Showing papers on "Urban density published in 2023"
TL;DR: In this article , the relationship between urban density, nature, and sustainability has been examined, and it is shown that there is a negative correlation between population density and these green spaces, while a 10% increase in density is associated with a 2.9% decline in tree cover.
Abstract: Green spaces in urban areas—like remnant habitat, parks, constructed wetlands, and street trees—supply multiple benefits. Many studies show green spaces in and near urban areas play important roles harbouring biodiversity and promoting human well-being. On the other hand, evidence suggests that greater human population density enables compact, low-carbon cities that spare habitat conversion at the fringes of expanding urban areas, while also allowing more walkable and livable cities. How then can urban areas have abundant green spaces as well as density? In this paper, we review the empirical evidence for the relationships between urban density, nature, and sustainability. We also present a quantitative analysis of data on urban tree canopy cover and open space for United States large urbanized areas, as well as an analysis of non-US Functional Urban Areas in OECD countries. We found that there is a negative correlation between population density and these green spaces. For Functional Urban Areas in the OECD, a 10% increase in density is associated with a 2.9% decline in tree cover. We argue that there are competing trade-offs between the benefits of density for sustainability and the benefits of nature for human well-being. Planners must decide an appropriate density by choosing where to be on this trade-off curve, taking into account city-specific urban planning goals and context. However, while the negative correlation between population density and tree cover is modest at the level of US urbanized areas (R2 = 0.22), it is weak at the US Census block level (R2 = 0.05), showing that there are significant brightspots, neighbourhoods that manage to have more tree canopy than would be expected based upon their level of density. We then describe techniques for how urban planners and designers can create more brightspots, identifying a typology of urban forms and listing green interventions appropriate for each form. We also analyse policies that enable these green interventions illustrating them with the case studies of Curitiba and Singapore. We conclude that while there are tensions between density and urban green spaces, an urban world that is both green and dense is possible, if society chooses to take advantage of the available green interventions and create it. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors apply the methodology developed by the European Commission-Joint Research Center for the classification of the degree of urbanization of the Italian territory, using the ISPRA land consumption map and the ISTAT population data.
Abstract: For the first time in human history, over half of the world’s population lives in urban areas. This rapid growth makes cities more vulnerable, increasing the need to monitor urban dynamics and its sustainability. The aim of this work is to examine the spatial extent of urban areas, to identify the urban–rural continuum, to understand urbanization processes, and to monitor Sustainable Development Goal 11. In this paper, we apply the methodology developed by the European Commission-Joint Research Center for the classification of the degree of urbanization of the Italian territory, using the ISPRA land consumption map and the ISTAT population data. The analysis shows that the availability of detailed and updated spatialized population data is essential to calculate SDG indicator 11.3.1, which assesses the ratio of land consumption rate to population growth rate. Three new indicators are also proposed to describe the main trends in urban sprawl, analyzing the spatial distribution of land consumption in terms of infill and settlement dispersion. The research shows good results in identifying class boundaries and describing the Italian urbanized landscape, highlighting the need for more detailed spatialized demographic data. The classification obtained lends itself to a variety of applications, such as monitoring land consumption, settlement dynamics, or the urban heat islands, and assessing the presence and state of green infrastructures in the urban context, driving the development of policies in urban areas toward sustainable choices focused on urban regeneration.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed a framework to delineate future urban boundaries for future expansion and urban agglomerations based on a Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN) that depends on equal time intervals of urban growth.
Abstract: Rural–urban immigration, regional wars, refugees, and natural disasters all bring to prominence the importance of studying urban growth. Increased urban growth rates are becoming a global phenomenon creating stress on agricultural land, spreading pollution, accelerating global warming, and increasing water run-off, which adds exponentially to pressure on natural resources and impacts climate change. Based on the integration of machine learning (ML) and geographic information system (GIS), we employed a framework to delineate future urban boundaries for future expansion and urban agglomerations. We developed it based on a Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN) that depends on equal time intervals of urban growth. Such an approach is used for the first time in urban growth as a predictive tool and is coupled with Land Suitability Analysis, which incorporates both qualitative and quantitative data to propose evaluated urban growth in the Greater Irbid Municipality, Jordan. The results show the recommended future spatial expansion and proposed results for the year 2025. The results show that urban growth is more prevalent in the eastern, northern, and southern areas and less in the west. The urban growth boundary map illustrates that the continuation of urban growth in these areas will slowly further encroach upon and diminish agricultural land. By means of suitability analysis, the results showed that 51% of the region is unsuitable for growth, 43% is moderately suitable and only 6% is suitable for growth. Based on TDNN methodology, which is an ML framework that is dependent on the growth of urban boundaries, we can track and predict the trend of urban spatial expansion and thus develop policies for protecting ecological and agricultural lands and optimizing and directing urban growth.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors focus on innovative streets as a catalyst for sustainable urban transition and show that a walkable, rideable, and human-oriented street environment enhances social interaction and urban livability.
