Showing papers on "Turbinaria ornata published in 2017"

Structural characterization and evaluation of mosquito-larvicidal property of silver nanoparticles synthesized from the seaweed, Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh 1848.

Abstract: The silver nanoparticles synthesized from Turbinaria ornata (To-AgNPs) showed spherical with crystalline nature (20-32 nm) was evaluated against fourth instar larvae of three mosquitoes. The maximum activity of To-AgNPs was recorded on Aedes aegypti followed by Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus with the following lethal concentration values (μg/ml): LC50 of 0.738, 1.134, and 1.494; and LC90 of 3.342, 17.982, and 22.475, respectively. The obtained respective values (μg/ml) vis-a-vis aqueous extract (To-AE) were: 2.767 and 40.577; 4.347 and 158.399, and 7.351 and 278.994. The findings revealed that To-AgNPs could form a base for the development of an eco-friendly, low-cost pesticide.

Distribution and biological implications of plastic pollution on the fringing reef of Mo'orea, French Polynesia.

Abstract: Coral reef ecosystems of the South Pacific are extremely vulnerable to plastic pollution from oceanic gyres and land-based sources. To describe the extent and impact of plastic pollution, the distribution of both macro- (>5 mm) and microplastic (plastic < 5 mm) of the fringing reef of an isolated South Pacific island, Mo'orea, French Polynesia was quantified. Macroplastic was found on every beach on the island that was surveyed. The distribution of this plastic was categorized by site type and by the presence of Turbinaria ornata, a common macroalgae on Mo'orea. Microplastics were discovered in the water column of the fringing reef of the island, at a concentration of 0.74 pieces m-2. Additionally, this study reports for the first time the ingestion of microplastic by the corallimorpha Discosoma nummiforme. Microplastics were made available to corallimorph polyps in a laboratory setting over the course of 108 h. Positively and negatively buoyant microplastics were ingested, and a microplastic particle that was not experimentally introduced was also discovered in the stomach cavity of one organism. This study indicates that plastic pollution has the potential to negatively impact coral reef ecosystems of the South Pacific, and warrants further study to explore the broader potential impacts of plastic pollution on coral reef ecosystems.

Seaweed allelopathy to corals: are active compounds on, or in, seaweeds?

Abstract: Numerous seaweeds produce secondary metabolites that are allelopathic to corals. To date, most of the compounds identified in this interaction are lipid-soluble instead of water-soluble. Thus, understanding whether these compounds are stored internally where they would not contact corals, or occur on external surfaces where they could be transferred to corals, is critical to understanding seaweed–coral interactions and to informing realistic experiments on chemically mediated interactions. We conducted field experiments assessing the effects of lipid-soluble extracts from macroalgal surfaces alone versus total lipid-soluble extracts from both internal and external tissues on the coral Pocillopora verrucosa. Extracts of the red algae Amansia rhodantha and Asparagopsis taxiformis, the green alga Chlorodesmis fastigiata, and the brown alga Dictyota bartayresiana suppressed coral photochemical efficiency; in these bioactive species, the total lipid-soluble extracts were not more potent than surface-only extracts despite the concentration of total extracts being many times greater than surface-only extracts. This suggests that previous assays with total extracts may be ecologically meaningful, but also that future assays should be conducted with the simpler, less concentrated, and more ecologically relevant surface extracts. Allelopathic effects of As. taxiformis and C. fastigiata were significantly greater than the effect of D. bartayresiana, with effects of Am. rhodantha intermediate between these groups. Neither surface-only nor total lipid-soluble extracts of the seaweed Turbinaria ornata were allelopathic, and its lack of potency differed significantly from all other species. Our results suggest that lipid-soluble, allelopathic compounds are usually deployed on seaweed surfaces where they can be effective in surface-mediated interactions against other species.

Influence of Species, Geographic Location, Seasonal Variation and Extraction Method on the Fucoidan Yield of the Brown Seaweeds of Gulf of Mannar, India

Abstract: Brown seaweeds such as Sargassum wightii, S. oligocystum, Padina tetrastromatica and Turbinaria ornata were collected from two locations, Valinokkam and Hare Island in Gulf of Mannar, South East coast of India, to extract fucoidan and to analyze its variation in the yield for a period from July 2012 to January 2013. Water and acid extraction methods were followed to extract fucoidan. Water extraction yielded much higher fucoidan (9.46±0.18) than acid method (1.63±0.05). The yield of fucoidan also varied between the species, season and also geographic location. The highest yield was obtained from P. tetrastromatica (9.46±0.18%) followed by T. ornata (5.83±0.07%) and S. wightii (3.90±0.05%). The yield was higher during maturation stage of the algae, which was September for T. ornata and S. wightii and January for P. tetrastromatica. Seaweeds found in shallow region gave higher yield (Hare Island) than those collected from more than 1 m depth in Valinokkam region. Compositional analysis of fucoidan revealed that sulphate content was higher in T. ornata (24.27±0.85%) than P. tetrastromatica (22.70±0.53%) and S. wightii (18.73±0.82%). The fucose content was higher in P. tetrastromatica (54.51±1.08) and lower in S. oligocystum(43.16±3.21). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy carried out for the two dominant species viz. P. tetrastromatica and S. oligocystum, showed a major broad band centered around 3448 cm-1 assigned to be due to hydrogen bonded O-H stretching vibration. Another two bands appeared at 723 cm-1 and 601 cm-1 seem to be the characteristic of C-O-S stretching of sulfate group and C=C-H stretching vibration, respectively in both the species. However, the major differences among the species were the presence of a minor band at 2103.73 cm-1 in P. tetrastromatica and slight shifts noticed in sulphate group band.

