Showing papers on "Underdevelopment published in 2009"

A History of Bangladesh

Abstract: Bangladesh is a new name for an old land whose history is little known to the wider world. A country chiefly famous in the West for media images of poverty, underdevelopment, and natural disasters, Bangladesh did not exist as an independent state until 1971. Willem van Schendel's history reveals the country's vibrant, colourful past and its diverse culture as it navigates the extraordinary twists and turns that have created modern Bangladesh. The story begins with the early geological history of the delta which has decisively shaped Bangladesh society. The narrative then moves chronologically through the era of colonial rule, the partition of Bengal, the war with Pakistan and the birth of Bangladesh as an independent state. In so doing, it reveals the forces that have made Bangladesh what it is today. This is an eloquent introduction to a fascinating country and its resilient and inventive people.

Rent Preservation and the Persistence of Underdevelopment

Abstract: When citizens in a poor constrained society are unequally endowed, they are likely to find it hard to agree on reforms, even though the status quo hurts them collectively. Each citizen group or constituency prefers reforms that expand its opportunities, but in an unequal society, this will typically hurt another constituency's rents. Competitive rent preservation ensures no comprehensive reform path may command broad support. The roots of underdevelopment may therefore lie in the natural tendency toward rent preservation in a divided society.

The Return of the Greek Patient: Greece and the 2008 Global Financial Crisis

Abstract: The 2008 financial crisis found the Greek economy in a position of fiscal vulnerability, given the large public debt, and structural weaknesses, demonstrated in a huge current account deficit. The banking system was relatively robust, but exposed to imported risks from the emerging Southeast European markets. The government adopted a ‘financial crisis reaction plan’. Its reaction affirmed long-lasting features of Greece's ‘credit-based’, partly state-controlled financial system. Sectors most visibly affected by the crisis are housing construction, tourism, shipping and the small–medium enterprise sector. Paradoxically, some facets of relative underdevelopment of the Greek model of capitalism are serving to mitigate the intensity of the crisis.

Desarrollo, subdesarrollo, maldesarrollo y postdesarrollo una mirada transdisciplinar sobre el debate y sus implicaciones

Abstract: This paper analyzes some of the theoretical and methodological issues related with the concept of development, taking in account the experience of the last decades and its influence towards the concept itself. This approach begins from the origins and basis of the idea of progress in the classical thought, and describes the progressive reductionism of the concept of development and the limits of other categories of the analysis –as underdevelopment– to describe human well being. Lastly, this essay exposes some of the main methodological problems that have to be faced to propose an alternative notion of development.

The expansion of mass education in twentieth century latin america: a global comparative perspective *

Abstract: This paper studies the expansion of mass education in Latin America in the twentieth century from a global comparative perspective. The paper argues that expansion in terms of enrolment and attainment levels was quite impressive. A comparative analysis of the grade enrolment distribution demonstrates, however, that the rapid expansion of primary school enrolment did not correspond with an equally impressive improvement in educational quality. The persistently large tertiary education bias in public education spending suggests that part of the poor quality performance is related to a lack of fscal support for primary education and that the political economy explanation for educational underdevelopment, as advanced by Engerman, Mariscal and Sokoloff for the 19th century, still applied to Latin America during most of the 20th century.

Cultural Values, Economic Growth and Development

Abstract: Neo-liberal economics is built upon the claim that the freedom to pursue one’s self-interest and rational choice leads to economic growth and development. Against this background neo-liberal economists and policymakers endeavoured to universalise this claim, and insistently argue that appropriate economic policies produce the same results regardless of cultural values. Accordingly, developing countries are often advised to embrace the neo-liberal economic credo for them to escape from the trap of underdevelopment. However, the economic success of South East Asia on the one hand and the failure of economic development in sub-Saharan Africa on the other, are increasingly proving that the ‹economic’ argument cannot be taken dogmatically: self-interest and rationality do not seem to be the sufficient explanations for economic development. One other avenue to be taken seriously is the link between cultural values and economic development. After viewing the principle of self-interest against its historico-cultural background, I consider this link in the African context, and argue that, although they cannot be taken as the sole factor, people’s cultural beliefs and values are crucial for economic development. Economic growth and development need to be a substantiation of a people’s beliefs and values. In African value system, this substantiation could lead to what one would call ‹ubuntu economy’ in which the state, the markets and the people are all agents, and not patients, in the process of economic growth and development.

Open distance learning in the developing world : trends, progress and challenges

Abstract: The term “Developing World” is at once evocative and deceptive and, according to Raymond Williams, even “flattering”. Intrinsic to the term are layers of meaning drawn from the ordering of the world and the power relations that distinguish between the namers and the named; the centre and the periphery. It is redolent also of the fact that there are in reality two worlds – one steeped in privilege, power, resources and control over its destiny and the fortunes of others; the other its direct antithesis. By virtue of naming, this ‘other’ world reveals the pervasive intellectual and economic hegemonies that have come to be taken for granted in contemporary political discourse. The description suggests, according to Williams, that “economies and societies pass through predictable stages of development according to a known model.” The condition of ‘underdevelopment’ reflects an externally imposed set of circumstances which societies and nations may have inadequate resources to respond to. The critique of these attitudes and processes may be expressed in terms of aid and not partnership, unequal power relations and “imposed processes of development for a world market controlled by others.” (Williams: 104). Williams concludes that

An overview of environmental issues in Southern Africa

Abstract: This paper provides an overview of some of the significant environmental problems in the Southern African region. The key problems highlighted are global warming and climate variability, loss of biodiversity, deforestation, desertification-land degradation, waste and littering, population growth, urbanization, pollution, poverty and health hazards. These problems present a challenge to governments and other players within and outside Southern Africa to seek for long-term solutions by addressing the root causes of these problems. The paper notes that although the environmental problems facing the Southern African region are being tackled at national, regional and international levels, there is more that can be done. At the national level, the different agencies and players, both within and outside government need to strengthen coordination and implementation of key interventions in different sectors in both rural and urban areas. At the African regional and international levels, there is a need to address geopolitical forces and issues that contribute to the underdevelopment of the African region. Among the major issues are poor terms of international trade, political instability, poverty, declining economic performance and international debt.

Human Development as Integral Development: The Social Teaching of the Church in an African Context

Abstract: It has been commonly held that the main cause of underdevelopment is the lack of capital. This dissertation is based on the observation that underdevelopment still persists in Kenya despite billions of dollars in foreign aid from Western Europe and North America. The main focus of this dissertation is an attempt to understand an effective remedial action to such an economic situation of underdevelopment. The dissertation seeks to find the remedy for underdevelopment by the methodological means of demonstrating how a holistic understanding of human development entails integral development in Kenya. The thesis and the overview of this dissertation are in the introduction. The claim that Kenya is still a developing nation is demonstrated in the first chapter. Chapter two seeks a holistic understanding of human development as integral development with a view to overcoming underdevelopment in the methodological light of the pre-Vatican II social teaching of the Church. Chapter three illustrates such a holistic understanding as a rights-based concept of human development. Chapter four attempts to specify the post-conciliar holistic understanding of human development as integral development with a view to overcoming underdevelopment. Chapter five seeks the remedy for underdevelopment within the conceptual framework of a rights-based understanding of human development as integral development. The concluding chapter six seeks to contextualize the findings of the dissertation within the historical background of the nation-state of Kenya. It proposes a cross-cultural encounter between African socialism and Western liberalism. This chapter concludes with other propositions for a mutual complementation or reciprocal enrichment between the African Weltanschauung and Western thought, for example, in the interdisciplinary field of inculturated African ethics.

