Showing papers on "Transgender published in 2000"
Book•
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20 Jan 2000
TL;DR: The Gendered Society, 4th edition as mentioned in this paper explores current thinking about gender, both inside academia and in our everyday lives, and argues that gender differences are often extremely exaggerated; in fact, men and women have much more in common than we think they do.
Abstract: Thoroughly updated throughout, the fourth edition of The Gendered Society explores current thinking about gender, both inside academia and in our everyday lives. Michael Kimmel challenges the claim that gender is limited to women's experiences--his compelling and balanced study of genderincludes both masculine and feminine perspectives. Part 1 examines the latest work in biology, anthropology, psychology, and sociology; Part 2 provides an original analysis of the gendered worlds of family, education, and work; and Part 3 explores gender interactions, including friendship and love, sexuality, and violence. Kimmel makes three bold and persuasive statements about gender. First, he demonstrates that gender differences are often extremely exaggerated; in fact, he argues that men and women have much more in common than we think they do. Kimmel also challenges the pop psychologists who suggest that gender difference is the cause of inequality between the sexes; instead, he reveals that the reverse is true--gender inequality itself is the cause of the differences between men and women. Finally, he illustrates that gender is not merely an element of individual identity, but a socially constructed institutional phenomenon. The fourth edition features a new chapter on gender and religion; increased coverage of bisexuality and transgender issues; a series of text boxes ("Oh, Really?") that dispel gender myths; more photos and art; and an expanded Instructor's Manual that provides additional teaching and testingsuggestions. An expanded Instructor's Manual and Test Bank (9780199738588) includes chapter summaries, short-answer questions, essay questions, class discussions/assignments, learning objectives, and multiple-choice questions. Essential reading for both students and scholars, The Gendered Society, Fourth Edition, is an authoritative, incisive, and lively statement about contemporary gender relations from one of the country's foremost thinkers on the subject. Kimmel's companion anthology, The Gendered Society Reader, Fourth Edition (OUP, 2010), coedited with Amy Aronson, provides a perfect complement for classroom use. PACKAGE the textbook and the reader together and save your students 20%! Please call Customer Service at 800.280.0280 for details.
973 citations
TL;DR: A historical analysis of how year of homosexuality emerged among educators and the public, and further how homophobia has perpetuated rigid gender-identified roles in school employment is given in this paper.
Abstract: Over the past two centuries, school employment in the United States generally has been divided into gender-identified roles. In spite of this stark division, however, many men and women have transgressed their" acceptable gendered places in schoolwork. At times, these gender transgressors––including male teachers of young children, women superintendents, spinsters, and more recently, gay/lesbian/bisexual/transgender educators––have faced severe sanctions as individuals, institutions. and the broader society have labored to maintain strict gender boundaries around them. This article offers art historical analysis of how year of homosexuality emerged among educators and the public, and further how homophobia has perpetuated rigid gender-identified roles in school employment.
101 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: Green and Greene as discussed by the authors developed an Inclusive Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Psychology teaching curriculum and developed an inclusive curriculum for teaching and developing an inclusive curriculum for the teaching of psychology.
Abstract: Preface - Beverly Greene Beyond Heterosexism and Across the Cultural Divide - Beverly Greene Developing an Inclusive Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Psychology Teaching Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Psychology - Christine Browning and Craig Cain Contemporary Strategies Including Sexual Orientation in Life Span Developmental Psychology - Douglas Kimmel Confronting Hetrosexism in the Teaching of Psychology - Jane M Simoni Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Lives - Kristin Hancock Basic Issues in Psychotherapy Training and Practice Including Transgender Issues in Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Psychology - Kathy A Gainor Implications for Clinical Practice and Training Bisexuality in Perspective - Ronald C Fox A Review of Theory and Research Lesbians, Gays, and Family Psychology - Robert-Jay Green Resources for Teaching and Practice Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adolescent Development - Joyce Hunter and Gary Mallon Dancing with Your Feet Tied Together Therapeutic Responses to Sexual Orientation - Douglas C Haldeman Psychology's Evolution Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People of Color - Gladys L Croom A Challenge to Representative Sampling in Empirical Research The Lesbian and Gay Workplace - Susan Gore An Employees Guide to Advancing Equity
92 citations
TL;DR: The goals of this article are to educate health care professionals on specific health care issues faced by the lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender community.
Abstract: About 10% of the population is lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender.1,2 These people face health care risks that are often not addressed because of lack of knowledge of the patient's sexual orientation, ignorance of specific health care issues, or because the patient feels that the health care professional is homophobic. The goals of this article are to educate health care professionals on specific health care issues faced by this community.
