http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/78793/1/Progress%20in%20chemical-looping%20combustion%20and%20ref....2012.pdf

Progress in chemical-looping combustion and reforming technologies

In recent years, Carbon Capture and Storage (Sequestration) (CCS) has been proposed as a potential method to allow the continued use of fossil-fuelled power stations whilst preventing emissions of CO2 from reaching the atmosphere. Gas, coal (and biomass)-fired power stations can respond to changes in demand more readily than many other sources of electricity production, hence the importance of retaining them as an option in the energy mix. Here, we review the leading CO2 capture technologies, available in the short and long term, and their technological maturity, before discussing CO2 transport and storage. Current pilot plants and demonstrations are highlighted, as is the importance of optimising the CCS system as a whole. Other topics briefly discussed include the viability of both the capture of CO2 from the air and CO2 reutilisation as climate change mitigation strategies. Finally, we discuss the economic and legal aspects of CCS.

Carbon capture and storage update

Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review

Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis mechanism: A state-of-the-art review

The conversion of biomass by thermochemical means is very promising for the substitution of fossil materials in many energy applications. Given the complexity of biomass the main challenge in its use is to obtain products with high yield and purity. For a better understanding of biomass thermochemical conversion, many authors have studied in TG analyzer or at bed scale the individual pyrolysis of its main constituents (i.e. cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin). Based on these studies, this original work synthesizes the main steps of conversion and the composition of the products obtained from each constituent. Pyrolysis conversion can be described as the superposition of three main pathways (char formation, depolymerization and fragmentation) and secondary reactions. Lignin, which is composed of many benzene rings, gives the highest char yield and its depolymerization leads to various phenols. The depolymerization of the polysaccharides is a source of anhydro-saccharides and furan compounds. The fragmentation of the different constituents and the secondary reactions produce CO, CO2 and small chain compounds. For temperature higher than 500 °C, the residues obtained from the different constituents present a similar structure, which evolves towards a more condensed polyaromatic form by releasing CH4, CO and H2. As the aromatic rings and their substituent composition have a critical influence on the reactivity of pyrolysis products, a particular attention has been given to their formation. Some mechanisms are proposed to explain the formation of the main products. From the results of this study it is possible to predict the reactivity and energy content of the pyrolysis products and evaluate their potential use as biofuels in renewable applications.

A review on pyrolysis of biomass constituents: Mechanisms and composition of the products obtained from the conversion of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin

Air gasification of polypropylene plastic waste in fluidized bed gasifier

The concept of high-temperature air/steam-blown gasification technology for converting coal into low-caloric-value gas for power generation is proposed and evaluated experimentally. Preliminary experiments are performed in a 0.1 MW thermal input pressurized spout-fluid bed gasifier. The influences of the gasifying agent preheat temperature, the gasification temperature and pressure, the equivalence ratio, the ratio of steam-to-coal on gas composition, gas higher heating value, carbon conversion, and cold gas efficiency are examined. The experimental results prove the feasibility of high-temperature air/steam-blown gasification process. The gas heating value is increased by 23%, when the gasifying agent temperature is increased from 300 to 700 °C. For the operation conditions studied, the results show that gasification temperature is the most important factor influencing coal gasification in the spout-fluid bed. The gasifier performance is improved at elevated pressure mainly due to the better fluidization...

High-temperature air/steam-blown gasification of coal in a pressurized spout-fluid bed

We report on the preparation of biomass-based activated carbons by the steam physical activation and KOH chemical activation methods. In addition, we also investigate their adsorption performance. By adjusting the reaction parameters, different carbon materials are prepared from corn residues and characterized using instrumental analyses such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). It is found that the synthesized activated carbons exhibit high surface area (1600 m 2  g −1 ) and large pore volume (2.01 cm 3  g −1 ). Furthermore, the high methylene blue and iodine adsorption value and a considerable CO 2 uptake (exceeding 1.5 mmol g −1 ) are attained with the activated carbons, showing their potential usage for the CO 2 adsorbent.

The comparison of two activation techniques to prepare activated carbon from corn cob

Study on carbonization of lignin by TG-FTIR and high-temperature carbonization reactor

Biomass catalytic fast pyrolysis can produce aromatics and olefins, which are used as petrochemicals. However, the yields of aromatics and olefins are still very low. In this work, catalytic co-pyrolysis of pine sawdust and plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene) was conducted in a fluidized-bed reactor to improve the yields of aromatics and olefins. The effects of different temperatures, polyethylene/pine sawdust ratios, different catalysts, and plastics on the product distributions were studied. The results show there are some positive synergistic effects between the two feedstocks. The maximum carbon yield of petrochemicals (71%) was obtained at 600 °C with a spent fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst and polyethylene/pine sawdust ratio of 4:1. LOSA-1 presents better catalytic performances than Al2O3 and spent FCC catalysts. The petrochemical carbon yield with LOSA-1 is almost 2 times that without catalyst. Catalytic co-pyrolysis of polystyrene and pine sawdust produced the highe...

Catalytic Co-pyrolysis of Biomass and Different Plastics (Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polystyrene) To Improve Hydrocarbon Yield in a Fluidized-Bed Reactor

Baosheng Jin

Papers

Air gasification of polypropylene plastic waste in fluidized bed gasifier

High-temperature air/steam-blown gasification of coal in a pressurized spout-fluid bed

The comparison of two activation techniques to prepare activated carbon from corn cob

Study on carbonization of lignin by TG-FTIR and high-temperature carbonization reactor

Catalytic Co-pyrolysis of Biomass and Different Plastics (Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polystyrene) To Improve Hydrocarbon Yield in a Fluidized-Bed Reactor