Who's Turn to Eat? The Political Economy of Roads in Kenya

Abstract: By reducing trade costs and promoting economic specialization across regions, transportation infrastructure is a determining factor of growth. Yet, developing countries are characterized by infrastructure underdevelopment, the general lack of funding being often mentioned as the main reason for it. Then, even when such investments are realized, the welfare gains associated to them might be captured by political elites that are strong enough to influence their allocation across space. We study this issue by investigating the political economy of road placement in Kenya, an African country where politicians are said to favour individuals from their region of origin or who share their ethnicity. Combining district-level panel data on road building with historical data on the ethnicity and district of birth of political leaders, we show that presidents disproportionately invest in their district of birth and those regions where their ethnicity is dominant. It also seems that the second most powerful ethnic group in the cabinet and the district of birth of the public works minister receive more paved roads. In the end, a large share of road investments over the period can be explained by political appointments, which denotes massive and well-entrenched ethno-favoritism in Kenyan politics. JEL classification codes: H41, H54, O12, O55, P16 ∗Robin Burgess, Department of Economics and STICERD, London School of Economics (e-mail: r.burgess@lse.ac.uk). Remi Jedwab, Paris School of Economics and STICERD, London School of Economics (e-mail: r.c.jedwab@lse.ac.uk). Edward Miguel, Department of Economics, University of California, Berkeley and NBER (email: emiguel@econ.berkeley.edu). Ameet Morjaria, Department of Economics and STICERD, London School of Economics (e-mail: a.morjaria@lse.ac.uk). Acknowledgements: We are extremely grateful to seminar participants at LSE and PSE for their helpful comments. Rashmi Harimohan, Jaya Kanoria, Anne Mbugua and Priya Mukherjee provided excellent research assistance. We are grateful to Michelin (Paris) for the permission to use their historical maps and to Marie Pailloncy-Ruat and Michele Gladieux for their assistance. We thank Francis Herbert for his assistance and patience at the Royal Geographic Society (London). Lastly, we are grateful to the DFID Program on Improving Institutions for Pro-Poor Growth for funding the data collection.

Understanding Latin American political economy: varieties of capitalism or fiscal sociology?

Abstract: Ben Schneider and David Soskice trace the origins and reproduction of Latin America's ‘hierarchical’ market economies to the perverse synergy of: 1) free-market economic reforms that systematically atomize (or demobilize) low-income constituencies; 2) majoritarian presidential elections that no less systematically ensure middle-class support for an upper-class agenda marked by labour market dualism, educational elitism, corporate conglomeration, and associational underdevelopment; and 3) proportionally-elected legislatures that are particularly susceptible to corporate influence. I worry that in their haste to incorporate Latin America into the varieties of capitalism framework, however, Schneider and Soskice: 1) overlook the Iberian roots of the region's principal economic institutions; 2) confuse symptoms like ignorance, informality, and corporate conglomeration with causes like inequality and fiscal underdevelopment; and 3) ignore not only the possibility but the likelihood of left-wing mobili...

Regional Planning and Development Theories

Abstract: A historical look at the evolution of regional planning and regional development theories through four phases: early approaches based on resource development and environmental preservation, a second phase of welfare regionalism aimed at achieving efficient and equitable economic development at a national scale, the emergence after 1980 of a highly competitive entrepreneurial regionalism based on neoliberal ideas, and the contemporary development of a new regionalism as a cultural and political force and as the foundation for a new approach to regional planning and regional development theory. Particular attention is given to the close relations between the theory and practice of regional planning and the work of human geographers. Concluding the discussion of the new regionalism is the claim that the concepts of region and regionalism are today being given more serious attention than ever before in global, national, and urban politics and policy, as well as in the development of social, economic, and political theory.