Abstract: As an essential component of urban public spaces, urban streets play a crucial role in shaping cities and promoting urban sustainability. This article focuses on innovative streets as a catalyst for sustainable urban transition. It reviews the theoretical discussions, and empirical evidence on innovative planning approaches for urban streets. For that purpose, measures related to innovative streets are divided into two broad categories: urban mobility and urban livability. The results indicate that integrating smart street facilities with the Internet of Things (IoT), adopting a combination of grid and radial street networks, and fostering a safe street environment are vital in promoting urban mobility. Conversely, a walkable, rideable, and human-oriented street environment enhances social interaction and urban livability. The street’s dual function as a commuting and social space highlights the interplay between rising mobility and intensive street usage, leading to competition for street space. To mitigate these conflicts and advance sustainable urban transitions, enhancing street safety, reducing disparities in planning and user behavior, and accommodating the needs of all street users is crucial. Overall, the evidence supports the contribution of streets to sustainable urban transition.
2 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined urban land expansion and population distribution evolution and their coupling in seven major Iranian metropolitan regions (pop>1M), and it contributes to understanding diverse urban physical growth patterns in the vast Global South.
1 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the spatio-temporal variation of UGS and its relationship with urban growth in different socioeconomic development phases based on an empirical analysis of cities in the Yangtze River Delta region in China during a period of rapid urban development.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a remote sensing study compared growth occurring in three urban types between 2005 and 2014: peri-urban, rural and urban, in a fast-growing metropolitan region west of Mexico City.
Abstract: This remote sensing study compares growth occurring in three urban types between 2005 and 2014: peri-urban, rural and urban, in a fast-growing metropolitan region west of Mexico City. Future urban growth for the period 2014–24 is modelled using the land-use/cover change (LUCC) model Geomod. Urban expansion is correlated with some socio-territorial factors and the impacts are assessed for the loss of biomass. In both periods, the urban zone differed the most from the other two in terms of urban expansion. The Geomod predictions overestimate the urban expansion in the urban zone and underestimate it in the peri-urban and rural zones. Significant differences exist in the average urban expansion between zones. The main urban growth drivers were elevation, population density, distance to previous urban land and distance to roads. A substantial loss of biomass is due to urban growth, including expansion and infill. The research reveals significant differences in growth between peri-urban, rural and urban areas, and contributes spatial information for designing focused land-use policies in dynamic urban contexts. Policy relevance This article contributes to understanding the differentiated urban growth of urban, peri-urban and rural areas, which can translate into more precise and effective public policies. Urban expansion and infill patterns differ. For peri-urban and rural areas, the main growth is infill, so actions should be implemented to sustainably manage the vacant or undeveloped land within an existing human settlement to prevent further expansion, but also to avoid the loss of priority areas for the provision of ecosystem services. In urban areas where the main urban increment is expansion, sensible consolidation decisions need to be taken to avoid further urban expansion and the incorporation of urban green space.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors use the Precolumbian lowland Maya model of urban soil connectivity to assess the importance and challenges of using urban green space as a proxy for the presence of urban soils.
