Showing papers on "Turbinaria ornata published in 2019"

A Rapidly Expanding Macroalga Acts as a Foundational Species Providing Trophic Support and Habitat in the South Pacific

Abstract: Foundation species facilitate associated communities and provide key ecosystem functions, making anthropogenically driven phase-shifts involving these species critically important. One well-documented such phase-shift has been from coral to algal domination on tropical reefs. On South Pacific coral reefs, the macroalga Turbinaria ornata has expanded its range and habitat but, unlike algae that often dominate after phase-shifts, T. ornata is structurally complex and generally unpalatable to herbivores. Therefore, it may serve a foundational role on coral reefs, such as providing habitat structure to more palatable primary producers and corresponding trophic support to fishes. We predicted increasing T. ornata density would facilitate growth of associated algae, resulting in a positive trophic cascade to herbivorous fish. An experiment manipulating T. ornata densities showed a unimodal relationship between T. ornata and growth of understory algae, with optimal growth occurring at the most frequent natural density. Epiphyte cover also increased with density until the same optimum, but remained high with greater T. ornata densities. Foraging by herbivorous fishes increased linearly with T. ornata density. An herbivore exclusion experiment confirmed T. ornata facilitated epiphytes, but resource use of epiphytes by herbivores, though significant, was not affected by T. ornata density. Therefore, T. ornata performs foundational roles because it provides novel habitat to understory and epiphytic macroalgae and trophic support to consumers, though likely this function is at the expense of the original foundational corals.

Anti-candidal and anti-virulence efficiency of selected seaweeds against azole resistance Candida albicans

Abstract: Candidiasis in the genital region induces serious infections that can be faced by sexually active women worldwide. Especially, the therapeutic failure of Candida species in the past decades has garnered significant research focus. In this study, we investigated the anti microbial activities of six different seaweeds (red, green and brown) were collected from the Gulf of Mannar region using well diffusion and micro dilution technique. An average zone of inhibition obtained were ranged frim 0 to 17 mm. Among the different seaweeds, the methanol extract of Dictyota bartayresiana was more susceptible (17.4±0.62 mm) and Chaetomorpha sp was least effective (12.29±0.99 mm) against Candida albicans. However, the zones of inhibition of methanolic extract of seaweeds were several folds higher than the fluconazole. Micro dilution and time dependent kinetics studies revealed that all the seaweeds have only moderate activity towards C. albicans and MFC/MIC show less than 4 for all tested extracts. Conversely, DCM extract of Turbinaria ornata showed minimum inhibitory for Candida biofilm. The results clearly confirmed that all the extract represent the fungistatic mechanism of inhibition rather than fungicidal except amphotericin B, suggesting that instead of using seaweed extract for killing C. albicans better to use to prevent their virulence property.

Studies on Proximate Composition and Phytochemical Profiling of Turbinaria ornata and its Antiproliferative Effect on Y79 Cell Lines

Abstract: Marine brown algae Turbinaria ornata (T. ornata) that grows along Tamilnadu coast (Gulf of Mannar) were collected to study the composition of major and minor nutrients, phytochemical constituents and to evaluate the cytotoxic effect. Proximate composition of this brown seaweed was investigated by the determination of moisture, ash, protein, lipid and carbohydrate. The mineral content was analyzed using Inductive Coupled Plasma- Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). In general, the results of proximate analysis showed that moisture content (83.62%) was most abundant followed by carbohydrate (43.7% dry weight), ash content (23.4%) protein (5.4% dry weight) and lipid (1.9% dry weight). This work presents the data on the mineral content such as manganese, sodium, magnesium, potassium, zinc etc. of the brown algae. The chemical components present in the methanolic extract of the sample were analyzed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The presence of secondary metabolites illustrate that this brown seaweed T. ornata can be harnessed for their biomedical potentials. Apart from this, the methanolic extract extracted also showed cytotoxic activity against human retinoblastoma Y79 cell lines and the Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) was found to be at 6.37 μg/mL. Further research should be explored for the beneficial application of T. ornata as a potent therapeutic tool against cancer.

