Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism

We present VOSviewer, a freely available computer program that we have developed for constructing and viewing bibliometric maps. Unlike most computer programs that are used for bibliometric mapping, VOSviewer pays special attention to the graphical representation of bibliometric maps. The functionality of VOSviewer is especially useful for displaying large bibliometric maps in an easy-to-interpret way. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part, an overview of VOSviewer’s functionality for displaying bibliometric maps is provided. In the second part, the technical implementation of specific parts of the program is discussed. Finally, in the third part, VOSviewer’s ability to handle large maps is demonstrated by using the program to construct and display a co-citation map of 5,000 major scientific journals.

/pdf/software-survey-vosviewer-a-computer-program-for-505jc6bwmd.pdf

Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping.

http://www.oni.uerj.br/media/downloads/1-s2.0-S0048733399000554-main.pdf

The dynamics of innovation: from national systems and "Mode" 2 to a triple helix of university-industry-government relations.

Abstract The Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations is compared with alternative models for explaining the current research system in its social contexts. Communications and negotiations between institutional partners generate an overlay that increasingly reorganizes the underlying arrangements. The institutional layer can be considered as the retention mechanism of a developing system. For example, the national organization of the system of innovation has historically been important in determining competition. Reorganizations across industrial sectors and nation states, however, are induced by new technologies (biotechnology, ICT). The consequent transformations can be analyzed in terms of (neo-)evolutionary mechanisms. University research may function increasingly as a locus in the “laboratory” of such knowledge-intensive network transitions.

The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and

https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/6761018/Geels02technological.pdf

Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: a multi-level perspective and a case-study

/pdf/fashions-lock-ins-and-the-heterogeneity-of-knowledge-kl4t77q80u.pdf

Fashions, Lock-ins and the Heterogeneity of Knowledge Production

The orientation towards Grand Challenges creates a challenge for science, technology, and innovation (STI) policies and practices as we know them, because they are of a different kind than usual STI policy concerns. Grand Challenges are sometimes seen as priorities for R&D and innovation stimulation, and treated that way, say, through dedicated public funding. But they should rather be seen as open-ended missions, and missions concerning the socioeconomic system as a whole, even inducing (or requiring) system transformation. Thus, Grand Challenges are ambitious, but not in the way the Manhattan Project (to develop an atom bomb) and the Apollo Project (to put a man on the moon) were. There, the challenge was technical (and organisational), and whether the goals were achieved or not was unambiguous. Grand Challenges, though, pertain to heterogeneous elements and forces, which have to be mobilised, guided and integrated, and include social innovation. Many different actors need to be involved, and the perspectives on what is the problem and what constitutes its resolution differ across various societal groups. Also, we see both “drivers of novelty and innovation as well as processes of capture and co-optation ... involved” (Kallerud et al. 2013, 4), so Grand Challenges policies have to cope with contestation, non-linearity and bifurcations in developments. This is not a message of despair, but it does imply that our present understandings and practices of STI policy are not sufficient to address Grand Challenges and set priorities accordingly.

/pdf/the-challenge-of-addressing-grand-challenges-a-think-piece-8udjkw1z8g.pdf

The challenge of addressing Grand Challenges: a think piece on how innovation can be driven towards the "Grand Challenges" as defined under the prospective European Union Framework Programme Horizon 2020

In its current Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, Horizon 2020, the European Commission identified Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) as a cross-cutting issue. The responsibility for RRI as a cross-cutting issue lies with the subprogramme Science with and for Society (SwafS). A recurrent theme in the SwafS Expert Advisory Group meetings was the lack of clarity about what RRI is supposed to be. This is an entrance point into a broader reflection on RRI discourse being like the new clothes of the emperor – or perhaps there is not even an emperor (yet). What is happening in and around RRI can be interpreted as conferring reality on this emperor (RRI) by clothing him.

https://tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/23299460.2016.1255701

The clothes of the emperor. An essay on RRI in and around Brussels

While the innovation literature offers many insights about the dynamics of innovations and to some extent their embedding in society, the contexts in which this happens are often treated as specific and/or contingent. After a brief theoretical discussion of co-evolutionary and actornetwork theories, I show that there are general patterns (‘layers’) in the context, in particular,
niches, regimes and socio-technical landscapes. A new ‘layer’ of institutionalized anticipatory co-ordination is emerging, stimulated by the challenge of handling emerging technologies like nanotechnology. The analysis in terms of ‘layers’ raises questions about what the scope of agency can be.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=2056673

The Context of Innovation Journeys

Engagement with stakeholders and civil society is increasingly important for new scientific and technological developments. Preparation of such engagements sets the stage for engagement activities and thus contributes to their outcomes. Preparation is a demanding task, particularly if the facilitating agent aims for timely engagement related to emerging technologies. Requirements for such preparation include understanding of the emerging science & technology and its dynamics. Multi-level analysis and socio-technical scenarios are two complementary tools for constructing productive engagement. Examination of the emergence of nanotechnologies in the food packaging sector demonstrates how these tools work. In light of recent policy demands for responsible innovation, but also more generally, the role of organizers of engagement activities is one that deserves reflection insofar as it can extend beyond that of preparation and facilitation.

/pdf/constructing-productive-engagement-pre-engagement-tools-for-48jwf38esl.pdf

Arie Rip

Papers

Fashions, Lock-ins and the Heterogeneity of Knowledge Production

The challenge of addressing Grand Challenges: a think piece on how innovation can be driven towards the "Grand Challenges" as defined under the prospective European Union Framework Programme Horizon 2020

The clothes of the emperor. An essay on RRI in and around Brussels

The Context of Innovation Journeys

Constructing Productive Engagement: Pre-engagement Tools for Emerging Technologies