Abstract: Using the Precolumbian lowland Maya model of urban soil connectivity discussed in Part I, we review how soil connectivity can transition into urban planning policy and, by extension, could ultimately become codified as vantages and guidelines for urban design. In Maya agro-urban landscapes, the interspersion of open and green space with construction and paving provides edges (or interfaces) between sealed and unsealed soils at which the potential for soil connectivity manifests. These edges create an undeniable opportunity for urban planning to determine methods, guidelines, and conditions that can enhance soil connectivity. We argue that adequate attention to soils in urban sustainability goals would counteract misconceptions about the compact city paradigm and compensation for soil sealing in urban practice. Through preserving and increasing urban soil availability, proximity, and accessibility, advisory policies can stimulate shared values and everyday behaviours that reinforce the responsible and productive use of urban soils. Such urban planning can enable and encourage widespread participation in urban soil management. To promote policymaking on urban soils, we assess the importance and challenges of using urban green space as a proxy for the presence of urban soils. Our review suggests that urban green space offers high potential for use in urban planning to develop habit architectures that nurture soil-oriented pro-environmental behaviour. However, we also acknowledge the need for consistent and systematic data on urban soils that match sustainable urban development concepts to assist the effective transition of soil connectivity into urban planning codifications. Formulating adequate soil-oriented planning guidelines will require translating empirical insights into policy applications. To this end, we propose methods for enhancing our understanding and ability to monitor urban soil connectivity, including onsite surveys of land-use and bottom-up experience of soils, the mapping of the edges between sealed and unsealed soils, and using landscape ecological scales of analysis. In conclusion, we position soil care and connectivity as a primary task for urban planning and design and digest our findings and empirical vantages into concrete starting points devised as instruments to support urban planning in achieving soil codification.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined urban aesthetics through the historical political patterns and urban planning and development process, revealing the relationship between the formation of urban aesthetics, the urban planning process, and the political impact.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a holistic and scalable agent-based modeling framework that incorporates contextual factors in the energy demand and supply evaluation of urban areas using multi-dimensional performance metrics is presented.
1 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors focused on the problem of what are the criteria of urban sustainability when planning residential complexes and concluded that Al-Ghadeer residential complex suffers from not being close to achieving urban sustainability due to its deviation from the sustainable standard.
Abstract: The idea of sustainability has become a necessity in various fields, especially in the urban environment, where it has emerged as a solution to the many problems facing cities. For that, it is necessary to identify the nature of sustainability in general and urban sustainability in particular and how to achieve it in the Al-Ghadeer residential complex. Therefore, the research focuses on the problem of what are the criteria of urban sustainability when planning residential complexes. How close is Al-Ghadeer residential complex to achieving urban sustainability, where it concluded that Al-Ghadeer residential complex suffers from not being close to achieving urban sustainability due to its deviation from the sustainable standard, which is reflected in the study area and its inability to provide a suitable urban environment for the residents and other desirable characteristics in an urban environment?
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors developed a novel formula for assessing urban sustainability in Uzbekistan, a country with very little recent research in the field of sustainable development, by taking into account a variety of socioeconomic and environmental aspects specific to the discussed region.
Abstract: Urban sustainability has become a critical issue in the past few decades due to rising urbanisation and mounting environmental problems. This article aims to develop a novel formula for assessing urban sustainability in Uzbekistan, a country with very little recent research in the field of sustainable development. The formula was created specifically for the setting of Uzbekistan to evaluate urban sustainability by taking into account a variety of socioeconomic and environmental aspects specific to the discussed region. The article provides a thorough review of the research on urban sustainability, with an emphasis on evaluation techniques and their use in the Uzbek context, which not only contributes to the development of the theoretical framework for the research but also identifies the knowledge gaps in the assessment of urban sustainability in Uzbekistan. Utilising this newly developed formula, an empirical analysis of urban sustainability in Uzbekistan urban settings was conducted, offering comprehensive insights and suggestions for urban planning and policymaking. The results of this research are expected to advance the discussion about urban sustainability on a global scale as well as act as a catalyst for additional research in the area.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigated the physical characteristics of the urban interface between the historical centers and the rest of the cities' urban expansions to ensure a smooth transition between the historic urban fabric and the remainder of the city's urban fabric.