Phytochemical analysis, in vitro antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity of Turbinaria ornata in human RBC model

Abstract: Turbinaria ornata methanolic extract (TOME) with more bioactive compounds has been investigated for its in vitro total antioxidant activity, DPPH scavenging assay, reducing power assay, and antioxidant potential. Anti-hemolysis and antiinflammatory activities were studied in human RBC model. Our preliminary phytochemical analysis showed that TOME constitutes carbohydrates, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, coumarines, steroids, and terpenoids. TOME at the concentration of 100 μg showed 89.11% of total antioxidant activity. The free radicals NO, H2O2 and SOD scavenging activities were enhanced with an increase in the concentration of TOME. Further, TOME at selected 0.5, 0.75 and 1(mg/ml) concentrations showed significant reduction in H2O2-induced hemolysis. The higher dose of 500 μg/ml (among selected concentrations) showed about 81 % of anti-inflammatory activity through enhanced stabilization of RBC membrane which was significant as the positive control diclofenac sodium. Thus our study clearly elucidated that Turbinaria ornata with potent bioactivities inhibited free radicals assault and prevented inflammation in RBC model.

Antifungal Activity of Methanolic Extract of the Brown Seaweed Turbinaria ornata (Turner) J. Agardh, from Tomini Bay against Candida albicans

Abstract: The brown seaweed Turbinaria ornata has been reported to possess diverse biological activities. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of Turbinaria ornata seaweed collected from Tomini Bay against Candida albicans and determine the compounds that might contribute to the antifungal activity. Turbinaria ornata seaweed extract was obtained by maceration using methanol 96% for 3 × 24 h. The filtrate obtained was then evaporated by rotary evaporator to obtain a viscous extract. Antifungal activity was tested using the agar diffusion method. Antifungal compounds were determined by bioautographic-TLC and identified using TLC reagent spray. The results showed that the methanolic extract of Turbinaria ornata possessed an inhibition zone with a diameter of 22.28 mm ± 0.63. Bioautographic-TLC test with eluent of n-hexane:ethyl acetate (7:3) found that a terpenoid (Rf value 0.71) appeared to contribute to the antifungal activity

Biodiversity and Potential Use of Macro Algae in Pesisir Barat Lampung

Abstract: Pesisir Barat Regency in Lampung has abundant marine biological wealth that has not been widely known and utilized by the community, one of them is macro algae. The objectives of the research were to identify the types of macro algae and to explains the potential use of macro algae in the Pesisir Barat Lampung Region. The study used cruise method. The findings were identified by experts to validate the results of classification, morphology, and qualitative studies regarding the potential use and benefits of macro algae. From the results of this study, 15 species of macro algae were found on Tanjung Setia Beach included; 3 species of green algae (Chlorophyta) consist of Halimeda opuntia L., Caulerpa racemosa F., Ulva lactuca L .; 7 species of brown algae (Phaeophyta) consist of Padina pavonica L., Padina australis H., Sargassum vulgare C.A., Sargassum polycystum C.A., Turbinaria ornata J.A ., Turbinaria ornata J.A ., Fucus vesiculosus L.; and 5 species of red algae (Rhodophyta), consist of Corallina officinalis L., Gigartina pistilla S ., Gigartina disticha S., Gracilaria verrucosa , H., Rhodymenia pseudopalmat J.V.L.The benefits of this research for society to provide insight into the potential use of macro algae which can be utilized in many fields. For students, provide information on the biodiversity of macro algae in the sea.

Effect of Marine Alga ( Turbinaria Ornata ) Mixed Diet on Some Aspects of Biology of Post Larval Macrobrachium Rosenbergii

Abstract: The possibility of inclusion of hexanic, acetonic and methanolic extracts of Turbinaria ornata as aqua feed additive was assessed by evaluating its growth promoting potential on Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae (PL). The each solvent extract of T. ornata was incorporated at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% with basal diet prepared using fish meal, groundnut oilcake, soy bean meal, wheat bran, sun flavor oil, tapioca flour and egg albumin, and fed to M. rosenbergii PL for 90 days. On the final day, the survival and nutritional indices including weight gain, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio, the contents of basic biochemical constituents (total protein, carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid and fatty acid), and activities of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and lipase) were found to be improved significantly (P 0.05). Therefore, T. ornata extract was not toxic to M. rosenbergii PL. Thus, it is recommended as a feed additive for sustainable aquaculture development.