Showing papers on "Vertical plane published in 2006"

Assessment of Dynamic Measurement Accuracy of GPS in Three Directions

Abstract: Global positioning system (GPS) technology is an emerging tool for measuring and monitoring both static and dynamic displacement responses of large civil engineering structures to gust winds. The accuracy of dynamic displacement measurement using GPS at a subcentimeter to millimeter level, however, depends on many factors such as data sampling rate, satellite coverage, atmospheric effect, multipath effect, and GPS data processing methods. This paper aims to assess the dynamic displacement measurement accuracy of GPS in three orthogonal directions for applications in civil engineering. For this purpose, a motion simulation table was first developed as a test station, simulating various types of 2D motions of either tall buildings in a horizontal plane or long-span bridges in a vertical plane. The antenna of a GPS receiver was then installed on the motion simulation table and was used to measure the table motion in an open area. A band-pass filtering scheme was finally designed and applied to the table motion data recorded by the GPS. The comparison of the table motion recorded by the GPS with the original motion generated by the table shows that the GPS can measure horizontal and vertical dynamic displacements accurately within a certain amplitude and frequency range. The test results also demonstrate that the GPS can trace wind-induced dynamic displacement responses measured from a tall building in the horizontal plane and a long-span bridge deck in the vertical plane satisfactorily.

Depth-integrated flow modelling taking into account bottom curvature

Abstract: Successfully modelling flows over a spillway and on strongly vertically curved bottoms is a challenge for any depth-integrated model. This type of computation requires the use of axes properly inclined along the mean flow direction in the vertical plane and a modelling of curvature effects. The proposed generalized model performs such computations by means of suitable curvilinear coordinates in the vertical plane, leading to a fully integrated approach. This means that the flows in the upstream reservoir, on the spillway, in the stilling basin and in the downstream river reach are all handled in a single simulation. The velocity profile is generalized in comparison with the uniform one usually assumed in the classical shallow water equations. The pressure distribution is modified as a function of the bottom curvature and is thus not purely hydrostatic. Representative test cases, as well as the application of the extended model to the design of a large hydraulic structure in Belgium, lead to satisfactory v...

Pixel resolution control in numerical reconstruction of digital holography.

Abstract: A new method for resolution control in numerical reconstruction of digital holography is proposed. The wave field on a tilted or vertical plane can be reconstructed without being subject to the minimum object-to-hologram distance requirement, and the pixel resolution can be easily controlled by adjusting the position of a transitional plane. The proposed method solves the problem of pixel resolution control for small object-to-hologram distances and is especially useful for multicolor, multiwavelength digital holography and metrological applications. Experimental results are presented to verify the idea.

Experimental investigation of turbulent natural convection flow in a channel

Abstract: This paper presents the results of velocity measurements of natural convection in symmetrically heated vertical channel using the particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. Velocity measurements were conducted at three different sections on the horizontal plane to validate the flow two-dimensionality and at three different heights in the vertical plane to establish vertical mean velocity profiles. The results indicate a considerable influence of the Rayleigh number and aspect ratio on the mean velocity profile. The results also indicate significant diffusion rates of the vertical mean velocity component and normal Reynolds stresses towards the center of the channel.

Tuning antennas with a finite ground plane

Abstract: An apparatus includes a ground plane (410) formed from conductive material on a circuit board (420) in a first shape, where a section of the ground plane (410) at a first location has been omitted or removed to produce a cut (430) in the ground plane (410) in a second shape. The apparatus further includes an antenna (400) coupled to the ground plane (410).

Combined outrigger holder and fishing rod holder

Abstract: An apparatus is described, combining a portable outrigger holder with a fishing rod holder; so that both can be moved to a plurality of positions in both a horizontal plane and a vertical plane.

Wood-type golf club head

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a wood-type golf club head includes: a face portion; a sole portion; a crown portion; a leading edge defined between the face portion and the sole portion; an upper edge defined between the face portion and the crown portion; wherein, at a basic state that the golf club head is set on a horizontal plane, a contact point between the horizontal plane and the sole portion is defined as a ground point, wherein a plane passing through the ground point and extending in a direction of a target line is defined as a vertical plane, wherein a height from the horizontal plane to a first intersection point where the face upper edge intersects the vertical plane is defined as a face height H 1, and wherein a height H 3 from the horizontal plane to a second intersection point where the vertical plane intersects the leading edge is defined in a range between ⅓ and ½ of the face height H 1.

