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Biodiesel production by esterification of oleic acid over zeolite Y prepared from kaolin

Aidan M. Doyle, +3 more
- 01 Nov 2016 - 
- Vol. 97, pp 19-23
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TLDR
In this paper, a low Si/Al ratio zeolite Y was used as a catalyst for liquid-phase esterification of oleic acid (a simulated free fatty acid) for biodiesel production.
About: 
This article is published in Renewable Energy.The article was published on 2016-11-01 and is currently open access. It has received 114 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Oleic acid & Faujasite.

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Promising evolution of biofuel generations. Subject review

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- 01 Mar 2019 - 
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of the four liquid biofuel generations as well as the latest development efforts in this field and conclude that the current production methods of biofuel in the first and second generations will soon fail to satisfy the increasing demand on biofuel.
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State of the Art of Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

I.M. Rizwanul Fattah, +6 more
- 19 Jun 2020 - 
TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art and perspectives for catalytic biodiesel production and assesses the critical operational variables that influence biodiesel synthesis along with the technological solutions for sustainable implementation of the process.
Journal ArticleDOI

Biodiesel from batch and continuous oleic acid esterification using zeolite catalysts

Ziad T. Alismaeel, +3 more
- 09 Jul 2018 - 
TL;DR: In this paper, the esterification of oleic acid with ethanol was studied in both batch and continuous conditions in a fixed-bed reactor over FAU-type zeolites prepared from shale rock.
Journal ArticleDOI

Biodiesel process intensification through catalytic enhancement and emerging reactor designs: A critical review

Kang Yao Wong, +5 more
- 01 Dec 2019 - 
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the processing methodologies for biodiesel are extensively evaluated, particularly the mechanisms and theories of the intensification approaches, and the focus of interests are converging towards modularity and greater sustainability, while maintaining feasibility in commercialisation.
Journal ArticleDOI

High purity FAU-type zeolite catalysts from shale rock for biodiesel production

Aidan M. Doyle, +3 more
- 01 Jul 2017 - 
TL;DR: In this article, FAU-type zeolite was prepared using Irish shale rock and tested as a catalyst in the liquid-phase esterification of oleic acid (a model test reaction for biodiesel production).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Biodiesel production through the use of different sources and characterization of oils and their esters as the substitute of diesel: A review

S. P. Singh, +1 more
- 01 Jan 2010 - 
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the source of production and characterization of vegetable oils and their methyl ester as the substitute of the petroleum fuel and future possibilities of Biodiesel production.
BookDOI

Collection of Simulated XRD Powder Patterns for Zeolites Fifth (5th) Revised Edition

Michael Treacy, +1 more
TL;DR: Powder patterns are simulations of disordered intergrowths as discussed by the authors, and they can be used for identification and identification of patterns, as shown in Table 1 : Powder Pattern Identification Table.
Journal ArticleDOI

Homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis for transesterification of high free fatty acid oil (waste cooking oil) to biodiesel: a review.

Man Kee Lam, +2 more
- 01 Jul 2010 - 
TL;DR: It was found that using heterogeneous acid catalyst and enzyme are the best option to produce biodiesel from oil with high FFA as compared to the current commercial homogeneous base-catalyzed process, which still suffers from serious mass transfer limitation problems and therefore is not favorable for industrial application.
Book

Collection of Simulated Xrd Powder Patterns for Zeolites

Michael Treacy, +2 more
TL;DR: Powder patterns are simulations of disordered intergrowths as mentioned in this paper, and they can be used for identification and identification of patterns, as shown in Table 1 : Powder Pattern Identification Table.
Journal ArticleDOI

Zeolites and catalysis

Jens Weitkamp
- 01 Jun 2000 - 
TL;DR: In this article, a review of the fundamentals of zeolite materials science and their application as catalysts is presented, and the most important parameters which allow the preparation of an almost infinite variety of zeolitic materials tailored for a given catalytic application.
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Frequently Asked Questions (9)
Q1. What have the authors contributed in "Biodiesel production by esterification of oleic acid over zeolite y prepared from kaolin" ?

XRD confirmed the presence of the characteristic faujasite 21 structure of zeolite Y, and further analysis was conducted using BET adsorption, FTIR 22 spectroscopy, XRF, DLS particle size and SEM. A range of experimental conditions were 23 employed to study the reaction ; alcohol/oleic acid molar ratio, temperature, and catalyst mass 24 loading. 

5 ml samples were 138 withdrawn from the reaction mixture at 15 minute intervals, and centrifuged for 10 min at 3000 139 rpm to separate the solid zeolite from the liquid phase. 

The esterification of oleic acid with ethanol is a reversible reaction so an excess quantity of ethanol 208 is commonly used to enhance conversion. 

It is well known that an increase in Si/Al ratio for zeolite Y over the range 2.5-240 10 causes increases in Bronsted acid strength and catalyst hydrophobicity and a decrease in the 241 acid site density/number [36]. 

The conversion decreased from 85% to 77%, possibly 229 due to adsorption of water released during esterification, but still retains catalytic activity. 

The reactor was loaded with 50 ml (44.75 g) of oleic acid and 135 the desired amount of pre-heated ethanol (3/1, 6/1 or 9/1 ethanol to oleic acid by molar ratio) was 136 then added. 

Chung and Park showed that the activities of oleic acid esterification 242 on ZSM-5 and mordenite improved as the number of acid sites increased i.e. with lower Si/Al ratio 243 [38]. 

The supernatant layer was analysed by 140 titration with 0.1 N KOH, using phenolphthalein indicator, to evaluate the acid value (AV) as 141 shown in the following equation; 142 143AV = ml of KOH ×N ×56Weigth of Sample (1) 144 145 

The influence of catalyst loading at oleic acid/ethanol molar ratio of 6/1, Fig. 4, shows an increase 218 in maximum conversion from 70 to 85% after 60 min going from 2 to 5 wt% but only a small 219222Fig.