes. In Chapters 1-3, we used the invasion of Florida by two lizards, Anolis sagrei and A. cristatellus, to investigate the role of interspecific competition in their evolution. First, we asked whether ECD has occurred in these species. We measured morphology and bite force in sympatric and allopatric populations, and found that A. cristatellus had a more robust head and greater bite force in sympatry. This shift results in phenotypic divergence, consistent with ECD. Next, we asked whether interspecific fights have driven shifts in aggressive behavior through ACD. We found that male A. sagrei were less aggressive toward heterospecifics in sympatry than in allopatry, while male A. cristatellus were behaviorally dominant. A. sagrei's reduced heterospecific aggression in sympatry may represent an adaptation to avoid fights with A. cristatellus. Finally, the effects of competition depend on its intensity, so we used a species-removal experiment to ask whether A. sagrei and A. cristatellus were competing in South Miami. While the two species' habitat use differed significantly, the removals did not influence their habitat use, movements, or body condition. In summary, the morphology and behavior of A. sagrei and A. cristatellus suggest that competition may have influenced their evolution, but we found little evidence of contemporary competition between them. In Chapter 4, we present a comparative analysis of the ecological and evolutionary factors underlying interspecific territoriality (IT) in North American warblers (Parulidae). We searched the literature for records of IT and compared species that exhibited IT with species that did not. Over half of North American parulids showed IT. Species exhibiting IT were more similar to one another in morphology, feeding guild, and habitat than expected by chance, but phylogenetic relatedness was a better predictor of IT than any of these factors, highlighting the role that evolutionary history plays in current ecological interactions.
Book•
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that tourism should be treated as a technology of state territorialization in general, and then analyze the spatial politics of tourism between China and Taiwan in particular.
Abstract: After years of travel bans and despite an ongoing dispute over sovereignty and territory, Chinese tourists have poured into Taiwan since 2008. In this thesis, I develop an argument, based on theories of governmentality and performativity, that treats borders and territories as dynamic processes rather than places. I use this theory first to argue that tourism should be treated as a technology of state territorialization in general, and then to analyze the spatial politics of tourism between China and Taiwan in particular. I apply this analytical framework to ethnographic data collected during fieldwork in tourist sites in Taiwan in summer 2012. I conclude that tourism is producing multiple sensations of stateness in Taiwan, and exacerbating contradictions between China and Taiwan’s programs of state territorialization.
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss an inbound regulation, which concerns situations in which a territory is shielded from spillover effects which stem from extraterritorial activities, and an outbound regulation aims at enforcing the local IP regime with regard to activities and effects in foreign territories.
Abstract: It is often said that patents, trademarks, copyrights and other intellectual property (IP) rights are "territorial in nature". In the field of intellectual property, territoriality is so widely accepted that there is apparently no need to define or justify this "principle". The extra-territorial application of national law has, for a long time, been a topic of discussion in core areas of public law such as taxation as well as antitrust law. This chapter discusses an inbound regulation, which concerns situations in which a territory is shielded from spillover effects which stem from extraterritorial activities. It also discusses outbound regulation aims at enforcing the local IP regime with regard to activities and effects in foreign territories. The chapter gathers a number of examples from various jurisdictions, in which substantive IP law defines the notion of tinfringementt so broadly that it extends to activities and/or effects occurring in other countries. Keywords:extra-territorial reach; intellectual property (IP) law; territoriality
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the role of space use in social relationships and the degree to which individuals are territorial in their use of space in a social network, and found that relatively little was known about the relationship between space use and social relationships.
Abstract: Space use is a fundamental characteristic that informs our knowledge of social relationships and the degree to which individuals are territorial. Until recently, relatively little was known about t...
22 May 2012
Journal Article•
Journal Article•
01 Oct 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors found six user groups's territoriality: Primary Territory User Group Street-Vendor, Primary Territory user group shop-owner, Primary Territory User Group Parking-Man; Primary Terrestrial User Group Pedestrian And Driver; And Secondary Territoriality.
Abstract: As the capital city of the Province of West Kalimantan, Pontianak has become a 'magnet' for economic actors, included the Street-Vendor. The Government has not fully able to provide a place for vendors to move as one of the potential of community-based economic. One of the Local Government effort is 'Awning Program' in Sudirman market to provide location for informal sector. However, that case causes the next problems which are: the used space conflict among the users, where in Environment and Behavior Architecture it is called as Territoriality Problem. The method that was used to learn the territoriality conception was on quantitative with descriptive statistic and on qualitative with user group's territoriality mapping. Data were gathered by interviews, questioners, person centered mapping, place centered mapping, and physical tracing. By the analysis result it were found six user group's territoriality: Primary Territory User Group Street-Vendor; Primary Territory User Group Shop-Owner; Primary Territory User Group Parking-Man; Primary Territory User Group Pedestrian And Driver; And Secondary Territoriality. Afterwards, those six were grouped on three user groups territoriality: "Invator"; "Aggresor"; and "Penderita".
01 Dec 2012
TL;DR: The early Cold War was, infamously, a time of political retrenchment, when anticommunists exploited popular fears and national security pretexts to squelch the democratic energies of the Popular Front.
