Showing papers on "Xylopia aethiopica published in 2010"
01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: Cameroonian spices exhibit properties that are beneficial to health and could therefore be used as an alternativ e and/or complementary strategy in managing risk factors and associated co-morbidities of diabetes mellitus.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus and associated co-morbidities i ncluding cardiovascular disease (CVD) and obesity are leading causes of mortality. In developing countries, where the per capita income is low, it is necessary to seek affordable alternative therapies. This study investigated 19 different com monly used Cameroonian spices for their polyphenol content, as well as their in v itro antioxidant, anti-amylase and anti-lipase activities. Results indicated that the aqueous extracts of Aframomum daniellii , Hypodapnis zenkeri, Echinops giganteus , Aframomum citratum , Xylopia aethiopica , had more than 75% inhibitory activity for pancrea tic amylase. Xylopia aethiopica (92.25%) and Scorodophloeus zenkeri (56.39%) were most effective in inhibiting the activity of pancreatic lipase. Dichrostachys glomerata (81.58%), Tetrapleura tetraptera (83.94%) and Xylopia parviflora (90.55%) exhibited the most potent 2, 2’-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sul fonic acid) (ABTS + ) radical scavenging activity. These spices therefore exhibit ed properties that are beneficial to health and could therefore be used as an alternativ e and/or complementary strategy in managing risk factors and associated co-morbidities of diabetes mellitus.
72 citations
TL;DR: Insecticidal formulations based on the essential oil of Xylopia aethiopica and kaolinite-clay (particles size less than 50 μm) are efficient in protecting stored grains and depended on storage conditions and duration.
44 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Xylopia aethiopica has a protective effect by inhibiting oxidative damage in testes of irradiated rats by reversing the adverse effects of gamma-radiation.
Abstract: Ionizing radiation is an important environmental risk factor and, a major therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of extract of Xylopia aethiopica (XA) on gamma-radiation-induced testicular damage in rats. Vitamin C (VC) served as the reference antioxidant during the study. The study consists of 4 groups of 11 rats each. Group I received corn oil (vehicle), groups II and IV were pretreated with XA (250 mg/kg) and VC (250mg/kg) for 6 weeks before and 8 weeks after exposure to gamma-radiation; group III was exposed to a single dose of gamma-radiation (5 Gy). Biochemical analysis revealed that gamma-irradiation caused a significant increase (p < .05) in serum and testicular lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels by 217% and 221%, respectively. Irradiated rats had markedly decreased testicular catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Irradiation resulted in 59% and 40% decreases in spermatozoa motility and live/dead sperm count, respectively, and a 161% increase in total sperm abnormalities. Histologically, testes of the irradiated rats showed extensive degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules and defoliation of spermatocytes. Supplementation of XA and VC reversed the adverse effects of gamma-radiation on biochemical and histological indices of the rats. These findings demonstrated that Xylopia aethiopica has a protective effect by inhibiting oxidative damage in testes of irradiated rats.
29 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: X. aethiopica extract can be administered concurrently with ofloxacin, gentamycin, fluconazole and ketoconazole as against the previously held belief that plant extracts should not be administered together with conventional antibiotics because of apparent antagonism.
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and methanolic fruit extracts of Xylopia aethiopica separately and in combination with three antibacterial antibiotics: gentamycin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin; and two antifungal antibiotics: fluconazole and ketoconazole. Methods: Clinically isolated strains of bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and fungi: Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus were used for the assay. The in vitro activities of the methanolic and ethanolic extracts of the X. aethiopica plant fruit and the conventional antibiotic discs were individually and initially investigated before the combined evaluation. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were studied. The agar diffusion method was used for the assays. Results: The extracts were active against P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, S. aureus, A. flavus and C. albicans. Extracts showed little effect against K. pneumonia and no activity against E. coli. MIC ranged between 31.25 mg/ml and 125 mg/ml while MBC varied from 15.65 mg/ml to 62.50 mg/ml. There was synergistic interaction between the plant extracts and most of the antibiotics investigated. Conclusion: X. aethiopica extract shows antimicrobial activity and therefore the potential for further investigation with a view to finding its relevance in chemotherapy. X. aethiopica extract can be administered concurrently with ofloxacin, gentamycin, fluconazole and ketoconazole as against the previously held belief that plant extracts should not be administered together with conventional antibiotics because of apparent antagonism. These findings require in vivo confirmation in animal models.
