Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) offer the possibilities to design solar cells with a large flexibility in shape, color, and transparency. DSC research groups have been established around the worl ...

/pdf/dye-sensitized-solar-cells-50b0w2bhsr.pdf

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Aggregation-induced emission: phenomenon, mechanism and applications.

Fenton chemistry encompasses reactions of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron to generate highly reactive species such as the hydroxyl radical and possibly others. In this review, the complex mechanisms of Fenton and Fenton-like reactions and the important factors influencing these reactions, from both a fundamental and practical perspective, in applications to water and soil treatment, are discussed. The review covers modified versions including the photoassisted Fenton reaction, use of chelated iron, electro-Fenton reactions, and Fenton reactions using heterogeneous catalysts. Sections are devoted to nonclassical pathways, by-products, kinetics and process modeling, experimental design methodology, soil and aquifer treatment, use of Fenton in combination with other advanced oxidation processes or biodegradation, economic comparison with other advanced oxidation processes, and case studies.

/pdf/advanced-oxidation-processes-for-organic-contaminant-546ow329vb.pdf

Advanced Oxidation Processes for Organic Contaminant Destruction Based on the Fenton Reaction and Related Chemistry

Solution-processed bulk-heterojunction solar cells have gained serious attention during the last few years and are becoming established as one of the future photovoltaic technologies for low-cost power production. This article reviews the highlights of the last few years, and summarizes today's state-of-the-art performance. An outlook is given on relevant future materials and technologies that have the potential to guide this young photovoltaic technology towards the magic 10% regime. A cost model supplements the technical discussions, with practical aspects any photovoltaic technology needs to fulfil, and answers to the question as to whether low module costs can compensate lower lifetimes and performances.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.200801283

Polymer‐Fullerene Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells

Since the discovery of highly conducting polyacetylene by Shirakawa, MacDiarmid, and Heeger in 1977, π-conjugated systems have attracted much attention as futuristic materials for the development and production of the next generation of electronics, that is, organic electronics. Conceptually, organic electronics are quite different from conventional inorganic solid state electronics because the structural versatility of organic semiconductors allows for the incorporation of functionality by molecular design. This versatility leads to a new era in the design of electronic devices. To date, the great number of π-conjugated semiconducting materials that have either been discovered or synthesized generate an exciting library of π-conjugated systems for use in organic electronics. 11 However, some key challenges for further advancement remain: the low mobility and stability of organic semiconductors, the lack of knowledge regarding structure property relationships for understanding the fundamental chemical aspects behind the structural design, and realization of desired properties. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are a kind of device consisting of an organic semiconducting layer, a gate insulator layer, and three terminals (drain, source, and gate electrodes). OFETs are not only essential building blocks for the next generation of cheap and flexible organic circuits, but they also provide an important insight into the charge transport of πconjugated systems. Therefore, they act as strong tools for the exploration of the structure property relationships of πconjugated systems, such as parameters of field-effect mobility (μ, the drift velocity of carriers under unit electric field), current on/off ratio (the ratio of the maximum on-state current to the minimum off-state current), and threshold voltage (the minimum gate voltage that is required to turn on the transistor). 17 Since the discovery of OFETs in the 1980s, they have attracted much attention. Research onOFETs includes the discovery, design, and synthesis of π-conjugated systems for OFETs, device optimization, development of applications in radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, flexible displays, electronic papers, sensors, and so forth. It is beyond the scope of this review to cover all aspects of π-conjugated systems; hence, our focus will be on the performance analysis of π-conjugated systems in OFETs. This should make it possible to extract information regarding the fundamental merit of semiconducting π-conjugated materials and capture what is needed for newmaterials and what is the synthesis orientation of newπ-conjugated systems. In fact, for a new science with many practical applications, the field of organic electronics is progressing extremely rapidly. For example, using “organic field effect transistor” or “organic field effect transistors” as the query keywords to search the Web of Science citation database, it is possible to show the distribution of papers over recent years as shown in Figure 1A. It is very clear

Semiconducting π-conjugated systems in field-effect transistors: a material odyssey of organic electronics.

The role of oxygen in the hydroxylation of benzene with Fenton's reagent was studied in a 0.05 M H2S0, solution. The main products are phenol and benzoquinone in the molar ratio ca. 10: 1. A precise determination of material balance with respect to benzene indicated that the selectivity of phenol is rather low, less than 50%. On the other hand, the conversion of H 2 0 2 into aromatic oxidation products including unidentified byproducts is unexpectedly high. Tracer study with ('802)2 gas indicated that the isotope incorporation in phenol is ca. 20%, while the incorporation in benzoquinone is perfect. It was also shown that both oxygen and benzene were consumed in excess of H 2 0 2 during the reaction. To account for all of these results, regeneration of H 2 0 2 resulting from Dorfman's mechanism has been proposed. By the aid of computer simulation, the amount of H202 regenerated was estimated to be around 20% of H202 initially used. Factors affecting the isotope incorporation in phenol were also discussed.

The role of oxygen in the hydroxylation reaction of benzene with Fenton's reagent. Oxygen 18 tracer study.

In this paper, we describe the synthesis and function of polymers with alternating organosilicon and π-conjugated units. We also deal with experimental efforts to understand the nature of σ-π conjugation in the polymer backbone

Atsutaka Kunai

Papers

The role of oxygen in the hydroxylation reaction of benzene with Fenton's reagent. Oxygen 18 tracer study.

Polymers with alternating organosilicon and π-conjugated units

A conducting polymer derived from para-aminodiphenylamine

Growth mechanism in the electropolymerization of aniline and p-aminodiphenylamine

Synthesis and properties of dithienosiloles