Compact dielectric resonator antenna

Abstract: A dielectric radiator antenna arrangement (18) for a communication device having a ground plane (17) comprises a dielectric volume having a central axis (z) in the centre of the volume provided as a normal to the ground plane and mode exciting elements (22, 24, 26). The mode exciting elements include a first mode exciting element (22) provided in or attached to the dielectric volume and extending in a plane provided at a first distance (d1 ) from the central axis perpendicular to the ground plane and a second mode exciting element (24) provided in or attached to the dielectric volume and extending in a plane provided at a second distance (d2) from the central axis perpendicular to both the ground plane and the plane of the first mode exciting element. The antenna arrangement can be used for simultaneously transmitting and receiving more than one signal at one frequency with reduced coupling.

Golf club head and golf club using the same

Abstract: Provided that vertical planes equally dividing space defined between a position of the shaft-hole axis of a head to a rearmost point of the head into quarters with respect to a face-back direction are defined as first vertical plane S 1 to fifth vertical plane S 5 in this order starting from a face side, an overlap view is contemplated which shows a second contour R 2 and a fourth contour R 4 in overlapping relation, the second contour being defined by an intersection of the second vertical plane S 2 and a head outside surface, and the fourth contour being defined by an intersection of the fourth vertical plane and the head outside surface. In this overlap view, toe- 1 point t 1 to toe- 8 point t 8 are defined on a toe-side line portion of the second contour R 2 . Toe-side gaps T 1 to T 8 between the second contour R 2 and the fourth contour R 4 with respect to the respective points t 1 to t 8 are defined according to predetermined specifications.

Adaptive Guidance for Terminal Area Energy Management (TAEM) of Reentry Vehicles

Abstract: A simple guidance algorithm is developed for the TAEM phase of a reentry vehicle. Guidance in the vertical plane relies on a prespecified dynamic pressure profile. Horizontal guidance relies on a ground track geometry consisting of a sequence of turns and straight line flight. From the initial position the ground track is planned based on 3 circles whose positions are computed automatically depending on the geometric situation. This makes the algorithm adaptive. For both the vertical plane and the horizontal plane motion simple control laws are developed which keep the trajectory along the intended path. It is shown in simulations that accuracy in achieving the desired end conditions is sufficient compared to mission requirements.

Vertical take-off and landing aircraft

Abstract: This invention discloses one vertical lift plane, which relates to one aviator and to one inclined rotation fan or inclined channel fan pusher vertical plane, which comprises plane body, main wing, motor, pusher, vertical tail wing, level tail wing, lift rack and other device. The invention is characterized by the following: power from at least one motor is concentrated through central gear or decelerator through drive power system to distribute on machien gravity or main wing front and back. The left and right inclined axis end can pass level and vertical rotation to seaprte pusher front projection.

Bow tuning in the vertical plane

Abstract: Competition results in sport archery depend to a great extent upon the optimal combination of bow-arrow-archer system parameters. A significant part of bow tuning is vertical adjustment, the aim of which is to give an arrow zero angle of attack. It is conducted in a long and complicated manner and error correction takes a lot of time and effort. The goal of the research was to create an analytical method to determine an optimal combination of bow parameters, which ensures zero angle of attack for an arrow launched from a string. Mechanical and mathematical models of bow and arrow geometry in the vertical plane in braced and drawn situations were investigated. An asymmetrical scheme, rigid beams, concentrated elastic elements and elastic string were the main features of the model. Numerical results of a computer simulation are presented in tabular and graphical form, which makes it easy for sportsmen and coaches to use.

Dual-Band and Dual-Polarized Microstrip Array Antenna for GSM900/DCS1800 MHz Base Stations

Abstract: A plusmn45deg slant dual-polarized, dual-band array antenna suitable for use in base station antennas in GSM900 and DCS1800 MHz bands has been proposed. The simulated -14 dB return loss bandwidth is 8.86% and 10.5% for GSM and DCS bands, respectively, and covers both bands. The isolation between ports of more than 30 dB is also obtained. The SLLs are -15 dB and -14 dB for GSM and DCS pattern which have HPBW of 22deg and 21deg at vertical plane and 70deg and 71deg for horizontal plane at GSM and DCS bands. Maximum gain is 12.8 dBi in GSM band and 11.52 dBi in DCS band. The size of the antenna is about 660 times 460 times 20 mm (25.9 times 18.1 times 0.78 inch)