19 citations
TL;DR: The simultaneous action of three essential oils, obtained by hydrodistillation from leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and Lippia rugosa and fruits of Xylopia aethiopica, on Aspergillus flavus and Sitophilus zeamais was investigated and revealed that low volume and high volume showed the most important efficiencies against A. Flavus and S.Zeamais in a 2 weeks storage.
18 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that X. aethiopica can only effectively control T. castaneum populations that have infested millet but do not prevent cross-infestation via repellency.
Abstract: The toxicity and repellency of Xylopia aethiopica seed extract was investigated in the laboratory against Tribolium castaneum Herbst. Concentration and days after treatment (DAT) caused a significant increase in T. castaneum adult mortality with an interaction effect of both on mortality when filter paper was impregnated with X. aethiopica extract. At 0.2 ml/60 cm2 extract, significant mortality was observed at three–seven DAT when compared with one DAT. At 0.4 ml/60cm2, 100% mortality was recorded at the lowest exposure period of one DAT. When 0.2 ml extract was applied to 5 g millet seeds, mortality at five–seven DAT was significantly higher than mortality observed in the control. Although repellency was dose-dependent, the percentage of T. castaneum that were repelled from treated filter paper was not significant. At 0.4 ml/60 cm2, Class II repellency (26.7%) was observed. The results suggest that X. aethiopica can only effectively control T. castaneum populations that have infested millet but do not p...
17 citations
TL;DR: Treatment with XA and VC ameliorated the radiation-induced decreases in antioxidant status of the animals, suggesting that XA could have beneficial effect by inhibiting oxidative damage in brain of exposed rats.
Abstract: Xylopia aethiopica (XA) (Annonaceae) possesses great nutritional and medicinal values. This study was designed to investigate the effects of XA fruit methanol extract on oxidative stress in brain of rats exposed to whole body γ-radiation (5 Gy). Vitamin C (VC) served as standard antioxidant. Forty-four rats were divided into 4 groups of 11 rats each. One group served as control, two different groups were treated with XA and VC (250 mg/kg), 6 weeks before and 8 weeks after irradiation, and fourth group was only irradiated. Rats were sacrificed 1 and 8 weeks after irradiation. The antioxidant status, viz. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) were estimated. Results indicate a significant increase ( p < 0.05) in levels of brain LPO after irradiation. LPO increased by 90% and 151%, after 1 and 8 weeks of irradiation, respectively. Irradiation caused significant ( p < 0.05) decreases in levels of GSH and GST by 61% and 43% a...
13 citations
Dissertation•
13 Jul 2010
TL;DR: Thesis submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Degree of Master of Philosophy in Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2010 as mentioned in this paper was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree.
Abstract: Thesis Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of Degree of Master of Philosophy in Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2010.
13 citations
13 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The essential oil from the dried fruit of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Richard from Sudan was analyzed using combined GC-MS and 1 HNMR.
Abstract: The essential oil from the dried fruit of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Richard from Sudan was analyzed using combined GC-MS and 1 HNMR. The main constituents identified in the oil were 4-terpineol (11.30%), ?-pinene (6.12%), ?-terpineol (6.02%), 1,8-cineole (5.42%), cis -?-copaene-8-ol (4.68%),13-epimanoyl oxide (4.62%), (+)-spathulenol (4.26%), L-pinocarveol (3.26%), myrtenol (2.94%), o-cymene (2.82%), eudesma-1,3-dien-11-ol (2.35%), eudesma,4-11(13)-dien-2-ol (2.32%), cumic alcohol (2.29%), Kaur-16-ene (2.21%) and ?-pinene (1.88%). Fifteen compounds were identified for the first time in X. aethiopica essential oil, among which thujol, 1,5-epoxysalvial,4(14)-ene, salvial-4(14)-en-1-one and 13-epimanool were the major compounds.
12 citations
TL;DR: The authors results indicate that protection of cowpeas against C. maculatus may be possible using a formulation based on the dry fruits of X. aethiopica; the powder may increase the persistence of the essential oil.