Only a limited amount of information is available on health care risks within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender population. Most studies do not address sexual orientation. Fear of stigmatization prevents many people from identifying themselves as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. In addition, many do not seek health care (and are therefore excluded from health studies) because of prior negative experience. As many as two thirds of physicians never ask patients about their sexual orientation.3 Some health care professionals assume that their patients are heterosexual. Others may be homophobic and hostile and prefer to avoid the issue.
86 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the topic of sexuality and intimacy of people with severe mental illness by addressing a series of questions about the nature of psychiatric disability and its effects on sexual identity and behavior.
Abstract: This article explores the topic of sexuality and intimacy of people with severe mental illness by addressing a series of questions about the nature of psychiatric disability and its effects on sexual identity and behavior. After describing the characteristics of people with psychiatric disabilities, the paper explores where they fit in the disability rights movement and examines how society treats persons with psychiatric labels. Barriers to full sexual expression are explored, first, from consumer perspectives, and then from the research literature, including a look at impediments to use of contraception and safer sex practices. Finally, the analysis asks a series of questions about issues for women mental health consumers in the expression of their sexuality and access to women's health services, along with sexuality issues for gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and HIV-positive consumers. Finally, the paper concludes with suggestions for ways the disability community and larger society can support mental health consumers' efforts to freely express their sexuality and combat stigmatizing societal representations of it.
85 citations
TL;DR: A recent study as discussed by the authors indicated that substance abuse is a growing problem among youth and that the problem is even greater among gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and questioning youth. The origin...
Abstract: Recent studies have indicated that substance abuse is a growing problem among youth and that the problem is even greater among gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and questioning youth. The origin...
85 citations
TL;DR: This study examined the attitudes and knowledge of substance abuse counselors regarding lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered (LGBT) clients and found that counselors frequently lacked knowledge about the legal issues of these clients, the concepts of domestic partnership and internalized homophobia, and family issues.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that families headed by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender parents are often invisible in or underserved by the school systems, and that to create important school-home partnerships, schools need to be willing to accommodate them.
Abstract: Families headed by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender parents are often invisible in or underserved by the school systems. To create important school-home partnerships, schools need to beco...
74 citations
01 Jan 2000
66 citations
TL;DR: In this article, school-based harassment and violence toward students perceived to be lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender has been successfully confronted in educational systems across the U.S.
Abstract: School-based harassment and violence toward students perceived to be lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender has been successfully confronted in educational systems across the U.S. A sampling of thes...
62 citations
TL;DR: Heterosexism as an interpersonal dynamic at weddings was examined using feminist critical science as mentioned in this paper, and participants offered a vision of relationships that was based on commitment, rather than heterosexuality or material benefits.
Abstract: Heterosexism as an interpersonal dynamic at weddings was examined using feminist critical science. Data were collected from 45 gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people who attended focus groups. Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender participants described multiple interactions in which they were devalued or hidden, while heterosexuality was elevated, as well as interactions in which they or another family member resisted heterosexism. Weddings were perceived to be difficult, and participation in them was questioned. As part of their critique of weddings, participants offered a vision of relationships that was based on commitment, rather than heterosexuality or material benefits. Results of this study were used to create a brochure and website for educating hetero-sexual people planning weddings.
TL;DR: In this article, a range of transsexual and transgender individuals were interviewed to understand the structural structure of gender at the social level, with inequalities affecting transgender people's health and ability to participate in society as active citizens.
Abstract: Participative research was conducted with a range of transsexual and transgender individuals. Findings outline recent developments among the transsexual and transgender communities, which challenge traditional medical models of transsexuality and transgender. Postmodernism provides a useful base for theorizing alternative models; however, postmodernism and poststructuralism are problematic in terms of their notions of identity and lack of attention to the structuring of gender at the social level. Social structure is suggested to be key in understanding transgender and transsexuality, with inequalities affecting transgender people's health and ability to participate in society as active citizens.
TL;DR: The authors discusses these issues and provides examples of guidelines that may be adopted by nonprofit and community-based organizations to promote and support effective substance abuse countermeasures in LGBT communities, and provides guidelines for industry sponsorship of special events as well as contributions to nonprofit organizations.
Abstract: Emerging research suggests that alcohol, tobacco and drug-related problems may be higher in lesbian and gay communities than in the population as a whole. At the same time, alcohol, tobacco and pharmaceutical industries have increased marketing strategies that are targeted specifically to lesbian and gay communities. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) and HTV/AIDS organizations, often marginalized and under-funded, have frequently faced significant challenges in funding programs and special events. These organizations are often the very same groups needed to promote and support effective substance abuse countermeasures in LGBT communities. Agency leaders, community members, and substance abuse prevention advocates all have a stake in identifying reasonable guidelines for industry sponsorship of special events as well as contributions to nonprofit organizations. This paper discusses these issues and provides examples of guidelines that may be adopted by nonprofit and community based org...