Colonial experience and postcolonial underdevelopment in Africa

Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the connection between the history of colonial rule and postcolonial development in Africa We focus on the fact that many African colonies were governed by indirect rule Under indirect rule, indigenous people are divided into two groups: a privileged ruling group and an unprivileged ruled group Our model assumes that the ruled group cannot observe how the resources appropriated from them are divided between the colonial ruler and the ruling group In this economy, excessive exploitation by the colonial ruler creates distrust among indigenous groups and a negative effect on postcolonial economic and political development

Empowering governmentalities rather than women: the arab human development report 2005 and western development logics

Abstract: The researchers and writers of the Arab Human Development Report 2005 (AHDR 2005) include activists, social critics, intellectuals, and feminists who aspire for izdihār (flourishing) in the Arab world “based on a peaceful process of negotiation for redistributing power and building good governance.” This passage suggests that the aims the AHDR 2005 shares with the previous three volumes are to encourage state apparatuses and officials to transform themselves by changing policies and surrendering some of the power and resources they have fortified vis-a-vis their citizenries. This article argues that rather than encouraging the rise of women or any group interested in political or social transformation, the AHDR 2005 works within a U.N. development framework that strengthens states and political elites in relation to their populations by constituting the former as the causes of underdevelopment and thus the primary agents for economic, social, and political improvement.

Migration, Diasporas and Development: Some Critical Perspectives

Abstract: This article poses three questions about the recent resurgence of academic and policy interest in migration, development and diasporas. First, over many years the connection between migration and development has been of marginal interest for many of those involved in the field of development studies; in many cases, where it has been considered, migration has been seen as a symptom of a development failure and cause of further underdevelopment. What has changed to bring about the dramatic turnaround in views in the last decade? Second, governments and development organisations are increasingly focusing on the role of 'diasporas' in the process of development. The attempts to co-opt diasporas into existing development practice tend to assume that they share a common set of interests and aspirations with the development industry. Here, we ask who is included within these diasporas and why should they be expected to contribute to development? This leads to the third question: what is the nature of development in which we are anticipating that the migration process and diasporas should play a role? This article argues that existing models of development are inherently sedentary and struggle to incorporate migration. In the increasingly mobile world new concepts of development are required. An open and critical dialogue between diaspora members and the development industry may help to achieve this.

Radical Political Economy

Abstract: Radical political economy emerged out of critique of capitalism from conceptual and moral grounds, and developed in conjunction with the trade-union and left-wing political movements. Unlike neoclassical economics, which takes market foundation of economy for granted and eternal, radical political economy treats economy as a social organization and maintains ephemerality of market system, as well as capitalism. In Capital, Marx put forward that capitalist economy is a particular kind of market economy where labor power is also commodified. In this analysis Marx sublimated moral critique into conceptual and offered conceptual base to radical political economy. There are three main contributions in Capital: (1) fetishism of commodity, (2) surplus value, and (3) law of tendential fall of profit. After Marx, researches extended to crisis theory, monopoly capital and imperialism, management of socialist economy, etc. In spite of oppression arising from the Cold War, the anti-Vietnam War Movement instigated resurrection of radical political economy, and the Union of Radical Political Economics was founded in the US in 1968. Their agenda included economic segmentation and poverty, labor process and the firm, crisis theory, dependency, theories of state, culture, and ideology. When it comes to globalization, however, radical political economists tend to view it from the dependency perspective of dependency theories, which interpret the problem of underdevelopment homological to capital–labor relations transposed horizontally across space. This simplistic argument can be rectified and radical political economy conceptually enriched through closer interface with critical economic geography to formulate a real ‘middle-range theory’. Economic geography can also be placed on a more critical and conceptually robust foundation by incorporating crisis theory, neocolonialism, dependency, and new international division of labor (NIDL) theories.

