Ajay Kumar

TL;DR: It is observed that inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization reduced Leishmania survival inside macrophages, suggesting that mTOR plays a crucial role in regulation of M1 macrophAGE polarization and direct the innate immune homeostasis towards parasite survival inside host.

TL;DR: The growth and survival of Leishmania depends on the availability of extracellular L-arginine, and in its absence the parasite undergoes ROS mediated, caspase-independent apoptosis-like cell death, therefore, L- arginine metabolism pathway could be a probable target for controlling the growth ofLeishmania parasites and disease pathogenesis.

TL;DR: Findings suggested that L. donovani infection induces hypoxic environment inside the macrophages that activates HIF-1α, which upregulates miR-210, which eventually establishes a suitable environment for the survival of parasite inside the host macrophage by downregulating NF-κB mediated pro-inflammatory immune responses.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that intra-macrophage survival of L. donovani depends on the availability of extracellular l-arginine, and the involvement of the transporters is observed, providing clear evidence for targeting the metabolism of l- arginine and l- Arginine-metabolizing enzymes as an important therapeutic and prophylactic strategy to treat VL.

TL;DR: It is found that rLdISP2 significantly reduces the formation of C3, C5 convertase, and membrane attacking complex (MAC) by lectin pathway (LP) resulting in significant reduction in serum mediated lysis of the parasites.