Epiphytic Microalgal Dynamics and Species Composition on Brown Seaweeds ( Phaeophyceae ) on the Northern Coast of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract: Epiphytic microalgae grow on host seaweeds. Seaweeds are multicellular macro-algae, which are abundant in intertidal zones of coastal environments. The report on epiphytic microalgae is rare in the Red Sea. Thus, an investigation on epiphytic microalgae was carried on northern coast of Jeddah, the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. The Red Sea is narrow oceanic basin which is lying between the African and the Asian continental shelves. During the study, 4 species of seaweeds were recorded in Phaeophyceae which were Laminaria sp., Padina fraseri, Sargassum muticum and Turbinaria ornata. A total of 83 epiphytic microalgae were identified, including 76 belong to Bacillariophyceae, 5 belong to Cyanophyceae, 1 belongs to Chlorophyceae and 1 belongs to Dinophyceae. On seaweeds of Laminaria sp., the dominant epiphytes were Leptocylindrus danicus, Licmophora flabellata and Navicula ramosissma. On seaweeds Padina fraseri, the dominant epiphytes were Cylindrotheca closterium, Navicula sp., Nitzschia sp. and Prorocentrum lima and Cocconeis lineatus. On seaweeds of Sargassum muticum, the dominant epiphytes were Navicula distans, Nitzschia socialis and Navicula vanhoeffeni. On seaweeds Turbinaria ornata, the dominant epiphytes were Leptocylindrus minimus, Bacillaria paxillifer, Leptocylindrus danicus, Nitzschia hungarica and Thalassionema frauenfeldii. The host seaweeds influenced the associated diatoms mainly through its morphology and surface texture and roughness to provide a point of attachment and shelter for host-adapted species. Most of the dominant epiphytes were in smaller cell size diatoms, except Cylindrotheca closterium. The findings of the study focused on individual species of benthic marine diatoms associated with specific seaweeds species even in different regions of the Red Sea in different seasons of Saudi Arabia. These findings could be the important source for future explanation of marine eco-biogeographical phenomena in the Red Sea.

Partial Replacement of Fishmeal with Marine Algae Turbinaria ornata and Gracilaria corticata for Sustainable Culture of the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Abstract: This study was conducted to assess whether edible seaweeds, Turbinaria ornata and Gracilaria corticata can be partially replaced the fishmeal to promote the growth of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL).Control was prepared with fishmeal, groundnut oilcake and soy bean meal as protein sources, wheat bran as carbohydrate source, sun flavor oil as lipid source, and topica flour and egg albumin as binding agents. Isonitric experimental diets were prepared by 25% and 50% replacements of the fish meal with T. ornata and G. corticata separately. These feeds were fed to M. rosenbergii PL for 90 days. Among these 25% fishmeal replaced diets with T. ornata and G. corticata produced significantly better survival and growth when compared with control. Among the fishmeal replacement seaweeds, G. carticata was performed better than that of T. ornata. The 50% replacements of the fishmeal showed poor performance when compared with control. In the 25% fishmeal replaced categories, the muscle total protein, amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid and ash, profiles of proteins, amino acids and fatty acids, and activities of digestive enzymes, such as protease, amylase and lipase were elevated due to the influence of T. ornata and G. corticata. Thus, 25% replacement of the fishmeal with these algae is recommended for sustainable production of M. rosenbergii.

Preliminary phytochemical analysis, in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh

Abstract: In the exploration of bioactive compounds from Turbinaria ornata a brown algae, the present study deals with preliminary phytochemicals analysis of Turbinaria ornata with different solvents along with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities Turbinaria ornata methanolic extract (TOME) has been investigated for its total antioxidant activity, in vitro free radical scavenging and antioxidant potential by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-pricrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay, reducing power assay, Nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide scavenging assays. The anti-hemolysis and anti-inflammatory activities in RBC model of blood collected from healthy volunteers of 22–25 years age were done. The results of the present study proved that Turbinaria ornata is rich in bioactive compounds. Turbinaria ornata Methanolic extract (TOME) constitutes carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, coumarines, steroids and terpenoids. FTIR spectrum of the TOME showed the peaks at range of 3903.6, 3838.2, 3750.0, 3397.0, 2928.9, 2363.9, 1637.0, 1419.1, 1078.9 and 668.6 which are similar to the FTIR spectrum of standard gallic acid. TOME at the concentration of 100μg shows 89.11% of total antioxidant activity. The free radicals NO, H2O2 and SOD scavenging activity are increased with increase in the concentration of TOME. TOME at selected concentrations (0.5 mg/ml, 0.75 mg/ml, 1mg/ml) shows significant reduction in H2O2 induced hemolysis. Increase in TOME concentrations increased the human RBC membrane stabilization, the higher concentration level (500μg/ml) shows about 81% of anti-inflammatory activity which is significant as the standard Diclofenac. Thus Turbinaria ornata with potent bioactive compounds shows appreciable antioxidant activity, prevents H2O2 induced hemolysis and inflammation in human RBC model. Further in vivo studies, NMR assay, drug leads and molecular level investigations will be done to bring out the medicinal value of the Turbinaria ornata in treating different diseases due to the assault of free radicals and inflammation.