Manually adjustable outrigger

Abstract: An adjustable outrigger moves a trolling pole on a fishing vessel to an elevated, outboard position for trolling and inboard to a lowered position when not in use. The outrigger of a preferred embodiment is operated using an operating handle. Rotating the operating handle in one direction rotates a pole held by the outrigger from an inboard position to the outboard, deployed position. Simultaneously with the rotation in the horizontal plane, the pole is elevated in the vertical plane from a near horizontal position to a suitable trolling angle. The operating handle turns a shaft that communicates the rotation of the handle to an internal drive mechanism, which is housed in a drive mechanism housing. The rotational motion is converted to a linear, vertical action using a ball gear mechanism. A track provided by a bayonet coupler converts the linear vertical motion into a combined vertical and rotational motion.

Hydraulic steering device for a marine propulsion system

Abstract: A support device for a marine propulsion system, such as an outboard motor, provides a swivel bracket that is rotatable about a tilt axis relative to a transom bracket with a hydraulic cylinder formed as an integral part of the swivel bracket. A vertical plane in which a central axis of the hydraulic cylinder is disposed is positioned between and parallel to vertical planes in which the tilt axis and steering axis are disposed, respectively. The steering axis is rotatable about the tilt axis and a horizontal plane in which the central axis is disposed remains above a horizontal plane in which the tilt axis is disposed.

Effect of internal patch antenna ground plane on SAR

Abstract: This paper investigates the effect of different ground plane configurations of a typical internal planar inverted-F patch antenna (PIFA) on specific absorption rate (SAR). The effect of the size and the addition of vertical sidewall of the ground plane are investigated; it is found that by varying the ground plane locations and configurations, SAR value can be reduced by 15%.

Three-dimensional image display apparatus

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve problems of a conventional three-dimensional image display apparatus employing a plurality of half mirrors wherein it requires a plurality of two-dimensional image display apparatuses resulting in making the system configuration and production of video contents complicated; the virtual image for configuring a three-dimensional image exists only on the vertical plane of the sight line of a viewer and does not utilize the image on a horizontal plane; and further the viewer can view the three-dimensional image only from a prescribed direction. SOLUTION: A two-dimensional video plane is divided into a plurality of image regions, the respective images are displayed, a plurality of the half mirrors are arranged on the plane at a prescribed tilt angle, and a three-dimensional image is displayed by means of overlappingly viewed virtual images in a direction of the visual line of the viewer. There are provided some image regions on which no half mirror is arranged and the three-dimensional image also in combination with the image on the horizontal plane is displayed. Moreover, a full mirror is arranged on the plane so that the three-dimensional image is displayed even in the sight line in direct opposition to the sight line of the viewer. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Modeling of the Turbulent Motion of Particles in a Vertical Channel

Abstract: The results of modeling of the statistical parameters of a turbulent particle motion in a vertical plane channel are presented. The model is based on a kinetic equation for the particle velocity probability density function. The results are compared with direct numerical simulation.

Method and apparatus for measuring surface shape of charged material in blast furnace

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for measuring the surface shape of a charged material in a blast furnace, capable of accurately measuring the surface shape of the charged material as a whole for a short time, which has been charged into the blast furnace and is in a reposed state. SOLUTION: A laser range finder 12 which can rotate or stop at an angle pitch of 0.2-2 degrees on a two-dimensional plane (horizontal plane) and scan a laser beam 11, in a range of 0-180 degrees on a two-dimensional plane (vertical plane) at each stop position, is disposed at a furnace wall 4 located below a charging device 3 at the blast furnace top section. After an elapse of 30-90 seconds, after charging the material to be charged in the furnace, the laser beam is scanned on the two-dimensional plane (vertical plane) at each stop position on the two-dimensional plane (horizontal plane), and the values of the distance from a deposition surface 13f of the charged material 13 in the furnace are measured at an angle pitch of 0.2-2 degrees; and then the three-dimensional shape of the surface of the charged material in the furnace is estimated (determined) from these measured results, the angles of these measurement points on the two-dimensional plane (vertical plane) and angles in relation to respective stop positions on the two-dimensional plane (horizontal plane). COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Study on Asymmetric Tapered Slotline Antenna