Abstract: The early Cold War was, infamously, a time of political retrenchment, when anticommunists exploited popular fears and national security pretexts to squelch the democratic energies of the Popular Front. Left-led unions and civil rights organizations alike purged their leadership of any communist affiliation, while professional anticommunists pushed other organizations on the Left to do the same or land on the Attorney General’s list of subversive organizations. Support for left-liberal causes such as anti-fascism, labor rights, gender equity, and racial equality provided red flags for investigators and agitators on the prowl for evidence of internal subversion.1
TL;DR: This is the first experimental investigation to show a non-resource- and an alternative resource-based mate-locating tactic in a butterfly, and it is suggested that this behavioural flexibility may represent an important step to understand the ecological factors responsible for the organization and evolution of different territorial mating systems in insects.
Abstract: Among polygynous species, males often compete for the possession of mating sites to increase their reproductive success. Weaker individuals frequently adopt alternative non-territorial mate-locating tactics, but the adoption of alternative territorial tactics may also occur. Although alternative tactics with territory defence are less common in arthropods, factors that drive its adoption may provide information to understand the organization of different territorial mating systems in the group. Here we investigate the adoption of resource-based territoriality as an alternative to a non-resource-based one by males of the butterfly Paryphthimoides phronius. Male P. phronius commonly defend sunny clearings lacking feeding resources in the forest edge (non-resource-based territoriality). However, after experimentally offering fermenting fruit in previously undefended sites, we showed that males also adopt a resource defence tactic. Males in territories with fermenting fruits apparently feed on this resource when they are not defending the territory. However, males in sites without resources did not migrate to territories with resources when given the opportunity. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental investigation to show a non-resource- and an alternative resource-based mate-locating tactic in a butterfly. We suggest that this behavioural flexibility may represent an important step to understand the ecological factors responsible for the organization and evolution of different territorial mating systems in insects.
28 Jul 2012-World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated significant of hierarchical principles of the neighborhood center in residents' territoriality and its factors and found that a hierarchical principle is the best instrument to improve the territoriality as the subcomponent of place belonging in residents.
Abstract: The role of neighborhood center as semi public (the balance space) is disappeared in bonding between private and public in new urbanism. In this way, a hierarchical principle in the traditional neighborhood center appears to create or develop the conditions for residents` relationships and belonging. This paper evaluates significant of hierarchical principles of the neighborhood center in residents` territoriality and its factors. In this way Miandeh neighborhood center from Boshrooyeh city was determined as a case study area. Results indicated that a hierarchical principle is the best instrument to improve the territoriality as the subcomponent of place belonging in residents. The findings help the urban designer to revitalization the neighborhoods and proceedings in organization of physical space. Keywords—Belonging, Neighborhood center, Revitalization, Territoriality
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: The Resurgence of Indigenous Women's Knowledge and Resistance in Relation to Land and Territoriality: Transnational and Interdisciplinary Perspectives as mentioned in this paper is a collection of essays about women's knowledge and resistance in relation to land and territory.
Abstract: Copyright ©2012 by York University (Toronto, Canada) Issue 6 (Fall/Winter 2012) ISSN# 1913-5874 The Resurgence of Indigenous Women's Knowledge and Resistance in Relation to Land and Territoriality: Transnational and Interdisciplinary Perspectives Leanne Simpson Kina Gchi Nishnaabeg-ogaming Wanda Nanibush Curator in Residence, Justina M. Barnicke Gallery, Hart House, University of Toronto Carol Williams University of Lethbridge (Department of Women & Gender Studies)
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: Territorial integrity is, as we have seen earlier, the institutionalization of territoriality, which means the control by the state of a given space and its population, after having succeeded to neutralize internal and external competitors, and its use for political, social, and economic ends to the benefit of the whole population as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Territorial integrity is, as we have seen earlier, the institutionalization of territoriality, which means the control by the state of a given space and its population, after having succeeded to neutralize internal and external competitors, and its use for political, social, and economic ends to the benefit of the whole population. Translated in juridical terms, territoriality reflects the supreme authority or jurisdiction of the state to control all persons or property within its territorial domain.
01 Jan 2012
TL;DR: HAL as discussed by the authors is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not, which may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.
Abstract: HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Territorialité autochtone et agenda politique en Bolivie (1970-2010) Laurent Lacroix
Dissertation•
10 Oct 2012
Journal Article•
01 Mar 2012
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors integrate various research strands into the comparative study of territorial politics, with federal studies at its core, and discuss the boundaries and substance of comparative territorial politics as a federal discipline, political territoriality is developed towards an analytical framework applicable to politics at any governmental level.
Abstract: The core issues comparative territorial politics addresses are how and why territory is used to delimit, maintain, or create political power; and with what kind of consequences for efficiency (output) and legitimacy (input). The aim of this article is to integrate various research strands into the comparative study of territorial politics, with federal studies at its core. As an example of a conceptual payoff, ‘political territoriality’ refers the observer to three dimensions of the strategic use of areal boundaries for political power. By focusing on territory as a key variable of political systems, the actors, processes and institutions are first analytically separated and continuously measured, enhancing internal validity, and then theoretically integrated, which allows more valid external inferences than classic, legal-institutionalist federal studies. After discussing the boundaries and substance of comparative territorial politics as a federal discipline, political territoriality is developed towards an analytical framework applicable to politics at any governmental level. The claims are modest: political territoriality does not serve so much as an explanatory concept as rather an ‘attention-directing device’ for federal studies.