Local sustainable development and spatial cohesion in the post-transition Balkans: in search of a developmental model

Abstract: The transition process that started in the Balkans some twenty years ago, and the European association process to which it has been inexorably connected, has led to a radical transformation of the Balkan economic space across local, regional, national and trans-national levels Amongst the other effects that this have had, was the emergence of new and acute socio-economic dichotomies (polarisation) and problems of persistent underdevelopment, peripherality-rurality and economic dependence In this paper we review the policies that have been applied to address these issues and examine the relevance of contemporary concepts of local economic development for the mobilisation of cohesive and sustainable development in the Balkans We examine how the main elements of the new regionalist developmental strategy relate to the basic dimensions of socio-spatial infrastructure in the Balkans and identify the key weaknesses of the latter We conclude by proposing a wider regional strategy that will be able to resolve the existing deficiencies by means of a regional cooperation approach that will seek to maximise intra-regional synergies and develop local and regional comparative advantages and the provision of similar public goods

Institutional woes of participation: Bulgarian disabled people’s organisations and policy‐making

Abstract: This paper presents a critical study of the participation of Bulgarian disabled people’s organisations in the policy‐making process on a national level. It describes how the ‘representatives’ of disabled Bulgarians become depoliticised and even depersonalised when their participation becomes institutionalised through the National Council on Integration of People with Disabilities. It is argued that such an instance of ‘participation’ actually sustains the status quo of underdevelopment and dependency. A parallel is drawn with the concerns of the British disability movement. The paper ends by suggesting some tentative solutions to the highlighted problems.

Public health policy and medical missions in the Philippines: the case of oral--facial clefting.

Abstract: This article examines the critical role of medical missions as alternative or proxy health delivery agencies in developing countries like the Philippines. Why and how they exist, what they can and cannot do, how they interact with the for-profit and public health sectors, and what challenges they face in the context of underdevelopment are analyzed by using a proposed structural— behavioral framework. We find that these missions can offer short-term benefits to specialized public health problems, such as oral—facial clefting, but depend on public and private partnerships and resources for long-term solutions. The article thus suggests that health care provision in developing countries should also be treated as a managerial issue. The challenge is for Third World governments to promote effective trisector collaborations, improve accessibility and adequacy of services, and support socially redistributive health policies.

South Korea's Regional Economic Cooperation Policy: The Evolution of an Adaptive Strategy

Abstract: South Korea has emerged as the world’s eleventh largest economy less than four decades after the devastation of Japanese colonial rule, the Korean War, and protracted poverty and underdevelopment. Several factors account for its stellar economic performance, including the availability of qualified human capital, a timely transition to an exportled growth strategy, and the guidance of a developmental state. But few have appreciated the merits of South Korea’s external ties. A strong bilateral alliance with the United States allowed South Korea to enjoy the enormous benefits of free riding in both security and economic areas. While American troop presence and massive military assistance eased its security concerns and budgetary burdens, South Korea’s timely access to American markets within the framework of the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) served as the engine of its manufactured exports. The alliance with the United States and the status of a developing country within the GATT system powerfully aided South Korea’s economic ascension.

Labour Productivity and Technological Capability: An Econometric Analysis on the Italian Regions

Abstract: The authors in this book regard the process of economic expansion as a non-homogeneous and multifaceted phenomenon which has deeply affected human welfare, and cultural, social and political change. The book is a bridge between the theorists (Rosenstein-Rodan, Lewis, Myrdal, and Hirschmann) who in the post-war period analyzed regional inequalities, structural change and dualism, and the modern literature on economic growth. The latter has emphasized the existence of multiple equilibria, bifurcations and various types of dynamic complexity, and clarified the conditions for the emergence of phenomena such as cumulative causation, path dependence and hysteresis. These are the typical ingredients of structural change, economic development or underdevelopment.