Abstract: The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) cities’ historic centers have a unique urban fabric regarding land use, physical characteristics, and environmental performance. Several cities within this region are subject to significant development projects based on demolition and replacement. These projects aim to improve the quality of life and enhance the city’s socioeconomic and sustainability. This paper investigates the physical characteristics of the urban interface between the historical centers and the rest of the cities’ urban expansions to ensure a smooth transition between the historic urban fabric and the rest of the city’s urban fabric. The research objective was fulfilled by developing a framework to classify urban fabric types based on their physical characteristics. Jeddah city was selected as a case study. Six growth phases of the city were identified. Based on this classification, urban fabric samples representing these phases were selected. These urban samples’ physical characteristics were analyzed. Results identified in urban fabric characteristics between the historic center and the other identified urban fabrics within the city, especially the demolished deteriorated surrounding urban areas. Urban features for under-development urban areas were concluded. Design guidelines were suggested for historical centers to achieve homogeneous integrated, sustainable, livable urban areas.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors proposed a method to improve the quality of the data collected by the data collection system by using the information of the users' behaviors and the data gathered by the system itself.
Abstract: 본 연구는 2015~2020년 전국 228개 지방자치단체를 중심으로 도시안전과 도시쇠퇴의 관계와 영향요인 분석을 실시하였다. 도시안전 정도가 취약할 경우 인구유출, 범죄증가 등으로 도시쇠퇴를 야기할 수 있고 도시쇠퇴가 심화 될수록 도시안전 정도에 영향을 미치기에 도시안전과 도시쇠퇴와의 관계를 제시하였다. 분석결과, 도시쇠퇴정도가 낮을수록 도시안전 정도가 높음을 보여주고 있으나 도시쇠퇴정도에 도시안전은 통계적으로 유의미하지 않아 도시개발 또는 도시재생에 도시안전은 그동안 주요 요인으로 고려되지 않았다는 것을 시사하고 있다. 따라서 도시안전을 제고하며 도시쇠퇴를 억제하는 방안이 필요함을 보여준다. 이를 위해 비수도권의 집중적인 도시쇠퇴 억제와 도시안전제고, 빈집과 노후주택에 대한 주택개량과 정비, 경제적 측면이 고려된 도시재생, 쾌적한 어메니티를 제공하는 도시계획 및 기성시가지 활성화를 통한 안전도시 조성이 필요함을 제시하였다. This study analyzed the interaction and determinants between urban safety and urban decline focusing on the data of 228 cities from 2015 to 2020. If the degree of urban safety is low, urban decline can be resulted from the outflow of population and increase of crimes, and when the phenomenon of urban decline is deepened, it affects the degree of urban safety, too; therefore, this researcher presents the interaction between urban safety and urban decline. According to the findings, the lower the degree of urban decline, the higher the degree of urban safety, but the effects of urban safety on the degree of urban decline are not found to be statistically significant, which implies that urban safety has not been considered as a major factor in urban development or urban regeneration so far. Therefore, it is needed to come up with measures to improve urban safety and prevent urban decline. To realize that, this study suggests the necessity to create a safe city by curbing urban decline concentrated in non-metropolitan areas and improve urban safety in them, modernizing and maintaining empty or old houses, actualize urban regeneration in consideration of economic aspects, making city plans to provide pleasant amenities, and also vitalizing built-up areas.
01 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this article , the authors explored sustainabilitySustainability of urban planningUrban planning practice in developing country situations, in particular, the background of urban developmentUrban Development in the country and its spatial distribution and association with population and economic growth.
Abstract: Zambia’sZambia urban population, estimated at almost 45%, is growing rapidly resulting in uncontrolled development,Development especially in peri-urbanPeri-urban areas. This chapter explores sustainabilitySustainability of urban planningUrban planning practice in developing country situations. In particular, the study examines first, the background of urban developmentUrban Development in the country and its spatial distribution and association with population and economic growth. Secondly, the chapter examines post-independence urbanUrban development with its concomitant rural–urban migrationMigration of population, relatively high urban growthUrban growth rates and urban sprawl. The chapter is cognizant that developmentsDevelopment in most of the rapidly growing citiesCities in ZambiaZambia have typically been informal and uncoordinated in low-density areas and swallowing up surrounding rural land. The chapter also examines the integrated development planningIntegrated Development Planning (IDP) approach currently promulgated as a solution to most planning ills. Thus, the chapter explores sustainabilitySustainability of current urban planningUrban planning approaches, with respect to satisfying social, economic and environmental developmentDevelopment needs of people and in countering urban sprawlUrban Sprawl. The chapter uses geospatial analysis of past, present and future trends of urban sprawl in Kitwe the largest city in the Copperbelt Province, to contextualise the understanding of urban sprawlUrban Sprawl and sustainable urban developmentUrban Development policies in ZambiaZambia.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors proposed that urban green spaces are among the most important sustainable urban development elements to integrate in residential development initiatives to achieve residents' wellbeing, and they also provided insight into the function of spatial values of these urban green space in explaining residents wellbeing.