Abstract: Two novel but simple structures of asymmetric tapered slotline antenna (TSA) with synthesized radiation pattern is proposed By adjusting the profiles of asymmetric conducting plates respectively, cutting the corrugated slots on side-edges, and setting a backed plate for single-TSA structure, the synthesized pattern in vertical plane can meet the requirement of specific application The prototypes are considered as the scaled sample at 10 GHz for base-station of mobile communication system A single-TSA sample is designed, its measured vertical pattern has 4deg beam tilting, null filling in the lower part, and suppressed side lobe (-199 dB) in the upper part; its HPBW in horizontal pattern is 65deg; it has 117 dBi of directive gain, and 3:1 frequency coverage (556~168 GHz) for VSWRles2:1 Another twin-TSA sample consists of a pair of asymmetric TSAs backed each other with a common excitation by a microstrip line, its simulated vertical pattern at 10 GHz has 7deg beam tilting in both sides, null filling in the lower part and suppressed side-lobe in the upper part; 34deg HPBW in vertical pattern and 60deg in horizontal pattern; and 84 dBi of directivity for each sides

Method of detecting suspended filamentary objects by telemetry

Abstract: A method of detecting the presence of a suspended filamentary object in view of a telemeter on an aircraft includes: i) calculating terrestrial coordinates of points corresponding to telemeter echoes, and selecting candidates; ii) searching a horizontal plane for straight line segments close to vertical projections of candidate points; and iii) searching each vertical plane containing one of the straight line segments for portions of catenaries close to candidate points. In step iii), for each considered vertical plane and each triplet of candidate points close to the considered vertical plane, calculating values of three parameters of a catenary containing the projections on the vertical plane of the three points of the considered triplet, and determining presence of at least one suspended filamentary object as a function of the distribution of values of catenary parameters calculated for all of the triplets of candidate points close to the vertical plane under consideration.

Device, method and program for observing flow velocity at actual river as object of observation

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To conduct flow velocity measurements by determining the geometric conversion parameters from the measurement of the angle and the difference in the elevation between at least two points of singular points, rather than using a plurality of control points whose actual coordinates are known. SOLUTION: A device includes a camera means for photographing surface water flow of an actual river; an angle measurement means for measuring the horizontal angle and the vertical angle, between at least two points of singular points as the angle from the projected center coordinates of the lens of the camera means; a range measurement means for measuring the difference in the elevation, at least from the water surface level to the projected center of lens of the camera means; and an analysis means for inputting the captured image data, the horizontal angle and the vertical angle of the singular points, and the difference in the elevation from water surface level.The analysis means carries out geometric corrections on the slant images of the surface water flow of the real river captured by camera means to the vertical plane images, by using the geometrical conversion parameters determined from the angle measurement means and the range measurement means, executes PIV analysis for the vertical plane images acquired, and calculates the flow velocity data for each part of the water surface of the actual river. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

On-line coal flow control mechanism for vertical spindle mills

Abstract: An improved apparatus for on-line coal flow control in vertical spindle mills comprising a plurality of independently adjustable flow control elements and positioning rods that adjust the positioning of those flow control elements. Each flow control element is positioned within the discharge turret of the vertical spindle mill along the outer wall of the discharge turret proximate the entrance to its corresponding coal outlet pipe. The adjustable rods are seated on the side or top of the discharge turret of the coal pulverizer and are connected to the flow control element horizontally or vertically as the case may be. The flow control elements can be independently rotated by +/−90 degrees about the positioning rod axis, moved back and forth in the horizontal plane, and can also be moved up and down in the vertical plane. Therefore, each flow control element has three degrees-of-freedom: one rotational and two linear displacements. The apparatus improves boiler performance by making it possible to operate the boiler with reduced pollutant levels (e.g. NOx, CO) and increased combustion efficiency. Automated computer control of the control surfaces is contemplated.

Interface for enhanced movement of objects in a display

Abstract: There is described a method for moving at least one object in a vertical plane in a display using an input device having a housing and a member that is rotatable relative to the housing. The method may comprise: selecting at least one object to be moved; rotating the member to move at least one object in a vertical plane; and determining enablement of an elevation control mode for the input device. The at least one object may move vertically when the elevation control mode is enabled. A corresponding graphical user interface facilitating the aforementioned method is also described.