Handled with discretion Shaping policing practices through witch accusations

Abstract: The Indian state of Chhattisgarh has been continually confronted with violent assaults and murder targeting individuals who are believed to practice witchcraft. By sketching the murder of accused witch, Kulwantin Bai Nishad, in 1995, I highlight the way prevailing assumptions about witchcraft, long held by the media, police and state, were contested. Intersecting with a national and state discourse of modernist ideals, witch-related violence has been transformed into a politicised object that signals extreme underdevelopment in a state whose legitimacy depends upon progress and development. The Indian Police Service (IPS), the foremost organisation to contend with these issues, maintains a crucial role in administering the citizen-state encounter. Commonly associated with attributes of corruption, misuse of authority, violence and partisan politics, the police official emerged in the findings as an ordinary citizen having a special and sometimes difficult public job. By examining a discretionary 'practice' at work in police dealings with witchcraft accusations, I argue that power shapes what is recognised as criminal behaviour, the significance assigned to a crime and therefore, practices of policing. This article concludes that discretionary power opens up a terrain of unpredictability and `formlessness' that lends hope for citizen rights.

Technological Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Development

Abstract: Industrialization has long been seen as the answer to underdevelopment and poverty. First this led countries to follow protectionist import substitution policies but as these failed developing countries have opened up to trade and FDI and tried to follow strategies of export driven industrialization. If we consider the share of non-OECD countries in global trade in manufactures, this has been a big success. But has it? Developed countries still retain their competitive advantage in the innovative and fast growing industries of the future and for every success story in Asia there are at least two tales of woo in Africa. In this paper we present a two region product life cycle model of global specialization and trade. In it we analyse the impact of three major shocks to the gradually globalizing and integrating world economy and show that these shocks have caused a transition in the global specialization pattern. The advanced and previously industrialized countries have arguable made the transition to an entrepreneurial economy in which innovation, creativity and high value added in early stage activity are the basis of competitive advantage, whereas the developing world by-and-large has absorbed mature industrial activities based on the Heckscher-Ohlinian competitive advantage based on cheap unskilled labour. The key exogenous shocks that have led to this shift are the collapse of communism, the introduction of information and communication technologies and the opening up of large, populous developing countries such as India, China, and Brazil. Our model predictions are very much in line with observed trends in developing and developed economies and as such provides insights in the possible underlying mechanisms at work.

Is it the ‘Development of Underdevelopment’ All over Again? Internet Development in Vietnam

Abstract: The reform process doi moi (Engl.: renovation) in Vietnam has brought profound changes for the Vietnamese economy. Most notably the opening of a formerly centrally planned economy to the capitalist world market has made the country more accessible to foreign direct investment and integrated the country more strongly into the capitalist world system. Part of the overall modernisation and global integration strategy in Vietnam is the development of the Internet. However, the Internet in Vietnam is not a ubiquitous and widely available technology, rather it is a piece of infrastructure that is unevenly available across social and regional spaces. Aided by a regulatory environment that presents itself as providing opportunities for all, the Internet provides a business tool for a transnational capitalist class and its local affiliates to access the resources of Vietnam's periphery type economy. The Internet has contributed to a shift in economic control functions away from the state territorial level to a net...

World history and the development of non-Western international relations theory

Abstract: It is now well over a decade since we first began to argue that an important and necessary way for IR theorists to make progress is to work from a world historical perspective. Underpinning this suggestion was the assertion that mainstream IR theory, or what in this book is being identified as Western IR theory, is chronically underdeveloped, especially when its conception of the international system is brought into focus. This underdevelopment is primarily the product of theorists operating within a methodological straitjacket that makes it difficult for these theorists to break free from five fundamental and interdependent shortcomings which severely constrain the potential for understanding and explaining international relations. These shortcomings were identified as presentism, or the tendency to view the past in terms of the present; ahistoricism, or the insistence that there are transhistorical concepts that allow us to identify universal regularities; Eurocentrism, or the privileging of European experience in our understanding of international relations; anarchophilia, or the propensity to equate international relations with the existence of an anarchic system; and state-centrism, or the preoccupation with the state at the expense of other international actors (Buzan and Little 1996; 2000). Although the emergence of constructivism in Western IRT is now promoting a methodological toolkit that has the potential to encourage theorists to overcome these shortcomings, in practice, they still continue to influence much of the thinking engaged in by Western IR theorists.

