다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Statistical physics has proven to be a fruitful framework to describe phenomena outside the realm of traditional physics. Recent years have witnessed an attempt by physicists to study collective phenomena emerging from the interactions of individuals as elementary units in social structures. A wide list of topics are reviewed ranging from opinion and cultural and language dynamics to crowd behavior, hierarchy formation, human dynamics, and social spreading. The connections between these problems and other, more traditional, topics of statistical physics are highlighted. Comparison of model results with empirical data from social systems are also emphasized.

Statistical physics of social dynamics

We have studied the three quark system in a relativized version of the quark potential model with chromodynamics. With parameters consistent with those of an analogous study of meson spectroscopy we obtain a successful description of the spectrum of baryons. The model naturally explains the apparent absence of spin‐orbit interactions in baryons.

Baryons in a relativized quark model with chromodynamics

Monthly Notices is one of the three largest general primary astronomical research publications. It is an international journal, published by the Royal Astronomical Society. This article 1 describes its publication policy and practice.

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

At the present time there is a lively debate within the nuclear community concerning the relevance of quark degrees of freedom in understanding nuclear structure. We outline the key issues and review the impressive progress made recently within the framework of the quark-meson coupling model. In particular, we explain in quite general terms how the modification of the internal structure of hadrons in-medium leads naturally to three- and four-body forces, or equivalently, to density dependent effective interactions.

Progress in understanding the nuclear equation of state at the quark level

We present an analysis of the eﬀect of a dark photon on the rare kaon decay 𝐾 𝐿 → 𝜋 0 𝜈 ¯ 𝜈 . All relevant couplings of the dark photon to the Standard Model particles are derived explicitly in terms of the dark photon mass and the mixing parameter. We ﬁnd that the dark photon yields no more than a few percent correction to the branching ratio Br ( 𝐾 𝐿 → 𝜋 0 𝜈 ¯ 𝜈 ) in the region of interest.

Dark photon eﬀect on the rare kaon decay 𝐾 𝐿 → 𝜋 0 𝜈 ¯ 𝜈

The description of the polarized quark hadronization process is one of the most challenging problems in the physics of strong interactions. The various single hadron and dihadron fragmentation functions, that quantify this process, are determined by analyzing the inclusive production of hadrons in electron-positron semi-inclusive annihilation process (SIA). These, in turn, are used to extract the transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions from the experiments on semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering process (SIDIS), elucidating the spin-orbit correlations in nucleon. Here we present a framework for new measurements of polarized quark fragmentation functions in electron-positron annihilation and deep inelastic semi-inclusive processes. These measurements offer a number of exciting opportunities to improve our understanding of the polarized quark hadronization and test the universality of the fragmentation functions. Such measurements can be performed at the upcoming BELLE-II, JLab-12 and the future EIC experiments.

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New way to access the quark fragmentation functions in electron-positron annihilation

Recent work unambiguously resolves the level of charge symmetry violation in moments of parton distributions using 2+1-flavor lattice QCD. We introduce the methods used for that analysis by applying them to determine the strong contribution to the proton-neutron mass difference. We also summarize related work which reveals that the fraction of baryon spin which is carried by the quarks is in fact structure-dependent rather than universal across the baryon octet.

Progress in resolving charge symmetry violation in nucleon structure

Ian McCarthy was one of Australia's outstanding theoretical physicists. He was born in country South Australia and, after a PhD at the University of Adelaide, and periods of work in the UK and USA, he returned to South Australia where for several decades he led an outstanding research program at Flinders University. Ian's career had two major stages. In the first, he made major contributions to nuclear reaction theory, including very important insights into the physical consequences of the optical model and state-of-the-art calculations of proton knock-out from nuclei. In the second phase, he imported the concept of the knock-out reaction to atomic, molecular and solid state physics. Using the (e,2e) reaction, for which he and his colleagues developed the theoretical framework, his group made major contributions in these areas.

Anthony W. Thomas

Papers

Progress in understanding the nuclear equation of state at the quark level

Dark photon eﬀect on the rare kaon decay 𝐾 𝐿 → 𝜋 0 𝜈 ¯ 𝜈

New way to access the quark fragmentation functions in electron-positron annihilation

Progress in resolving charge symmetry violation in nucleon structure

Ian Ellery McCarthy 1930–2005