Simplified calculation of ground losses in low- and medium-frequency antenna systems

Abstract: Calculations of ground losses are paramount in obtaining the best performance of a monopole antenna in the low- (LF) and medium-frequency (MF) bands. Ground losses are usually computed numerically, due to difficulties in the mathematical formalism. The novel approach here permits obtaining simple analytical expressions for ground-loss calculations that can be useful for determining the behavior of the ground plane. As a first approximation, the monopole antenna is placed on a perfect electrically conducting (PEC) ground plane in order to obtain the antenna current distribution and the near magnetic field, taking into account the non-zero-radius effect of the monopole. Next, the near magnetic field is used to determine the surface-current density on the ground plane below the antenna. This is divided into two zones: (1) the artificial ground plane, where either a radial-wire ground screen or a metallic layer is used to increase the soil's conductivity; and (2) the natural ground plane or bare soil up to a circular boundary a half wavelength from the antenna's base. The power dissipation is calculated from the artificial and natural ground-plane surface-current densities, and the ground-plane loss resistance is obtained. Also, an effective conductivity is defined as a measure of the ground plane's effectiveness, and the cases of quarter-wave monopoles and short top-loaded antennas are analyzed. Some results are validated by means of numerical computations and moment method simulations

On the Vertical Plane Dynamics Modeling and Depth Control of a Submerged Body Moving beneath Free Surface

Abstract: In this paper, submerged body dynamics model in vertical plane which can include the effect of free surface and wave is suggested to simulate the motions of submerged body moving beneath free surface precisely. A controller is designed, which can maintain a constant depth below the mean sea level and minimize the pitch angle. Numerical simulations show that the designed controller is effective on depth keeping and minimizing pitch angle in regular waves and irregular waves.

Sound field measuring instrument

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accurately measure horizontal and vertical directions of a place where a speaker is installed, in a minimum microphone array structure as fundamental data of sound field control when installing the speaker in the times of multi-channel audio play in home theaters or the like. SOLUTION: A sound field measuring instrument is provided which is constituted of a temperature sensor for temperature correction and in which non-directional microphones are installed at three positions of apexes of a right triangle in the horizontal direction so that the direction of arrival from a sound source on a horizontal plane is detected by three-point microphones, and two non-directional microphones are additionally installed at apexes of a right triangle set in the vertical direction orthogonal with the right triangle in the horizontal direction, so that the direction of arrival from a sound source on a vertical plane is detected by three-point microphones while sharing the microphone in the front direction. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Multifunctional exercise machine

Abstract: A multifunctional exercise machine has columns ( 1, 2 ) extending in the vertical direction and, for example, a foot part ( 12, 17 ) resting on the floor ( 13 ) over which there is arranged, at a certain vertical distance from the floor ( 13 ), a sitting or lying surface ( 9 ) and a backrest ( 10 ) extending above the sitting and lying surface ( 9 ). The machine has actuating devices ( 24, 28, 29 ) to be operated with bodily extremities—foot, hand, arm or the like—which transmits the force exerted by the user via at least one flexible tension means ( 37 )—chain or rope—to one or selectably also to a plurality of rod- or strip-shaped spring elements ( 31 ), clamped in at one end and extending in a vertical plane in the space ( 32 ) bounded by the column parts ( 1, 2 ). The force applied by the user, in each case via the flexible tension means ( 37 ), engages the free upper end portion of the spring element ( 31 ) concerned and elastically deforming this spring element ( 31 ) in the specified vertical plane in the space ( 32 ) bounded by the column parts ( 1, 2 ).

Free convection effects on a perfectly conducting couple stress fluid

Abstract: We have introduced a magnetohydrodynamic model of boundary-layer equations for a perfectly conducting couple-stress fluid. This model is applied to study the effects of free convection currents with thermal relaxation on the flow of a polar fluid through a porous medium, which is bounded by a vertical plane surface. The state space formulation developed in EZZAT [1| and [2] is introduced. The formulation is valid for problems with or without heat sources. The resulting formulation, together with the Laplace transform technique, are applied to a variety of problems. The solution to a thermal shock problem and to the problem of the flow in the whole space with a plane distribution of heat sources are obtained. It is also applied to a semispace problem with a plane distribution of heat sources located inside the fluid. A numerical method is employed for the inversion of the Laplace transforms. The effects of Grashof number, material parameters, Alfven velocity, relaxation time, Prandtl number and the permeability parameter on the velocity, the temperature and the angular velocity distributions are discussed. The effects of cooling and heating of a couple-stress fluid have also been discussed. Numerical results are given and illustrated graphically for the problems considered.