Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Interest in catalysis by metal nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing dramatically, as reflected by the large number of publications in the last five years. This field, "semi-heterogeneous catalysis", is at the frontier between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, and progress has been made in the efficiency and selectivity of reactions and recovery and recyclability of the catalytic materials. Usually NP catalysts are prepared from a metal salt, a reducing agent, and a stabilizer and are supported on an oxide, charcoal, or a zeolite. Besides the polymers and oxides that used to be employed as standard, innovative stabilizers, media, and supports have appeared, such as dendrimers, specific ligands, ionic liquids, surfactants, membranes, carbon nanotubes, and a variety of oxides. Ligand-free procedures have provided remarkable results with extremely low metal loading. The Review presents the recent developments and the use of NP catalysis in organic synthesis, for example, in hydrogenation and C--C coupling reactions, and the heterogeneous oxidation of CO on gold NPs.

Nanoparticles as Recyclable Catalysts: The Frontier between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Recovery and reuse of expensive catalysts after catalytic reactions are important factors for sustainable process management. The aim of this Review is to highlight the progress in the formation and catalytic applications of magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic nanocomposites. Directed functionalization of the surfaces of nanosized magnetic materials is an elegant way to bridge the gap between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. The introduction of magnetic nanoparticles in a variety of solid matrices allows the combination of well-known procedures for catalyst heterogenization with techniques for magnetic separation.

Magnetically Separable Nanocatalysts: Bridges between Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis

Biomass gasification presents highly interesting possibilities for expanding the utilization of biomass as power generation using internal combustion engines or turbines. However, the need to reduce the tar in the producer gas is very important. The successful application of producer gas depends not only on the quantity of tar, but also on its properties and compositions, which is associated with the dew-point of tar components. Class 5, 4, and 2 tar become a major cause of condensation which can foul the engines and turbines. Hence, the selectivity of tar treatment method to remove or convert class 5, 4, and 2 tar is a challenge in producer gas utilization. This review was conducted to present the recent studies in tar treatment from biomass gasification. The new technologies with their strengths and the weaknesses in term of tar reduction are discussed.

Tar reduction in biomass producer gas via mechanical, catalytic and thermal methods: A review

Polyaniline nanostructures and the role of aniline oligomers in their formation

Under low-pressure conditions, hydrogenation of alkenes, such as 2-pentene and ethene, is shown to occur on supported palladium nanoparticles, whereas single-crystal palladium surfaces are inactive. This finding is rationalized on the basis of the accessibility of weakly bound subsurface hydrogen (see picture), which is enhanced on particles of nanometer dimensions.

Hydrogenation on metal surfaces: why are nanoparticles more active than single crystals?

http://w0.rz-berlin.mpg.de/hjfdb/pdf/385e.pdf

Alkene chemistry on the palladium surface: nanoparticles vs single crystals

Biodiesel production by esterification of oleic acid over zeolite Y prepared from kaolin

This study reports the potential for the simultaneous removal of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions by FAU-type zeolites prepared from coal fly ash. The zeolite synthesis route was via alkaline fusion followed by the addition of deionised water and hydrothermal treatment using fly ash to water mass ratios of 4, 10, 15, and 20. XRD, XRF, SEM and N2 adsorption measurements were used to characterize the prepared zeolites. Adsorption experiments were carried out for variations in concentration, time, and adsorbent loading. The adsorption process followed pseudo second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm; intra particle diffusion model fitting indicated that diffusion within the pores affected the rate controlling steps and mass transfer across boundary layers for the adsorbate – adsorbent system. The efficacy of FAU – type zeolite for the quinary-metal ions adsorption studied decreased in the order Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Cd(II) > Zn(II) > Co(II).

Simultaneous removal of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions via adsorption on FAU-type zeolites prepared from coal fly ash

Size matters: The adsorption of trans-2-pentene on Pd/Al2O3 model catalysts exhibits site-specific behavior, which results in a strong increase in hydrogenation activity within the 1-5-nm particle size range, in contrast to ethene hydrogenation (see figure). The size effects are explained by the reactions proceeding via di--bonded pentene, which is favored on the terrace sites of large particles, and -bonded ethene.

Aidan M. Doyle

Papers

Hydrogenation on metal surfaces: why are nanoparticles more active than single crystals?

Alkene chemistry on the palladium surface: nanoparticles vs single crystals

Biodiesel production by esterification of oleic acid over zeolite Y prepared from kaolin

Simultaneous removal of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions via adsorption on FAU-type zeolites prepared from coal fly ash

Surface-bonded precursor determines particle size effects for alkene hydrogenation on palladium.