Several reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in plants as byproducts of aerobic metabolism. Depending on the nature of the ROS species, some are highly toxic and rapidly detoxified by various cellular enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms. Whereas plants are surfeited with mechanisms to combat increased ROS levels during abiotic stress conditions, in other circumstances plants appear to purposefully generate ROS as signaling molecules to control various processes including pathogen defense, programmed cell death, and stomatal behavior. This review describes the mechanisms of ROS generation and removal in plants during development and under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. New insights into the complexity and roles that ROS play in plants have come from genetic analyses of ROS detoxifying and signaling mutants. Considering recent ROS-induced genome-wide expression analyses, the possible functions and mechanisms for ROS sensing and signaling in plants are compared with those in animals and yeast.

REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES: Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Signal Transduction

世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants

Increasing population and consumption are placing unprecedented demands on agriculture and natural resources. Today, approximately a billion people are chronically malnourished while our agricultural systems are concurrently degrading land, water, biodiversity and climate on a global scale. To meet the world's future food security and sustainability needs, food production must grow substantially while, at the same time, agriculture's environmental footprint must shrink dramatically. Here we analyse solutions to this dilemma, showing that tremendous progress could be made by halting agricultural expansion, closing 'yield gaps' on underperforming lands, increasing cropping efficiency, shifting diets and reducing waste. Together, these strategies could double food production while greatly reducing the environmental impacts of agriculture.

https://escholarship.org/content/qt6xw5g085/qt6xw5g085.pdf?t=ovfwpc

Solutions for a cultivated planet

Inhibition of anaerobic digestion process: A review

Proceedings of the GASMAT Workshop on Granular anaerobic sludge; microbiology and technology.

Excretion of cyclic B-(1,2)-glucans by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv trifolii TA-1 .

Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-221712doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b06233View record in Web of Science Record created on 2016-10-18, modified on 2016-11-02

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.5b06233

Alexander J. B. Zehnder

Papers

Proceedings of the GASMAT Workshop on Granular anaerobic sludge; microbiology and technology.

Excretion of cyclic B-(1,2)-glucans by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv trifolii TA-1 .

An American in Zurich: Jerry Schnoor as an Ambassador for U.S. Environmental Science and Engineering.