Showing papers on "Unitary state published in 1984"

Time-Orthogonal Unitary Dilations and Noncommutative Feynman-Kac Formulae

Abstract: An analysis of Feynman-Kac formulae reveals that, typically, the unperturbed semigroup is expressed as the expectation of a random unitary evolution and the perturbed semigroup is the expectation of a perturbation of this evolution in which the latter perturbation is effected by a cocycle with certain covariance properties with respect to the group of translations and reflections of the line. We consider generalisations of the classical commutative formalism in which the probabilistic properties are described in terms of non-commutative probability theory based on von Neumann algebras. Examples of this type are generated, by means of second quantisation, from a unitary dilation of a given self-adjoint contraction semigroup, called the time orthogonal unitary dilation, whose key feature is that the dilation operators corresponding to disjoint time intervals act nontrivially only in mutually orthogonal supplementary Hilbert spaces.

Principal series representations of special unitary groups over local fields

Abstract: On utilise des operateurs d'entrelacement avec un resultat de multiplicite un pour calculer certaines C-fonctions sur SU(3) sur un corps local non archimedien. On determine la reductibilite des representations serie principales unitaires et non unitaires

Use of a unitary wavefunction in the calculation of static electronic properties

Abstract: A unitary coupled cluster method is advocated in this paper for the calculation of static properties. Corresponding to the perturbed Hamiltonian H(λ) including the relevant static property, a suitable unitary wavefunction is envisaged. It is shown that a specific nonvariational model of calculating various order static properties utilising this unitary ansatz results in simplifications compared to the previous Coupled Cluster Theories using only hole-particle excitation parameters formulated for this purpose.

Actual neurosis and psychoneurosis.

Abstract: A comprehensive and unitary psychoanalytic approach must acknowledge the importance of the so-called 'contentless mental state' of mounting psychic tensions. These states, once called the actual neuroses, are probably always further elaborated in fantasy. Once these states are endowed with meaning through free association and the joint constructive efforts of analyst and analysand, they may also be drawn into the orbit of neurotic conflict, if they have not already been drawn in by the patient alone, and then they may be dealt with analytically in connexion with the components of compromise formations which have interpretable meaning. Any person may be subject to traumatic states. Such states do not necessarily comprise a separate nosological category. What we are dealing with is a quantitative dimension of human existance that cuts across all conditions. Along with severe early traumata, weakness of the biologically determined stimulus barrier may predispose to later and life-long susceptibilities to traumatic states. If we substitute the notion of actual neurotic states for the older 'actual neuroses', we come closer to a fully integrated psychoanalytic approach, to understanding and treatment of actual- and psychoneurotic conditions.

The State Corporation Income Tax: Issues in Worldwide Unitary Combination:

Abstract: State corporation income taxes are in effect in 45 states. In 1980 they yielded $13.3 billion, about 10% of state tax receipts. This share has grown slowly but steadily for several decades, in contrast to the declining importance of the corporation income tax at the federal level. A number of issues relating to the corporation income tax remain unsettled. Debates over matters of equity, efficiency, and incidence persist. The operations of many corporations extend over state and international boundaries. Individual states have adopted a variety of different and often conflicting procedures for apportioning interstate income. Some states include foreign-source income in the apportionable total. During the past decade business interests and the states have entered a period of intense squabbling and increased litigation over procedures for apportioning income, particularly where foreign sources are involved. Against this background, Charles E. McLure, Jr., convened a conference at the Hoover Institution in November 1982. The participants included economists, lawyers, accountants, and tax administrators. State, federal, business, and academic viewpoints were represented. This volume contains nine papers delivered at the conference, along with the comments of two or more discussants for each paper. In most cases separate accounting is not a feasible method for apportioning the taxable income of multistate corporations among individual states. No satisfactory means exist for allocating common costs or savings from economies of scale. Assigning prices to intracorporate flows of goods and services is, in the absence of arm's-length transactions, a monumental task. Costs of administration and compliance make such procedures infeasible in all but the simplest of cases, and states are wary of the propensity of corporate accountants to manipulate accounts so as to minimize tax burdens. For these reasons, all states use formula apportionment to determine their share of the taxable income of most corporations that operate across state borders. Current state practice is described and analyzed in the lead paper by George N. Carlson and Harvey Galper. All but 10 of the 45 states with a corporation income tax use a 3-factor apportionment formula with equal

Symmetry breaking patterns for third-rank totally antisymmetric representations of unitary groups

Abstract: Some possible symmetry breaking patterns for unitary group gauge theoretic models based on Higgs scalars in the third-rank totally antisymmetric tensor representations of U(n) are studied. The critical points are expressed in terms of a single parameter xi such that 1/n or=9, and remarks are made concerning a conjecture of Michel (1979).

The distance between unitary orbits of normal elements in the Calkin algebra

Abstract: Let s and t be normal elements of the Calkin algebra, and let (s) denote the unitary orbit of s . A formula ρ(s, t ) is defined to measure the distance between unitary orbits, and satisfies

Does the Federal-Unitary Dichotomy Make Any Difference?: One Answer Derived from Macrocomparative Analysis

Abstract: The paper explores answers to the question "what difference does it seem to make whether the distribution of power follows the federal or unitary formula?" Relationships between national and sub-national governments in seven federal countries (Australia, Brazil, Canada, Federal Republic of Germany, India, Switzerland, USA) are contrasted with intergovernmental relationships in ten unitary nations (Belgium, France, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Norway, Peru, Romania, Sweden, UK). The time span covers the period 1870 to 1970. The presence or absence of variation in center versus local policy control is traced over time and serial correlation analysis is used to plot longitudinal associations between structural changes and development policy performance. The results reveal that federal and unitary nations often exhibit considerable change in their institutional arrangements. This variation in turn is reflected in different policy areas. An unexpected finding is that nations with different constitutional arrangements but similar evolutionary patterns of public sector organization appear to develop in similar fashion in certain policy areas.

Indefinite intertwining operators

Abstract: For a wide class of linear connected semisimple Lie groups, one obtains formulas limiting the Langlands parameters of irreducible unitary representations obtained from maximal parabolic subgroups. The formulas relate unitarity to the number of roots satisfying certain conditions. Some evidence is presented that the formulas are sharp. The results confirm aspects of conjectures that relate unitary parameters to cohomological induction.

Normal structure of the unitary group over a local ring

Abstract: A new approach is used to describe the normal subgroups of unitary groups over the ring of integers of an unramified quadratic extension of a local field of characteristic ≠2. This method is based on the author's results concerning subgroups of unitary groups normalized by diagonal unitary matrices. By means of this method it has been possible to remove restrictions imposed by other authors in a number of papers pertaining to the same question.

Time and singularity.

Abstract: We show that the occurrence of quantum gravitational collapse and, more generally, the validity of Wheeler’s “rule of unanimity” are inextricably linked to the classical choice of time. The crucial distinction is between “fast” and “slow” times, that is, between times which give rise to complete or incomplete classical evolution respectively. We conjecture that unitary slow-time quantum dynamics is always non-singular, while unitary fast-time quantum dynamics inevitably leads to collapse. These findings are illustrated by an analysis of the dust-filled Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker universes.

A General Framework for Analysing the Stability of Fiscal Federalism

Abstract: In many unitary states, e.g. in the UK, Spain and Belgium, there exists a strong demand by some or all regions for a larger degree of autonomy with respect to the supply of public goods, including regulations and institutions.

Classification of states and determination of wave functions in the case of almost - degenerate configurations

Abstract: Appropriate unitary groups and their expansions are proposed for classifying states in overlapping configurations of atomic spectra. Overlapping configurations are considered as a single combined configuration. The coefficients of the wave functions of “pure” configurations are then obtained using only group methods from the properties of the group generators, and do not depend on the energy matrix.