Abstract: Sustainable development has been one of the biggest challenges the world has ever faced in recent decades. The term sustainable development is a dynamic process which brings together global and local concerns while linking social, economic, and environmental issues in order to resolve the needs of both current and future generations. It is therefore important to achieve sustainable development as urban residents' wellbeing, meaning their health, sense of security, freedom and social relations with others are heavily dependent upon it. In the modern era, sustainable development has become even more challenging because the nature of urban development which is often intertwined with urban issues such as urban sprawl, immigration, city planning. Similarly in Malaysia, the rapid urbanisation, transformation and expansion of urban cities has pushed the country towards the need for urban sustainability. Nonetheless, the destruction of natural green spaces, noise and overcrowding is one of the negative implications in compact cities that threatens urban residents’ wellbeing. This is worrisome because the urban green spaces are essential in promoting social interaction, health and wellbeing. Therefore, urban green spaces are among the most important sustainable urban development elements to integrate in residential development initiatives to achieve residents’ wellbeing. This paper provides insight into the function of spatial values of these urban green spaces in explaining residents' wellbeing. In this paper, there are three dimensions namely urban green spatial characteristics, urban green spatial value, and residents' wellbeing. This paper posits that favourable urban green spatial characteristics improves the perceptions of urban green spatial values, and consequently promotes residents' sense of wellbeing.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the spatial transformations of postsocialist cities in the context of the polarized national urban system and found that urban sprawl characterizes cities with growing/stable populations and those with declining populations with different scales and dynamics over time.
TL;DR: The concept and evaluation of urban spaces in terms of the positives or negatives of multi-use areas and their role in achieving social sustainability in closed urban communities in Greater Cairo is discussed in this paper .
Abstract: The spatial formation of multi-use urban areas is one of the main reasons for the emergence of some positive or negative social phenomena among the population in Egypt, where the value of the urban space lies in the total social and cultural relations that arise in it and its ability to create opportunities for interaction between a different group of individuals. Hence, this research discusses the concept and evaluation of urban spaces in terms of the positives or negatives of multi-use areas and their role in achieving social sustainability in closed urban communities in Greater Cairo. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate mixed-use urban spaces, from a functional and social perspective, which is a tool to increase the social sustainability of urban communities in general and closed mixed urban communities in Egypt in particular. So that some conclusions and recommendations can be made on how to establish for mixed-use lands as a basic approach in sustainable urban development.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the spatial expansion and population density changes in 34 cities in China and selected 34 cities as sample cities to provide reference for controlling population density and promoting sustainable urban development.
Abstract: For decades, the continuous advance of urbanization has led to the continuous expansion of urban land and rapid increase in the total area of cities. The phenomenon of urban land expansion faster than population growth has become widespread. High population density can lead to problems such as traffic congestion and exacerbated air pollution and can hinder sustainable development, affecting the quality of life of urban residents. China is currently in a phase of rapid urbanization, with high urban population density and rapid decline in urban population density. The decrease in urban population density is conducive to promoting sustainable urban development. This study selected 34 cities in China as sample cities and analyzed the spatial expansion and population density changes using land use and population density data from 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 in order to provide reference for controlling population density and promoting sustainable urban development. The conclusions of the study are as follows: In the 34 sample cities, the average urban radius was only 11.61 km in 2000, but reached 17.98 km in 2020, with an annual growth rate of 2.5%. There were significant spatial differences in urban expansion. Beijing and Shanghai, as the most developed cities in China, had urban radii exceeding 40 km, while the less developed cities of Liaoyang and Suzhou had urban radii of only 9 km. Although the population density decreased in most cities, the population density values in first-tier cities in China, such as Tianjin, Beijing, and Shanghai, continued to rise. Cities with loose spatial expansion patterns had faster decreases in population density than compact-type cities. The rate of urban spatial expansion was negatively correlated with changes in population density, with cities that had faster urban spatial expansion also having faster declines in artificial ground density.
