Secret History: Return of the Black Death Channel 4, 7-8pm In 1348 the Black Death swept through London, killing people within days of the appearance of their first symptoms. Exactly how many died, and why, has long been a mystery. This Secret History documentary follows experts as they pick through the evidence and reveal why the plague killed on such a scale. And they ask, what might be coming next?

Medscape

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/pdf/acc-aha-2005-guideline-update-for-the-diagnosis-and-4hik65ngbe.pdf

ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult

In 1974 an article appeared in Science magazine with the dry-sounding title “Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases” by a pair of psychologists who were not well known outside their discipline of decision theory. In it Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman introduced the world to Prospect Theory, which mapped out how humans actually behave when faced with decisions about gains and losses, in contrast to how economists assumed that people behave. Prospect Theory turned Economics on its head by demonstrating through a series of ingenious experiments that people are much more concerned with losses than they are with gains, and that framing a choice from one perspective or the other will result in decisions that are exactly the opposite of each other, even if the outcomes are monetarily the same. Prospect Theory led cognitive psychology in a new direction that began to uncover other human biases in thinking that are probably not learned but are part of our brain’s wiring.

Thinking fast and slow.

ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure).

Mariell Jessup, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair [*][1]

William T. Abraham, MD, FACC, FAHA[†][2]

Donald E. Casey, MD, MPH, MBA[‡][3]

Arthur M. Feldman, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA[§][4]

Gary S. Francis, MD, FACC, FAHA[§][4]

Theodore G. Ganiats, MD[∥][5]

Marvin A. Konstam, MD, FACC[¶][6]

Donna M.

/pdf/2009-focused-update-incorporated-into-the-acc-aha-2005-3z9lhvyqwq.pdf

2009 Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9236980

Participants’ informed consent in adaptive, platform drug trials in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Not all approaches are ethically acceptable

Ethical considerations are central to all medicine though, likely, nowhere more essential than in the practice of reproductive endocrinology and infertility. Through in vitro fertilization (IVF), this is the only field in medicine involved in creating human life. IVF has, indeed, so far led to close to 10 million births worldwide. Yet, relating to substantial changes in clinical practice of IVF, the medical literature has remained surprisingly quiet over the last two decades. Major changes especially since 2010, however, call for an updated commentary. Three key changes deserve special notice: Starting out as a strictly medical service, IVF in recent years, in efforts to expand female reproductive lifespans in a process given the term "planned" oocyte cryopreservation, increasingly became more socially motivated. The IVF field also increasingly underwent industrialization and commoditization by outside financial interests. Finally, at least partially driven by industrialization and commoditization, so-called add-ons, the term describing mostly unvalidated tests and procedures added to IVF since 2010, have been held responsible for worldwide declines in fresh, non-donor live birthrates after IVF, to levels not seen since the mid-1990s. We here, therefore, do not offer a review of bioethical considerations regarding IVF as a fertility treatment, but attempt to point out ethical issues that arose because of major recent changes in clinical IVF practice. 

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10815-022-02439-7.pdf

Revisiting selected ethical aspects of current clinical in vitro fertilization (IVF) practice

When some scientists hear the word “bioethics,” they break out in intellectual hives. They shouldn’t. Good bioethics is about enabling science to move forward. Bioethics pushes scientists to acknowledge that they operate not within a vacuum but within a society in which diverse perspectives and values must be engaged. Bioethicists give voice to those divergent perspectives and provide a framework to facilitate informed and inclusive discussions that spur progress, rather than stall it. The field is needed to advance cutting-edge biomedical research in domains in which the benefits to be had are enormous, such as genome editing, but ethical concerns persist.

/pdf/genome-editing-bioethics-shows-the-way-2efk7oz397.pdf

Genome editing: Bioethics shows the way.

The United States is the only major nation to not yet have ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) Recently, there has been an erosion of the rights of children across America, Europe, and elsewhere, but through science, we may have an opportunity to counter some of this alarming trend In the area of vaccines, the scientific community can raise its voice on the dangers that nonmedical exemptions and delays pose to children at risk for measles, influenza, and other childhood illnesses Poverty places infants and children at high risk for illness and homelessness Gun violence and gun-related accidents are killing on average four American children daily, and climate change is promoting global pediatric malnutrition Increasing international, federal, and state support to seek innovative solutions to these and related issues is a moral imperative

/pdf/science-in-the-fight-to-uphold-the-rights-of-children-unank9ds8k.pdf

Science in the fight to uphold the rights of children.

1 A Crisis in Moral Philosophy: Why Is the Search for the Foundations of Ethics So Frustrating?.- Ethics, Foundations, and Science: Response to Alasdair MacIntyre.- 2 Moral Autonomy.- 3 The Concept of Responsibility: An Inquiry into the Foundations of an Ethics for Our Age.- 4 From System to Story: An Alternative Pattern for Rationality in Ethics.- 5 Can Medicine Dispense with a Theological Perspective on Human Nature?.- Kant's Moral Theology or a Religious Ethics?.- A Rejoinder to a Rejoinder.- 6 Theology and Ethics: An Interpretation of the Agenda.- Response to James M. Gustafson.- Rejoinder to Hans Jonas.- 7 The Moral Psychology of Science.- 8 The Poverty of Scientism and the Promise of Structuralist Ethics.- 9 Natural Selection and Societal Laws.- 10 Evolution, Social Behavior, and Ethics.- 11 Attitudes toward Eugenics in Germany and Soviet Russia in the 1920's: An Examination of Science and Values.- 12 Are Science and Ethics Compatible?.- 13 How Can We Reconnect the Sciences with the Foundations of Ethics?.- The Multiple Connections between Science and Ethics: Response to Stephen Toulmin.

Arthur L. Caplan

Papers

Participants’ informed consent in adaptive, platform drug trials in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Not all approaches are ethically acceptable

Revisiting selected ethical aspects of current clinical in vitro fertilization (IVF) practice

Genome editing: Bioethics shows the way.

Science in the fight to uphold the rights of children.

The Roots of Ethics: Science, Religion, and Values