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Modern Applied Statistics With S

Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

Pedagosko i psiholosko testiranje i procjenjivanje spadaju među najvažnije doprinose znanosti o ponasanju nasem drustvu i pružaju temeljna i znacajna poboljsanja u odnosu na ranije postupke. Iako se ne može ustvrditi da su svi testovi dovoljno usavrseni niti da su sva testiranja razborita i korisna, postoji velika kolicina informacija koje ukazuju na ucinkovitost kvalitetnih instrumenata u onim situacijama u kojima je njihovo koristenje potkrijepljeno validacijskim podacima. Pravilna upotreba testova može dovesti do boljih odluka o pojedincima i programima nego sto bi to bio slucaj bez njihovog koristenja, a također i ukazati na put za siri i pravedniji pristup obrazovanju i zaposljavanju. Međutim, losa upotreba testova može dovesti do zamjetne stete nanesene ispitanicima i drugim sudionicima u procesu donosenja odluka na temelju testovnih podataka. Cilj Standarda je promoviranje kvalitetne i eticne upotrebe testova te uspostavljanje osnovice za ocjenu kvalitete postupaka testiranja. Svrha objavljivanja Standarda je uspostavljanje kriterija za evaluaciju testova, provedbe testiranja i posljedica upotrebe testova. Iako bi evaluacija prikladnosti testa ili njegove primjene trebala ovisiti prvenstveno o strucnim misljenjima, Standardi pružaju okvir koji osigurava obuhvacanje svih relevantnih pitanja. Bilo bi poželjno da svi autori, sponzori, nakladnici i korisnici profesionalnih testova usvoje Standarde te da poticu druge da ih također prihvate.

Standards for educational and psychological testing

The causes of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, are still largely unknown. Current thinking is that major gene mutations cause only a small proportion of all cases and that in most cases, non-genetic factors play a part, probably in interaction with susceptibility genes. Numerous epidemiological studies have been done to identify such non-genetic risk factors, but most were small and methodologically limited. Larger, well-designed prospective cohort studies have only recently reached a stage at which they have enough incident patients and person-years of follow-up to investigate possible risk factors and their interactions. In this article, we review what is known about the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of PD from epidemiological studies.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/laneur/PIIS1474442206704719.pdf

Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease. First of two parts.

Die zunehmende Bedeutung von modernster Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik in der Produktion, die zunehmende Digitalisierung und intelligente Fertigungssteuerung als Merkmale von Industrie 4.0 stellen auch den Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz (AGS) vor neue Herausforderungen. Noch ist wenig bekannt, welche gesundheitlichen Folgen der technologische Wandel mit sich bringt. In 2 Unternehmen der Halbleiterindustrie (Hersteller, Zulieferer) wurden leifadengestutzte Experteninterviews mit jeweils 7 Beschaftigten verschiedener Bereiche durchgefuhrt. Die transkribierten Interviews wurden mit MAXQDA ausgewertet und einer thematischen Analyse unterzogen. Beide Unternehmen sind durch einen unterschiedlichen Stand der Technik gekennzeichnet, doch zeigt sich ubergreifend, dass die Beschaftigten kontinuierlich Veranderungen ausgesetzt sind, die Anpassungsleistungen erforderlich machen. So sind Qualifizierungsmasnahmen und steigende Anforderungen an die Beschaftigten ein wichtiges Thema. Wahrend korperlich schwere Arbeit zunehmend von Technik ubernommen werden kann und damit an Bedeutung verliert, ergeben sich im Zusammenhang mit einem Zuwachs an Uberwachungs- und Entscheidungserfordernissen eher psychische Belastungen. Die Gestaltung des AGS und die Schaffung gesundheitsforderlicher Arbeit mussen die Veranderungen von Belastungen genauso berucksichtigen wie das Weiterbestehen klassischer Gefahrdungen.

Gesunde Arbeit in Pionierbranchen (GAP)

Introduction Work-life conflicts (WLC) may impact health, but few studies prospectively consider the impact of WLC on objective outcomes such as cardiovascular disease. Using data from the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS), we examined if WLC at baseline was associated with an increased five-year incidence of cardiovascular events (myocardial infarct, stroke, atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, sudden cardiac death). We also considered if WLC was associated with incident hypertension and arterial stiffness and if the effects of WLC on cardiovascular health differ for men and women. Methods A working subsample of the 15,010 GHS cohort participants completed the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, which included five "work-privacy conflict" questions at baseline and at the five-year follow-up. Relative risks for incident hypertension due to increased WLC at baseline (WLC scores exceeding 60 out of 100) were estimated with Poisson regression in the subgroup of participants without hypertension at baseline (n = 2426). Categories of WLC at baseline and follow-up were also used to examine the risk of hypertension due to chronic/recurrent WLC. In this subgroup, we also examined the association between WLC as a continuous score ranging from 0 to 100 with change to arterial stiffness after five years using linear regression. Hazard ratios were estimated for incident cardiovascular events in a larger subsample of participants without prevalent cardiovascular disease at baseline (n = 3698) using Cox regression. We used various multivariable regression models to adjust for sex, age, socioeconomic status, occupational, household, and cardiovascular risk factors. Results We found no association between WLC and incident hypertension or increased arterial stiffness. The fully-adjusted relative risk for WLC >60 at baseline and hypertension was 0.93 (95% 0.74-1.17). The risk of hypertension due to chronic/recurrent WLC >60 was increased but not statistically significant (RR = 1.13, 95% CI 0.83-1.54). Overall, hazard ratios for incident cardiovascular events were also not increased. However, stratifying the results by sex resulted in a hazard ratio of 1.47 (95% CI 0.54-3.98) for incident cardiovascular disease among women in the fully adjusted model. Conclusions Although our results were not statistically significant, they indicate that WLC is negatively impacting the cardiovascular health of women. While these results need to be confirmed with additional research and a longer follow-up, interventions to prevent WLC will promote health and could be especially beneficial for women.

/pdf/work-life-conflict-and-cardiovascular-health-5-year-follow-gc7wv5wc87.pdf

Work-life conflict and cardiovascular health: 5-year follow-up of the Gutenberg Health Study.

Institut und Poliklinik fur Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Medizinische Fakultat, Technische Universitat DresdenBibliografieDOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1304894Psychiat Prax 2012; 39:103–105© Georg Thieme Verlag KGStuttgart · New YorkISSN 0303-4259KorrespondenzadresseProf. Dr. med.Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, MPHInstitut fur Sozialmedizin,Arbeitsmedizin und PublicHealth, Universitat Leipzig,Medizinische FakultatPhilipp-Rosenthal-Strase 5504103 LeipzigSteffi.Riedel-Heller@medizin.uni-leipzig.deProf. Dr. med.Steffi G. Riedel-Heller

Psychische Gesundheit und Arbeit Mental Health and Work

Effect of the psychosocial working environment on cognition and dementia – A systematic review

Letter to the editor regarding, "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury".

Andreas Seidler

Papers

Gesunde Arbeit in Pionierbranchen (GAP)

Work-life conflict and cardiovascular health: 5-year follow-up of the Gutenberg Health Study.

Psychische Gesundheit und Arbeit Mental Health and Work

Effect of the psychosocial working environment on cognition and dementia – A systematic review

Letter to the editor regarding, "The effect of occupational exposure to noise on ischaemic heart disease, stroke and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury".