Showing papers by "Archana Sharma published in 1990"
TL;DR: Protection against clastogenicity induced by lead (Pb) and aluminium (Al) salts on mouse bone marrow chromosomes may be due to the combined action of all ingredients, rather than to AA alone.
Abstract: Extract of Phyllanthus emblica fruit and ascorbic acid were evaluated separately for protection against clastogenicity induced by lead (Pb) and aluminium (Al) salts on mouse bone marrow chromosomes. Oral administration of Phyllanthus fruit extract (PFE) for 7 days before exposure to both metals by intraperitoneal injection increased the frequency of cell division and reduced the frequency of chromosome breaks significantly. Comparable doses of synthetic ascorbic acid (AA) were less effective and could protect against the effects of Al and only a low dose of Pb (10 mg/kg body weight). AA administered before treatment in mice given higher doses of Pb (40 mg/kg body weight) enhanced the frequency of chromosome breaks, giving a synergistic effect. The higher protection afforded by PFE may be due to the combined action of all ingredients, rather than to AA alone.
65 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The results indicate that tartrazine is more clastogenic than curcumin, and sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations induced byCurcumin and Tartrazine following acute and chronic exposure via the diet.
Abstract: Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations induced by curcumin (a natural dye) and tartrazine (a synthetic dye) were studied on bone marrow cells of mice and rats following acute and chronic exposure via the diet. Except for two low concentrations in the curcumin and one low concentration in the tartrazine treated series a significant increase in SCEs was observed in all the concentrations of the two dyes tested. Except for two high concentrations during the 9 months treatment no significant increase in chromosomal aberrations was observed in the curcumin treated series, whereas tartrazine showed a significant increase in chromosomal aberrations in some of the higher concentrations in all the series tested. The results indicate that tartrazine is more clastogenic than curcumin.
59 citations
TL;DR: Copper sulphate administered intraperitoneally to Swiss albino mice in vivo induced a significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells as all concentrations used when compared to the negative control.
59 citations
TL;DR: The progressive increase in the use of aluminium compounds has enhanced the possibility of human exposure and, in spite of its low absorption rate, A1 accumulates in certain tissues, resulting in neurotoxic effects.
34 citations
TL;DR: A comparison of the cytotoxic activity of cationic (MnSO4) and anionic (KMnO4) salts of inorganic manganese in the mouse in vivo indicated that the former was more strongly clastogenic than the latter.
Abstract: A comparison of the cytotoxic activity of cationic (MnSO4) and anionic (KMnO4) salts of inorganic manganese in the mouse in vivo indicated that the former was more strongly clastogenic than the latter. Mice were administered different doses of the salt orally over a period of 3 weeks. In general, both the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells and micronuclei were increased significantly by both salts. Sperm-head abnormalities showed a significant enhancement as well. The clastogenic effects were directly related to the concentrations used and were not markedly influenced by the duration of treatment. In view of the known affinity of Mn2+ for chromosomal components, it has been suggested that the effects were medicated by these ions produced directly from MnSO4 and indirectly from KMnO4 following conversion under acidic pH of the gastric juices.
33 citations
TL;DR: The clastogenicity of trimethyltin chloride was evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes with micronucleus counts (MNC) as the endpoint and higher frequencies of MNC enhancement were observed in male individuals than in females.
32 citations
TL;DR: The persistence of chromosomal abnormalities in the form of replicating minutes and exchange configurations, even 1114 days after exposure to the gas, may indicate a residual effect on T-cell precursors.
Abstract: Frequencies of chromosomal abnormalities, sister chromatid exchanges, and replicative index were assessed following peripheral lymphocyte culture in 129 individuals from Bhopal, India. Of these, 83 persons (40 male and 43 female) had been exposed directly to the methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas after the accident at the Union Carbide plant on December 2 and 3, 1984. The remaining 46 samples were taken from age-matched unexposed persons in the same city. Chromosome aberrations were recorded at first cycle metaphase (M1) and sister chromatid exchanges, at second cycle metaphase (M2), following standard schedule. The frequency of chromosomal aberrations was, in general, higher in individuals from the exposed populations, with the females showing a higher incidence. Nondisjunction of chromosomes or laggard was rare. The frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges and depression in mitotic and replicative indices could not be related to exposure or sex. The persistence of chromosomal abnormalities in the form of replicating minutes and exchange configurations, even 1114 days after exposure to the gas, may indicate a residual effect on T-cell precursors.