Abstract: Cowpeas, Vigna unguiculata (Walp), are commonly attacked by Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) during storage. Current methods to prevent losses during storage involve synthetic insecticides. Although they have insecticidal efficiency, these products have adverse effects on consumers and the environment. Plant products such as those of Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae) are potential sources of natural insecticides. This study assessed the efficiency of a preparation of the essential oil of X. aethiopica mixed with its powdered fruits in order to increase the persistence of its effect against C. maculatus. The persistence relates to toxicity against adults, the prevention of F1 emergence, oviposition and the development of eggs laid by C. maculatus. Four treatments were compared: 1) control, consisting of 200 g of grain, 2) 200 g of grain mixed with 2 g of powder from X. aethiopica, 3) 200 g of grain mixed with 0.4 ml of essential oil, and finally 4) 200 g of grain mixed with 2 g of powder plus 0.4 ml of essential oil. The results showed that, with powder alone, crude essential oil, and powder imbibed with essential oil, the toxicity lasted respectively for 3, 9 and 12 days (p<0.05). The persistence of the effect of treatment with X. aethiopica powder plus essential oil on the mortality and oviposition of C. maculatus was better than that of the treatment with the crude essential oil (p<0.05 until day 18). Moreover, the X. aethiopica powder enriched with essential oil provoked, after 52 days, 100% of development inhibition. The hatching of eggs of C. maculatus was also inhibited by all the formulations except the control. The authors results indicate that protection of cowpeas against C. maculatus may be possible using a formulation based on the dry fruits of X. aethiopica; the powder may increase the persistence of the essential oil.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a laboratory study was conducted to determine the effect of Allium sativum and Xylopia aethiopica on the growth of Mucor species, Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger isolated from deteriorating sweet potato.
Abstract: A laboratory study was conducted to determine the effect of Allium sativum and Xylopia aethiopica on the growth of Mucor species, Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger isolated from deteriorating sweet potato. While 3% (v/v) aqueous extract of Allium sativum and Xylopia aethiopica reduced the growth of the fungi; a combination of 2% each of both plant extracts retarded the growth better. Partial purification of aqueous extract of Allium sativum and Xylopia aethiopica showed that ethyl acetate fraction of the extracts exhibited the highest level of inhibition of growth of the test fungi compared with n-hexane and diethyl ether fractions. Extracts of Allium sativum and Xylopia aethiopica may be substitutes for conventional chemical preservatives in the processing of juices. Key words : Preservative, conducted, isolated, deteriorating, extract, substitute, conventional
28 Nov 2010-Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria
TL;DR: Increased ileal gut fluid uptake may be beneficial in diarrheal state while an enhanced glucose uptake implies that glucose substrate may be made available to cells for synthesize of ATP for cellular activities.
Abstract: Intestinal fluid and glucose absorption was studied in jejunal and ileal segments in Xylopia aethiopica fed rats using inverted sac technique. Thirty male Wistar rats were assigned into three groups of 10 rats each; control, 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg Xylopia aethiopica treated groups. The control group received normal rat chow and water while the low dose and high dose groups received oral administration of Xylopia aethiopica extract at doses of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg body weight respectively in addition to daily rat chow and water intake for 28 days. The results showed significant reduction and increase in fluid transfer in the jejunum and ileum respectively compared with control. 100mg/kg increased gut fluid uptake in the ileum while 200mg/kg treatment reduced uptake in jejunum compared with control. Both doses had significantly increased jejunal and ileal glucose transfer. Gut glucose uptake was increased in jejunum and ileum of Xylopia aethiopica treated groups. Both doses increased the crypt depth but significantly decreased the villus height in the ileum. In conclusion, increased ileal gut fluid uptake may be beneficial in diarrheal state while an enhanced glucose uptake implies that glucose substrate may be made available to cells for synthesize of ATP for cellular activities.
Patent•
06 Sep 2010
TL;DR: The use of Xylopia aethiopica (I) as an antagonist of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in adipose, alone or in combination with at least one other alpha-2-blocker for the preparation of a slimming composition for topical application, is claimed.
Abstract: Use of Xylopia aethiopica(I), as an antagonist of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in adipose, alone or in combination with at least one other alpha-2-blocker for the preparation of a slimming composition for topical application, is claimed. ACTIVITY : Anorectic. MECHANISM OF ACTION : Alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonist; Alpha-2-blocker.
Patent•
06 Sep 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the use of Xylopia aethiopica as an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist in the preparation of a composition for topical application as well as said compositions is discussed.
Abstract: Use of Xylopia aethiopica as an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist in the preparation of a composition for topical application as well as said compositions. The topical application of such a composition is likely to stop the local accumulation of fat and thus improve the aesthetic appearance of the skin. Such a composition can also be used to massage the skin of the stressed man's body.