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Modern Applied Statistics With S

Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

Pedagosko i psiholosko testiranje i procjenjivanje spadaju među najvažnije doprinose znanosti o ponasanju nasem drustvu i pružaju temeljna i znacajna poboljsanja u odnosu na ranije postupke. Iako se ne može ustvrditi da su svi testovi dovoljno usavrseni niti da su sva testiranja razborita i korisna, postoji velika kolicina informacija koje ukazuju na ucinkovitost kvalitetnih instrumenata u onim situacijama u kojima je njihovo koristenje potkrijepljeno validacijskim podacima. Pravilna upotreba testova može dovesti do boljih odluka o pojedincima i programima nego sto bi to bio slucaj bez njihovog koristenja, a također i ukazati na put za siri i pravedniji pristup obrazovanju i zaposljavanju. Međutim, losa upotreba testova može dovesti do zamjetne stete nanesene ispitanicima i drugim sudionicima u procesu donosenja odluka na temelju testovnih podataka. Cilj Standarda je promoviranje kvalitetne i eticne upotrebe testova te uspostavljanje osnovice za ocjenu kvalitete postupaka testiranja. Svrha objavljivanja Standarda je uspostavljanje kriterija za evaluaciju testova, provedbe testiranja i posljedica upotrebe testova. Iako bi evaluacija prikladnosti testa ili njegove primjene trebala ovisiti prvenstveno o strucnim misljenjima, Standardi pružaju okvir koji osigurava obuhvacanje svih relevantnih pitanja. Bilo bi poželjno da svi autori, sponzori, nakladnici i korisnici profesionalnih testova usvoje Standarde te da poticu druge da ih također prihvate.

Standards for educational and psychological testing

The causes of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, are still largely unknown. Current thinking is that major gene mutations cause only a small proportion of all cases and that in most cases, non-genetic factors play a part, probably in interaction with susceptibility genes. Numerous epidemiological studies have been done to identify such non-genetic risk factors, but most were small and methodologically limited. Larger, well-designed prospective cohort studies have only recently reached a stage at which they have enough incident patients and person-years of follow-up to investigate possible risk factors and their interactions. In this article, we review what is known about the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of PD from epidemiological studies.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laneur/PIIS1474442206704719.pdf

Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease. First of two parts.

Die 915 Falle mit bandscheibenbedingter Erkrankung der Lendenwirbelsaule im Rahmen der Deutschen Wirbelsaulenstudie (DWS) wurden klinisch eingehend beschrieben. 43 % der 915 Falle wiesen ein motorisches oder sensomotorisches, 38 % ein sensibles und 19 % ein lokales Wirbelsaulen(WS)-Syndrom. Der arithmetische Mittelwert und die Standardabweichung fur die Schmerzintensitat anhand einer Schmerzskala lagen bei 7,4 ± 1,9 mit einem Medianwert bei 8 und sprechen fur ein relativ hohes Schmerzniveau bei den Probanden. Auch der Oswestry-Score ist vereinbar mit einer hohen Einschrankung der Patienten bei alltaglichen Verrichtungen.

Informationen für den Gutachter der Berufskrankheit 2108

Commentary: Post- COVID-19 mobility and traffic noise-induced health effects.

[Health surveillance for workers exposed to beryllium and diagnostic procedures in beryllium-associated diseases].

Abstract Background Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) is a disabling disease affecting around 33 million people worldwide. People of working age and the elderly are at increased risk of developing HOA and the disease is associated with high costs at individual and societal levels due to sick leaves, job loss, total hip replacements and disability pension. This systematic review evaluated the influence of physically demanding occupations on the development of HOA in men. Methods Cohort studies, case–control studies and cross-sectional studies with publications in English or German, which assessed the association between exposure to physically demanding occupations and development of HOA, were searched in electronic databases (Medline, Embase, HSE-Line, Cochrane Library) and conference abstracts from 1990 until May 2020. We assessed the methodological quality of selected studies, interpreted all relative effect estimators as relative risks (RRs) and meta-analytically reviewed the effects of occupations with high physical workloads. All steps are based on a study protocol published in PROSPERO (CRD42015016894). Results Seven cohort studies and six case–control studies were included. An elevated risk to develop HOA was shown for six physically demanding occupational groups. Working in agriculture including fishery and forestry and food production doubles the risk of HOA. Construction, metal working and sales as well as exposure to whole body vibration while driving vehicles increases the risk by roughly 50 to 60%. Unskilled or basic level workers, who were frequently exposed to repetitive heavy manual work, had nearly a doubled risk (RR 1.89 95%CI: 1.29 to 2.77) compared to workers with lower exposure. Conclusions Existing studies state an association between various occupations with high physical workload and an increased risk of developing HOA. High Physical workloads include including lifting and carrying heavy loads, demanding postures, repetitive activities, long standing and running, as well as exposure to body vibrations. Occupational prevention and early detection as well as individual health promotion strategies should place their focus on reducing the impact of high physical strain at work sites. 