29 citations
TL;DR: Oral administration of aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit and P. niruri leaves to laboratory bred albino mice for a week significantly reduced the cytotoxic action of lead nitrate and aluminium sulphate.
Abstract: Oral administration of aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus emblica L. fruit and P. niruri L. leaves to laboratory bred albino mice for a week, significantly reduced the cytotoxic action of lead nitrate and aluminium sulphate. The frequency of chromosomal breakages, gaps and rearrangements induced by three concentrations of these salts was decreased when compared to the control animals which had received the salts alone. The plant extracts were equally effective in modifying the clastogenic effects of both lead nitrate and aluminium sulphate.
22 citations
TL;DR: The results showed that the toxic effects of lower concentrations of heavy metal lead, with respect to the parameters mentioned, could be antagonised by the essential metal iron.
Abstract: The cytotoxic effects of cadmium and lead: non-essential trace metals in combination with important trace elements-zinc and iron respectively were studied on cell division and chromosomal aberrations in leaf-tip cells of Vallisneria spiralis L., a submerged aquatic plant. The results showed that the toxic effects of lower concentrations of heavy metal lead, with respect to the parameters mentioned, could be antagonised by the essential metal iron. Zinc, on the other hand, further accentuated the effect of cadmium: the frequency of dividing cells decreased and the percentages of chromosomal aberrations were significantly high in the combination sets.
16 citations
TL;DR: The incidence of chromosome aberrations increased linearly with increasing concentrations of the chemical from 1/20th to 1/5th of the LD50, and the frequency of cell division was enhanced by the lower doses but higher doses were mitostatic.
14 citations
TL;DR: This is the first report on the clastogenicity of zirconium oxychloride, and female mice were found to be more susceptible than male mice, though not to a significantly higher level.
TL;DR: Oral administration of different concentrations of Strontium chloride to laboratory bred mice in vivo induced chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cell metaphase preparations resulted in clastogenicity and females showed greater susceptibility than the males at all concentrations used.
Abstract: Oral administration of different concentrations of Strontium chloride to laboratory bred mice in vivo induced chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cell metaphase preparations. The degree of clastogenicity was directly proportional to concentration used at 6, 12, and 24 h of treatment. Duration of treatment could only be related positively in the lower doses. The females showed greater susceptibility than the males at all concentrations used.
TL;DR: Cationic (MnSO4.H2O) and anionic (KMnO4) manganese salts in aqueous solutions enhanced the frequency of chromosomal aberrations including both chromosome- and chromatid-type breaks, gaps, translocations and spindle disturbances in different plant systems in vivo to a statistically significant level.
Abstract: Cationic (MnSO4·H2O) and anionic (KMnO4) manganese salts in aqueous solutions enhanced the frequency of chromosomal aberrations including both chromosome- and chromatid-type breaks, gaps, translocations and spindle disturbances in different plant systems in vivo to a statistically significant level. The activity of the cationic salt was more drastic, particularly on the submerged plant studied (Vallisneria spiralis L.), on prolonged exposure, when compared with bulbs of Allium cepa L. and seeds of Pisum sativum L.
TL;DR: A difference in average amount of nuclear DNA with increase in age of the callus was recorded and the value also differed amongst these populations and the role of endomitotic replication as well as non-disjunction of chromosomes resulting in the variation in chromosome number has been suggested.
Abstract: Karyological changes in the callus tissue ofCostus speciosus (Koen.) Sm. at different ages have been analysed both by counting chromosome number and quantitating DNA content through cytophotometry. The cultures had been established from the tuber and maintained in modified Murashige and Skoog's basal medium (Physiol. Plant. 15: 473–497, 1962) supplemented with 2,4-D, NAA and BAP. Abnormality in chromosome behaviour leading to the formation of hypo- and hyperdiploid cells along with the diploid cells was observed. The abnormalities reached an optimum at different ages of the callus followed by a decline which varied amongst three populations. The frequency of hyperdiploid cells was higher than that of the hypodiploids. The role of endomitotic replication as well as non-disjunction of chromosomes resulting in the variation in chromosome number has been suggested. This was supported by the nuclear DNA value in successive passages. A difference in average amount of nuclear DNA with increase in age of the callus was recorded and the value also differed amongst these populations.
01 Feb 1990
TL;DR: In situ nuclear DNA amount varied significantly between 23 varieties of Capsicum annuum and mean values of nuclear DNA showed no correlation with chromosome length.