TL;DR: In this paper , a case study of Bathinda city has been described to assess the Impervious Surfaces and their impacts on Land Surface Temperature in Bathinda City of Punjab, and an attempt would be made to study the adaptation and mitigation measures for urban heat islands.
Abstract: With the rapid rate of urbanization in the last few decades, tremendous changes in the land use and land cover pattern of urban areas have occurred. These include the conversion of pervious surfaces to impervious surfaces, a decrease in the open and green spaces, and decreased sky-view factor that has led to the formation of Urban Heat Islands. These urban heat islands have implications for urban climate as it leads to elevated temperatures in the city centers and lower temperatures on the outskirts of urban areas. This further leads to increased energy consumption in cities besides having adverse effects on human health that get manifested in the form of distress as well as stroke due to high intensity of heat, fatigue, sapping of energy, irritation, and suicidal tendencies. With the ever-increasing size of urban areas by means of urban sprawl due to a greater influx of people from rural to urban areas in search of better amenities and opportunities, the problem of urban heat islands is bound to exacerbate in the coming years. Therefore, the present paper aims at critically assessing the spatio-temporal domain of Urban Heat Island in relation to urban ecology and human health using geospatial technology. A case study of Bathinda city has been described to assess the Impervious Surfaces and their impacts on Land Surface Temperature in Bathinda City of Punjab. Further, an attempt would be made to study the adaptation and mitigation measures for urban heat islands.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used a pre-trained object detection model to identify and count people as well as urban-related objects, such as presence of cars, and benches in millions street-level images collected throughout the Netherlands.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors used calibrated population density thresholds from the Worldpop population model to measure area and densities for suburban and urban density classes (≥ 250 humans per square kilometer) at global and national scales and both broad multi-city agglomerations and fine city cores during 2000 to 2020.
Abstract: Land area in urban use may be growing faster than population growth, increasing urban sprawl. With calibrated population density thresholds from the Worldpop population model, area and densities can be measured for suburban and urban density classes (≥ 250 humans per square kilometer) at global and national scales and both broad multi-city agglomerations and fine city cores during 2000 to 2020. Globally, net expansion of suburban and urban, urban, and high-density urban area was 930,000, 545,000, and 215,000 km 2 , respectively, with 25% to 35% of expansion located in India. Area containing suburban and urban densities increased from 3.4% to 4.1% of total land area. Density increased from 960 to 1,124.5 humans per square kilometer; density of the suburban class (250 to 800 humans per square kilometer) remained stable, while urban densities increased. Increased or stable densities occurred for nearly all countries and cities at both broad and fine scales, with the exception of 12 of 154 countries, 368 of 4,672 city agglomerations, and 523 of 12,008 city cores. Even though urban expansion occurred, as opposed to sustainable land use with growth boundaries, overall human densities increased. Human populations have become more concentrated, meaning that urban population densities are growing faster than the urban land base.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper analyzed the 3D urban landscape patterns across central Wuhan in 2008 and 2018, and explored urban densification modes using multivariate clustering analysis based on the differences in the landscape metrics.
18 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this article , the authors analyzed the peripheries of a high-density collective housing project in the city of Juliaca and found that the existence of important problems of residential precariousness and exclusion for such a project.
Abstract: The analysis of the peripheries reveals the existence of important problems of residential precariousness and exclusion for a high-density collective housing project. The purpose is to model the population density in consolidated collective housing in the urban fabric of the city of Juliaca. Size and density are fundamental characteristics that define any city, but they have not always received the same attention. Although density figures prominently in any urban planning manual as a key variable governing the urban environment, city size is often treated as an immeasurable factor beyond the control of planning. However, it is unclear whether these two variables can be analyzed independently, as the correlation between the two is significant. To assess how scale and density interact, a new approach was adopted to new forms of modern urbanization. The results obtained from a sample of 96 blocks allow the classification of the two districts in terms of aggregation, which will be used to determine the location of the high-density residential project by analyzing one side of the site according to the calculated proportion. of housing. the combined urban development is located in the South, so the residential district will be located on the North side, as it is less consolidated and characterized by one, two, and three-story buildings according to the kernel density analysis.