https://occup-med.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12995-022-00358-y

Influence of physically demanding occupations on the development of osteoarthritis of the hip: a systematic review

Ziel Schwellenwerte zu larmbedingten Gesundheitsgefahrdungen liegen derzeit bei Verkehrslarmpegeln von 70 Dezibel (dB) am Tag und 60 dB in der Nacht. Nach aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen gewahrleisten diese Schwellenwerte keinen hinreichenden Gesundheitsschutz. Ziel dieser Modellrechnung ist es, die Auswirkungen von 3 Szenarien konkreter Larmminderungsmasnahmen auf Larmbelastigung, Schlafstorungen und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen getrennt voneinander zu schatzen. Methodik Fur Strasen- und Bahnlarm werden 3 Larmminderungsmasnahmen (Pegelsenkungen) modelliert: (1) gewichtete 24 Stunden-Mittelungspegel LDEN von maximal 65 dB bzw. nachtliche Mittelungspegel LNight von 55 dB, (2) LDEN von maximal 60 dB bzw. LNight von 50 dB, (3) eine generelle Senkung von Strasen- und Bahnlarmpegel um 3 dB. Effekte der Masnahmen (1) bis (3) werden exemplarisch fur die Studienpopulation der NORAH-Studie zu Krankheitsrisiken (Rhein-Main-Gebiet) ermittelt. Dabei werden die gesundheitlichen Folgen zum einen auf Grundlage der WHO Noise Guidelines (2018), zum anderen auf Grundlage der NORAH-Studie zu Krankheitsrisiken abgeschatzt. Ergebnisse Die Modellrechnungen zeigen, dass Larmminderungsmasnahme (1) die Zahl durch Verkehrslarm hoch Belastigter und stark durch nachtlichen Verkehrslarm Schlafgestorter sowie die Zahl an einer verkehrslarmbedingten Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankung erkrankender Menschen um etwa 5–10% senken konnte. Eine Larmminderung nach (2) konnte eine Verringerung verkehrslarmbedingter Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen von mindestens etwa 10% erzielen; nach den WHO Noise Guidelines ware sogar eine Verringerung strasenlarmbedingter ischamischer Herzkrankheiten um mehr als 30% erreichbar. Diese Masnahmen wurden besonders der hoch larmbelasteten Bevolkerung nutzen – einer ohnehin aufgrund ihrer eingeschrankten soziookonomischen Ressourcen vulnerablen Personengruppe. Mit der generellen Absenkung von Verkehrslarmpegeln um 3 dB liese sich die Haufigkeit von Larmbelastigungen und verkehrslarmbedingten Schlafstorungen insbesondere bei den gering bis mittelgradig Larmexponierten verringern. Schlussfolgerungen Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Zielrichtungen bzw. Zielgruppen der untersuchten Larmminderungsmasnahmen sollte die Einfuhrung und Umsetzung konkreter Pegelgrenzwerte durch eine Verringerung des Verkehrslarms im Bereich unterhalb der Pegelgrenzwerte erganzt werden.

Andreas Seidler

Papers

Informationen für den Gutachter der Berufskrankheit 2108

Commentary: Post- COVID-19 mobility and traffic noise-induced health effects.

[Health surveillance for workers exposed to beryllium and diagnostic procedures in beryllium-associated diseases].

Influence of physically demanding occupations on the development of osteoarthritis of the hip: a systematic review

[Effects of Noise Protection Measures on Annoyance, Sleep Disorders, and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Model Calculation].