Abstract: In situ nuclear DNA amount varied significantly between 23 varieties ofCapsicum annuum. Mean values of nuclear DNA showed no correlation with chromosome length. Somatic chromosome number is constant 2n=24 in all the varieties.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Oral administration of calcium, following by aluminium or together with Al, has been found to counteract the toxic effects of the latter metal as observed in histological preparations of liver, brain, kidney, and bone of laboratory albino rats.
Abstract: Oral administration of calcium, following by aluminium or together with Al, has been found to counteract the toxic effects of the latter metal as observed in histological preparations of liver, brain, kidney, and bone of laboratory albino rats. No such improvement was seen if Ca was administered after Al. The protection afforded by Ca against Al toxicity may be due to the previous occupation by Ca ions of the binding sites of Al ions in the affected organs.
TL;DR: The Histopathological Effect Of Chewing Of Betel Quid Without Tobacco Was Studied By Simulating 14 Different Chewing Habits Using The Mouse Glandular Stomach Mucosa As A Model Mammalian System to Find Out Whether These Changes Were Erosions and Regenerative Hyperplasia Of The Pyloric Glands.
Abstract: The Histopathological Effect Of Chewing Of Betel Quid Without Tobacco Was Studied By Simulating 14 Different Chewing Habits Using The Mouse Glandular Stomach Mucosa As A Model Mammalian System. Chronic Oral Administration For 8 To 10 Months Resulted In Marked Architectural Atypia In Animals Receiving Extracts Of Areca Catechu L. Red Nut, With Piper Betle L. Varieties and A Combination Of Nut, Leaf and Lime. The Initial Histologic Changes Were Erosions and Regenerative Hyperplasia Of The Pyloric Glands. After Atrophy and Erosion Of The Mucosa, Regenerative Glandular Hyperplasia Developed In Animals Receiving Lime Suspension While Marked Adenomatous Hyperplasia Exhibiting Excessive Glandular Proliferation, Often With Peripheral Growth Into The Stomach Cavity, With Few Cellular Atypism Developed In Animals Receiving Combinations Of P. Betle Var. Bangla, A. Catechu and Low Concentration Of Lime (B Bn Lmn) and A. Catechu With Low Concentration Of Lime (Cbn Lmn). High Dose Of Lime Together With P. Betle...
TL;DR: The somatic chromosome number in three different varieties of Cuminum cyminum L. and two varieties of Carum copticum Benth.
Abstract: The somatic chromosome number in three different varieties of Cuminum cyminum L. and two varieties of Carum copticum Benth. and Hook. are 2n=14 and 2n=18 respectively. Most of the chromosomes in C. cyminum possess submedian or subterminal constrictions. Karyotype analysis shows gross morphological similarity in C. cyminum despite the evolution of different varieties. In length and volume of chromosomes, no marked variations among the varieties are found. The study of DNA content also reveals varietal constancy with slight variation in the different varieties of C. cyminum. A proportionate increase in DNA content is recorded with the increase in length and volume in the varieties.A gross homogeneity in chromosome morphology is also found in the two varieties of Carum copticum. Majority of the chromosomes possess either nearly median or nearly submedian centromere with little size difference of the chromosome complement. Along with minor karyotype differences in two varieties, a marked variation is found in total chromosome length and volume. However, 4C DNA value between the two varieties of C. copticum reveals a rather consistent picture. Therefore, the differences in chromosome length and volume may be attributed to differential spiralization and condensation of chromosomes along with the content of protein and DNA. The constancy in the amount of DNA in different varieties of same species is a clear index of the selective value of this amount.
TL;DR: The present experiment with both plant and animal systems indicated its toxicity, with Mn2+ induced statistically significant number of breaks in both the systems in vivo.
Abstract: Manganese, a metal of the first group of transitional elements is a known essential element for nutrition in both plant and animal systems. Information on the effects of Mn on cell division and chromosome, particularly in vivo is relatively meagre. The present experiment with both plant and animal systems indicated its toxicity. Mn2+ induced statistically significant number of breaks in both the systems in vivo.
TL;DR: Cytotoxic effects of Al, measured by the induction of chromosomal aberrations, were countered by treatment with Ca and protection afforded was maximum when Ca was fed at a ratio of 3:1, as related to Al, 2 hours before the administration of Al.
Abstract: The interaction of Al with Ca in six different combinations was studied in bone marrow chromosomes following daily oral administration for prolonged periods. Cytotoxic effects of Al, measured by the induction of chromosomal aberrations, were countered by treatment with Ca. The protection afforded was maximum when Ca was fed at a ratio of 3:1, as related to Al, 2 hours before the administration of Al.