TL;DR: The authors discusses training in the field of school psychology in relation to the needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (sexual minority) youth using the NASP Principles.
Abstract: This article discusses training in the field of school psychology in relation to the needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (sexual minority) youth. Using the NASP Principles...
Book•
01 Jul 2000
TL;DR: The management of ethical dilemmas associated with dual relationships is discussed in this article, where a family working with gay men in groups looking both ways bisexuality and therapy working with people who have been sexually abused in childhood.
Abstract: Notes on Contributors Foreword Introduction Issues of race, culture and sexuality Kink therapy SM and sexual minorities The management of ethical dilemmas associated with dual relationships Issues in HIV/AIDS counselling Expressive therapy freeing the creative self Psychosexual therapy We are family working with gay men in groups Looking both ways bisexuality and therapy Working with people who have been sexually abused in childhood Long term consequences of bullying Gay men and sex clinical issues Transgender issues in therapy Bibliography Index.
Journal Article•
Book•
01 Apr 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the becoming trans: the becoming man - the law's ass brays passing women and female bodied men - (re)claiming FTM history portrait of a transfag drag hag as a young man, the activist career of Louis G. Sullivan exceptional locations - transsexual travelogues.
Abstract: Part 1 Becoming trans: the becoming man - the law's ass brays passing women and female bodied men - (re)claiming FTM history portrait of a transfag drag hag as a young man - the activist career of Louis G. Sullivan exceptional locations - transsexual travelogues. Part 2 Becoming (trans)active: look! no don't! - the visibility dilemma for transsexual men testimonies of HIV activism talking transgender politics a proposal for doing transgender theory in the academy. Part 3 Thinking transsexualism into the new millennium: trans studies - between a metaphysics of presence and absence 50 billion galaxies of gender - transgendering the millennium what does a transsexual want? - the encounter between psychoanalysis and transsexualism never mind the bollocks - trans-theory in the UK.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The authors examines the multitude of troubles confronting transgender prisoners, applying theoretical understandings of the relationship between gender and society, and summarizes gender, transgender identity, and legal issues facing transgender people to contextualize the lives of transgender prisoners.
Abstract: This Article examines the multitude of troubles confronting transgender prisoners, applying theoretical understandings of the relationship between gender and society. Many transgender prisoners have HIV, are people of color, are lesbian, gay, or bisexual, and/or are incarcerated for property crimes or prostitution related to their quest for transformation. Their condition demonstrates flaws both multiple and fundamental in the hierarchization of gender, sexual orientation, race, class, and deviance. Transgendered prisoners' position both behind bars and at society's bottom rung crystallize such problems into an array of intermingled and overwhelming legal dilemmas. This Article first summarizes gender, transgender identity, and legal issues facing transgender people to contextualize the lives of transgender prisoners, questioning the gender binarism used to distinguish "males" from "females." It then explores how corrections authorities, through indifference or incompetence, foster a shockingly inhumane daily existence for transgender prisoners in placement and treatment. We can understand the plight of transgender prisoners through the metaphor of the miners' canary. Transgender prisoners signal the grave dangers facing all of us in a wide array of social structures, elucidating the apparently intractable problems of gender.
TL;DR: Most societies, and the governments that represent them, regard lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (lgbt) people to be immoral, decadent, and a threat to public order as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Most societies, and the governments that represent them, regard lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (lgbt) people to be immoral, decadent, and a threat to public order. Throughout the world, thi...
TL;DR: Investigation of the epidemiology of HIV and syphilis infection and sexual practices among male sex workers in São Paulo, Brazil from 1992 to 1998 found infection was associated more with gender performance and duration of sex work than to recent unsafe sexual practices or recent condom use.
Abstract: To describe the epidemiology of HIV and syphilis infection and sexual practices among male sex workers, we studied 434 transvestites and 96 “hustlers” recruited by peers in the metropolitan area of Sao Paulo, Brazil, from 1992 to 1998. Participants were young adults with low education levels who had recently immigrated to Sao Paulo and supported themselves primarily through sex work. The prevalence of HIV infection among transvestites and hustlers was 40% and 22% respectively, and the prevalence of current or past syphilis was 43% and 27%, respectively. Infection was associated more with gender performance and duration of sex work than to recent unsafe sexual practices or recent condom use. As opposed to hustlers, whose clients came primarily from Sao Paulo and were homosexual, transvestites were more likely to have foreign and heterosexual clients. HIV and syphilis among sex workers are urgent public health problems that require continuous prevention programs for male sex workers and their clients.
Book•
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: A collection of essays by teenagers and adults of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender parents was published by as discussed by the authors, aiming to provide the first step for many in feeling a connection with others who have had similar experiences.
Abstract: A collection of essays by teenagers and adults of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender parents, aiming to provide the first step for many in feeling a connection with others who have had similar experiences. The text offers a variety of personal accounts of achieving one's own sexual identity, coping with homophobia, reaching a modern definition of the family, and related situations.
TL;DR: Transsexual and gender crossing are essentially contested terms within and outside trans communities, and part of what is at stake in these texts is the relation between established sex, gender, and sexuality labels on the one hand, and these emergent categories on the other as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Representing the best popular and scholarly contributions to transgender/ sex studies, and with their mutual concern with female-to-male sex and gender crossing (among other topics), these three books mark an important shift in scholarship on gender and sexuality. Trans studies has reached a level of autonomy and sophistication that firmly establishes it as a field with its own theoretical and political questions. Of course, connections to feminist and queer theory are still very apparent in these texts, and all three authors are committed-to varying degrees-to reading trans identities against the backdrop of male dominance and heteronormativity. It's no longer enough, however, for feminist readers to dismiss the projects of trans theorists and activists as epiphenomenal to feminist discourses or even queer theory, or to view trans studies as an optional extra in discussions of sex and gender. These books represent the best arguments against this position, and thus offer a new challenge to the inclusivity, scope, and terms of "women's studies." "Transsexual" and "transgender" are essentially contested terms within and outside trans communities, and part of what is at stake in these texts is the relation between established sex, gender, and sexuality labels on the one hand, and these emergent categories on the other. "Trans-" terms capture various kinds of sex and gender crossing, and various levels of permanence to these transitions: from medical technologies that transform sexed bodies, to cross-dressing, to passing, to a certain kind of "lifeplot, " to being legible as one's birth sex but with a "contradictory" gender inflection. For some, the adjective "transsexed" captures the specific project of changing one's sexed body through surgery and hormones, while for others it more broadly describes a distinctive form of narrative. "Transgendered" might describe any project of gender crossing or blend-
Book•
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: Eskridge and Hunter's Sexuality, Gender and the Law as discussed by the authors provides detailed information on the sexuality, gender, and the law, including the rapidly developing field of transgender law as well as federal court developments in the areas of same-sex sexual harassment, discrimination against transgendered persons as gender discrimination, and pregnancy discrimination.
Abstract: Eskridge and Hunter's Sexuality, Gender and the Law provides detailed information on the sexuality, gender, and the law. It covers the rapidly developing field of transgender law as well as federal court developments in the areas of same-sex sexual harassment, discrimination against transgendered persons as gender discrimination, and pregnancy discrimination and legally defining gender. Specific court decisions on custody, sexual orientation discrimination in jury selection, and gender identity are included and there is an appendix with an annotated list of the best web sites for research on issues of sexuality and gender law.
Journal Article•
Book•
01 Jan 2000
01 Jan 2000
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The authors examined the lives of six sex workers of Maori or Pacific Island background who live in south Auckland, New Zealand and who took part in a larger research project, Frayed at the Margins: Underclass Men Who Have Sex with Men.
Abstract: This paper examines the lives of six sex workers of Maori or Pacific Island background who live in south Auckland, New Zealand and who took part in a larger research project, Frayed at the Margins: Underclass Men Who Have Sex with Men. All six were 'gender-liminal'; that is, they had adopted attributes associated with a gender other than their own. This term is used in order not to assume Western sexual identity categories such as 'transgender' or 'gay'. The interviewees spoke in contradictory ways about their sex and gender, describing themselves as a combination of queen, fa'afafine, woman and/or girl. They all began sex work at a young age, usually precipitated by violence or abuse at home and school. Most were too young to be eligible for government assistance and had begun sex work to survive. It could be expected that the women in this study would also be doing risky sex with clients. Instead, most had found ways of staying relatively safe by providing oral sex and/or masturbation, and few had anal sex with clients. In fact, they are all very conscious about safe sex and most use condoms for oral sex. The combination of structural and social factors acting against these young sex workers creates enormous problems. And yet the participants in this study showed remarkable resilience, resistance, fortitude and courage in the face of sometimes overwhelming odds. They display a human resilience, agency and ability to carry on and carve out a life in the face of structural, economic and social disadvantage. (author abstract)