Trotsky and Development Theory in Latin America

Abstract: Elaboration of four concepts in the thought of Trotsky (backwardness, combined and uneven development, permanent revolution, and socialist transition and revolution) that are useful in understanding developmental theory and their relevance to theories of capitalist development, underdevelopment, and dependency, as prominently manifested in Latin America during the last half of the 20th century. Identification of Trotskyist movements and their splinter tendencies. Examination of principal theorists and their ideas, with emphasis on Argentine and Brazilian thought and their relevance to developmental theory.

Natural Resource Wealth, Development and Social Policy: Evidence and Issues

Abstract: Natural resource wealth potentially provides a source of funds for governments to invest in development. But several recent studies have suggested that countries rich in natural resources have in fact performed poorly in developmental terms. Prior to the late 1980s, natural resource wealth was widely seen as a blessing for developing countries. In the 1960s, for instance, the prominent development theorist Walter Rostow (1961) argued that natural resource endowments would enable developing countries to make the transition from underdevelopment to industrial ‘take-off, just as they had done for developed countries such as Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom (UK). In the 1970s and 1980s, neoliberal economists such as Bela Balassa (1980), Anne Krueger (1980) and P.J. Drake (1972) put forward similar arguments, with the former, for instance, arguing that natural resources could facilitate a country’s ‘industrial development by providing domestic markets and investible funds’ (Balassa 1980: 2). But now natural resource wealth is widely seen as a curse. Rather than promoting development, it is argued, natural resource wealth in fact reduces economic growth, increases poverty, impairs health and education outcomes, impedes democracy, lowers the status of women, and increases the incidence, duration and intensity of civil war.

Dependency approach: Chances of survival in the 21st century

Abstract: Since the end of the Cold War, Dependency Approach has been facing a number of changes in the international system and had to deal with several theoretical challenges. But, whilst many academic writings emphasized the demise of Dependency Approach, this paper has endeavored to breathe life into Dependency thoughts by exploring what chances Dependency Approach has in order to remain effective and competitive. Deep analysis of current facts and events in the international, regional and sub-regional settings has sustained the main theoretical assumptions of Dependency Approach and illustrated that several thoughts and concepts from the Dependency Approach are still systematic and applicable. Key Words: Dependency approach, dependence, north, south, core, periphery, dominant, development, underdevelopment, The Third World.

After the third world

Abstract: 1 After the Third World? History, destiny and the fate of Third Worldism Mark T Berger 2 Using and abusing the concept of the Third World: geopolitics and the comparative political study of development and underdevelopment Vicky Randall 3 The rise of neo-Third Worldism? The Indonesian trajectory and the consolidation of illiberal democracy Vedi R Hadiz 4 The hares, the hounds and the African National Congress: on joining the Third World in post-apartheid South Africa John S Saul 5 The Second Age of the Third World: from primitive accumulation to global public goods? David Moore 6 Re-crossing a different water: colonialism and Third Worldism in Fiji Devleena Ghosh 7 Spectres of the Third World: global modernity and the end of the three worlds Arif Dirlik 8 Transforming centre-periphery relations: the empire of capital and the making and unmaking of the Third World Fouad Makki 9 From national bourgeoisie to rogues, failures and bullies: the contradictions of 21st century imperialism and the unravelling of the Third World Radhika Desai 10 Reconstituting the Third World? Poverty reduction and territoriality in the global politics of development Heloise Weber 11 Beyond the Third World: imperial globality, global coloniality and anti-globalisation social movements Arturo Escobar 12 Third Worldism and the lineages of global fascism: the regrouping of the global South in the neo-liberal era Rajeev Patel and Philip McMichael 13 Globalising the Zapatistas: from Third World solidarity to global solidarity? Thomas Olesen