TL;DR: In this article , a methodology for sustainable urban planning has been proposed to make urban centres more adaptive and resilient, and the use of geospatial technologies for the implementation of the developed methodology has also been discussed.
Abstract: Rapid urbanization in absence of environmental considerations accounts for 40% of global energy consumption and over 30% of greenhouse gases emission. This has resulted in environmental degradation such as depletion of natural resources, poor indoor and outdoor thermal environment, and air quality which is one of the major reasons for climate change. Hence, there is a need to bridge the gap between climate change and unplanned urbanization through sustainable urban planning to catalyse the improvement in environmental quality. Further, the urban areas of developing countries are experiencing significant growth rapidly. Hence, there is an increasing need of urban planning in the developing countries. The chapter covers the current approaches in practice for urban planning and the recent initiatives at the global level in achieving sustainability. The existing planning support systems developed for sustainable urban planning, their application levels, and implementation status are also discussed. Based upon this, the methodology has been proposed for sustainable urban planning to make urban centres more adaptive and resilient. The methodology for sustainable urban planning has three major stages which are scenario planning, public participation, and energy-intensive planning. In the first stage, the context of the planning problem is understood. In the second stage, urban planning proposals are reconstructed on the basis of feedback received from the stakeholders. This ensures the active participation of public in taking urban planning decisions. The third stage makes the urban planning solutions economical one. The use of geospatial technologies for the implementation of the developed methodology for sustainable urban planning has also been discussed in this chapter.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper explored the impact of urban form on urban shrinkage using Geodetector and found that urban form and socio-economic factors were mutually or nonlinearly enhanced.
Abstract: Chinese cities are experiencing urban shrinkage due to demographic, environmental, economic, and political changes. However, urban form is another reason for urban shrinkage. This study first identified the shrinking of 293 cities in China based on the values of the change in brightness extracted from multi-year nighttime light data. Next, the characteristics of construction land morphology from 2019 were analyzed using landscape pattern analysis. Finally, the impact of urban form on urban shrinkage was explored using Geodetector. The results show that: (1) In total, 293 cities experienced different degrees of shrinkage. Regions with severe shrinkage were concentrated in the underdeveloped provinces, and autonomous central and western regions of China; moreover, (2) All factors of urban form significantly affected urban shrinkage. The largest q-values were found in patch density (0.144) and urban area (0.133), indicating that the degree of construction land fragmentation and urban area scale affected urban shrinkage the most; and (3) The interaction effects of pairwise factors were mutually or nonlinearly enhanced. The influence of urban form and socio-economic factors was stronger than that of socio-economic factors alone. This shows that the coupling of urban form and socio-economic factors strengthens the impact of urban form on urban shrinkage.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined the contribution of existing urban land allocation policies to urban densification in Ethiopia and revealed that the policy gave more attention to the immediate and tangible conditions than the efficient use of land resources.
TL;DR: In this paper , an interdisciplinary consideration of urban sustainability is proposed using an analysis that is based on the connection between urban policies and social functions that reflect the idea of a sustainable city.
Abstract: Defining global themes such as Urban Policy, Urban Sustainability, and even the Right to the City (RTTC) is fundamental to stimulating and establishing a continuous dialogue with the scientific community, mainly in the social sciences. Thus, understanding the dynamics around the scope of urban sustainability requires an analysis that is focused on multiple global realities. Taking a holistic view of Brazilian Urban Policy, this entry looks at the historical contexts that make urban sustainability the driving force behind this policy. In addition, an interdisciplinary consideration of urban sustainability is proposed using an analysis that is based on the connection between urban policies and social functions that reflect the idea of a sustainable city. The results of this analysis also point to the need for a continuous debate on the subject that primarily promotes new discoveries; this is so that the driving force of urban policy can gain new meanings and new guidelines can be implemented.
TL;DR: In this article , a typical Kuznets inverted U function was proposed to quantitatively depict the overall relationship between urban compactness and PM2.5 concentrations, quantifying the variation in the relationship from the urban center to the outskirts.