Akio Kikuchi

TL;DR: The data presented here suggest that systemic DNA/RNA oxidation is commonly observed in neurodegenerative diseases and implies that female patients with PD show higher levels of oxidative stress, which may explain the faster progression of this disease in females.

TL;DR: It is suggested that brain regions related to olfactory function are closely associated with cognitive decline and that severe hyposmia is a prominent clinical feature that predicts the subsequent development of Parkinson's disease dementia.

TL;DR: It is shown that retromer depletion increases the lysosomal turnover of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor, thereby affecting the trafficking of cathepsin D (CTSD) and indicating that the Retromer may play a crucial role in αSYN degradation by modulating the maturation of CTSD and might thereby contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.

TL;DR: It seems plausible that α-synuclein toxicity is dependent on the phosphorylation at Ser129 that induces the UPRs, possibly triggered by the disturbed endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi trafficking.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that α-synuclein (αSYN), a principal culprit for Lewy pathology in Parkinson's disease (PD), was present in endosomal compartments and detectably secreted into the extracellular milieu, and VPS4, a master regulator of MVB sorting, may serve as a determinant of lysosomal targeting or extacellular secretion of αSYN and thereby contribute to the intercellular propagation of LewY pathology in PD.